PDE5 inhibitors: Considerations for preference and long-term adherence

International Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn 67, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 768-780

  Smith, W B ^a   McCaslin, I R ^a   Gokce, A ^a   Mandava, S H ^a   Trost, L ^a   Hellstrom, W J ^a  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVANAFIL; LODENAFIL; MIRODENAFIL; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V; PLACEBO; SILDENAFIL; SLX 2101; TADALAFIL; UDENAFIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VARDENAFIL;

BACKACHE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG PREFERENCE; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSPEPSIA; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; IC 50; LONG TERM CARE; LOW BACK PAIN; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MYALGIA; NOSE OBSTRUCTION; PATIENT CARE; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PRIAPISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QT PROLONGATION; REVIEW; RHINITIS; RHINOPHARYNGITIS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SEXUAL SATISFACTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VISUAL DISORDER;

ADULT; AGED; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG DISCOVERY; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE; LONG-TERM CARE; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PATIENT-CENTERED CARE; PENILE ERECTION; PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84880666369     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: 17421241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12074     Document Type: Review

References (144)

1. Selvin E, Burnett AL, Platz EA,. Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the US. Am J Med 2007; 120: 151-7.
2. Hatzichristou D, Rosen RC, Broderick G, et al., Clinical evaluation and management strategy for sexual dysfunction in men and women. J Sex Med 2004; 1: 49-57.
3. Sommers F, Mathers M, Klotz T, Bondarenko B, Caspers HP, Engelmann U,. A comparative randomised study of maximum doses of sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil. Eur Urol 2004; 3: 105. Abstract 410.
4. Albersen M, Shindel AW, Mwamukonda KB, Lue TF,. The future is today: emerging drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opinion Emerg Drugs 2010; 15: 467-80.
5. Albersen M, Shindel AW, Lue TF,. Sexual dysfunction in the older man. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 2009; 19 (4): 237-248.
6. Montorsi F, Salonia A, Zanoni M, et al., Current status of local penile therapy. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14 (Suppl. 1): S70-81.
7. McMahon C,. Efficacy and safety of daily tadalafil in men with erectile dysfunction previously unresponsive to on-demand tadalafil. J Sex Med 2004; 1: 292-300.
8. McMahon C,. Comparison of efficacy, safety, and tolerability of on-demand tadalafil and daily dosed tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 415-25; discussion 25-7.
9. Porst H, Giuliano F, Glina S, et al., Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of once-a-day dosing of tadalafil 5mg and 10mg in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol 2006; 50: 351-9.
10. Porst H, Rajfer J, Casabé A, et al., Long-term safety and efficacy of tadalafil 5 mg dosed once daily in men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 2160-9.
11. Kang DH, Lee JY, Park SY, et al., Efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg administered once daily in Korean men with erectile dysfunction: a prospective, multicenter study. Korean J Urol 2010; 51: 647-52.
12. Hackett GI,. Patient preferences in treatment of erectile dysfunction: the continuing importance of patient education. Clin Cornerstone 2005; 7: 57-65.
13. Mulhall J, King R, Glina S, Hvidsten K,. Importance of and satisfaction with sex among men and women worldwide: results of the global better sex survey. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 788-95.
14. Eardley I, Dean J, Barnes T, et al., The sexual habits of British men and women over 40 years old. BJU Int 2004; 93: 563-7.
15. Conaglen HM, Conaglen JV,. Couples' reasons for adherence to, or discontinuation of, PDE type 5 inhibitors for men with erectile dysfunction at 12 to 24-month follow-up after a 6-month free trial. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 857-65.
16. Sadovsky R, Brock GB, Gray M, et al., Optimizing treatment outcomes with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction: opening windows to enhanced sexual function and overall health. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2011; 23: 320-30.
17. Goldstein I, Kim E, Steers WD, et al., Efficacy and safety of tadalafil in men with erectile dysfunction with a high prevalence of comorbid conditions: results from MOMENTUS: multiple observations in men with erectile dysfunction in National Tadalafil Study in the US. J Sex Med 2007; 4: 166-75.
18. McMahon CG,. Treatment of erectile dysfunction with chronic dosing of tadalafil. Eur Urol 2006; 50: 215-7.
19. Chevret M, Jaudinot E, Sullivan K, et al., Impact of erectile dysfunction (ED) on sexual life of female partners: assessment with the Index of Sexual Life (ISL) questionnaire. J Sex Marital Ther 2004; 30: 157-72.
20. Moreira ED, Brock G, Glasser DB, et al., Help-seeking behaviour for sexual problems: the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59: 6-16.
21. Guay AT, Spark RF, Bansal S, et al., American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of male sexual dysfunction: a couple's problem-2003 update. Endocr Pract 2003; 9 (1): 77-95.
22. Lindau ST, Schumm LP, Laumann EO, et al., A study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 762-74.
23. Lue TF, Takamura T, Schmidt RA, et al., Hemodynamics of erection in the monkey. J Urol 1983; 130: 1237-41.
24. Lue TF, Tanagho EA,. Physiology of erection and pharmacological management of impotence. J Urol 1987; 137: 829-36.
25. Azadzoi KM, Kim N, Brown ML, et al., Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase products modulate corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tone. J Urol 1992; 147: 220-5.
26. Hedlund H, Andersson KE, Fovaeus M, et al., Characterization of contraction-mediating prostanoid receptors in human penile erectile tissues. J Urol 1989; 141: 182-6.
27. Kim ED, McVary KT,. Topical prostaglandin-E1 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Urol 1995; 153: 1828-30.
28. Martinez-Piñeiro L, Trigo-Rocha F, Hsu GL, Heyden von B, Lue TF, Tanagho EA,. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate mediates penile erection in the rat. Eur Urol 1993; 24 (4): 492-9.
29. Boolell M, Allen MJ, Ballard SA, et al., Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 1996; 8 (2): 47-52.
30. Beavo JA,. cGMP inhibition of heart phosphodiesterase: is it clinically relevant? J Clin Investig 1995; 95: 445.
31. Butcher RW, Sutherland EW,. Adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate in biological materials. I. Purification and properties of cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase and use of this enzyme to characterize adenosine 3′,5′-phosphate in human urine. J Biol Chem 1962; 237: 1244-50.
32. Mercier JL,. Cialis (tadalafil) Tablets-FDA Approval Label. NDA 21-368 2003: 1-24.
33. Carson CC, Lue TF,. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 2005; 96: 257-80.
34. Pfizer,. Viagra. Sildenafil citrate [package insert]. New York, NY: Pfizer, Inc, 1998: 1-19.
35. Hellstrom WJG,. Current safety and tolerability issues in men with erectile dysfunction receiving PDE5 inhibitors. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61: 1547-54.
36. Uckert S, Stief CG, Jonas U,. Current and future trends in the oral pharmacotherapy of male erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12: 1521-33.
37. Ströberg P, Murphy A, Costigan T,. Switching patients with erectile dysfunction from sildenafil citrate to tadalafil: results of a European multicenter, open-label study of patient preference. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2724-37.
38. Shindel AW,. 2009 update on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy part 2: updates on optimal utilization for sexual concerns and rare toxicities in this class. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 2352-64; quiz 65-6.
39. Farooq MU, Naravetla B, Moore PW, et al., Role of sildenafil in neurological disorders. Clin Neuropharmacol 2008; 31: 353-62.
40. Demchenko IT, Ruehle A, Allen BW, et al., Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors oppose hyperoxic vasoconstriction and accelerate seizure development in rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. J Appl Physiol 2009; 106: 1234-42.
41. Okuyucu EE, Guven O, Duman T, et al., EEG abnormalities during treatment with tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Neurol Res 2009; 31: 313-5.
42. Danesh-Meyer HV, Levin LA,. Erectile dysfunction drugs and risk of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: casual or causal association? Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91: 1551-5.
43. Thurtell MJ, Tomsak RL,. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with PDE-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2008; 20: 537-43.
44. Gorkin L, Hvidsten K, Sobel RE, Siegel R,. Sildenafil citrate use and the incidence of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60: 500-3.
45. Azzouni F, Abu samra K,. Are phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors associated with vision-threatening adverse events? A critical analysis and review of the literature. J Sex Med 2011; 8 (10): 2894-903.
46. United States Food and Drug Administration. Questions and answers about Viagra, Levitra, Cialis, and Revatio: possible sudden hearing loss. 2007. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2007/ucm109012.htm (accessed July 2012)
47. Okuyucu S, Guven OE, Akoglu E, et al., Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor on hearing. J Laryngol Otol 2009; 123: 718-22.
48. Thadani U, Smith W, Nash S, et al., The effect of vardenafil, a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, on the cardiovascular response to exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 (11): 2006-12.
49. Nehra A,. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in men with both conditions. Mayo Clinic Proc 2009; 84: 139-48.
50. Carter AJ, Ballard SA, Naylor AM,. Effect of the selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil on erectile dysfunction in the anesthetized dog. J Urol 1998; 160: 242-6.
51. Gupta M, Kovar A, Meibohm B,. The clinical pharmacokinetics of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45: 987-1003.
52. Gresser U, Gleiter CH,. Erectile dysfunction: comparison of efficacy and side effects of the PDE-5 inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil-review of the literature. Eur J Med Res 2002; 7: 435-46.
53. Dorsey P, Keel C, Klavens M, Hellstrom WJG,. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11: 1109-22.
54. Levitra,. Levitra (vardenafil HCl) Tablets-FDA Approval Label. NDA021400 2003: 1-26.
55. Klotz T, Sachse R, Heidrich A, et al., Vardenafil increases penile rigidity and tumescence in erectile dysfunction patients: a RigiScan and pharmacokinetic study. World J Urol 2001; 19 (1): 32-9.
56. Levitra,. Vardenafil. HCL [package insert]. West Haven, CT: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, 2003: 1-26.
57. Bischoff E,. Potency, selectivity, and consequences of nonselectivity of PDE inhibition. Int J Impot Res 2004; 16 (Suppl. 1): S11-4.
58. Bella AJ, Brock GB,. Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Curr Urol Rep 2003; 4: 472-8.
59. Porst H, Padma-Nathan H, Giuliano F, et al., Efficacy of tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction at 24 and 36 hours after dosing: a randomized controlled trial. Urology 2003; 62: 121-5.discussion 5-6.
60. Curran M, Keating G,. Tadalafil. Drugs 2003; 63: 2203-12.discussion 13-4.
61. Forgue ST, Phillips DL, Bedding AW, et al., Effects of gender, age, diabetes mellitus and renal and hepatic impairment on tadalafil pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63 (1): 24-35.
62. VIVUS. Stendra (avanafil) Tablets-FDA Approval Label. 2012: 1-22.
63. Jung J, Choi S, Cho SH, et al., Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of avanafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor: a single- and multiple-dose, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study in healthy Korean male volunteers. Clin Ther 2010; 32: 1178-87.
64. Wang R, Burnett AL, Heller WH, et al., Selectivity of Avanafil, a PDE5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: implications for clinical safety and improved tolerability. J Sex Med 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012. 02822.x. [Epub ahead of print].
65. Hellstrom WJ, Freier MT, Serefoglu EC, et al., A phase II, single-blind, randomized, crossover evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil using visual sexual stimulation in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11267.x. [Epub ahead of print].
66. Limin M, Johnsen N, Hellstrom WJ,. Avanafil, a new rapid-onset phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19: 1427-37.
67. Kotera J, Mochida H, Inoue H, et al., Avanafil, a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2012; 188: 668-74.
68. Alwaal A, Al-Mannie R, Carrier S,. Future prospects in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: focus on avanafil. Drug Des Dev Ther 2011; 5: 435-43.
69. Paick J-S, Kim SW, Yang DY, et al., The efficacy and safety of udenafil, a new selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in patients with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2008; 5 (4): 946-53.
70. Kim B-H, Lim H-S, Chung J-Y, et al., Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of udenafil, a novel PDE-5 inhibitor, in healthy young Korean subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65: 848-54.
71. Moon du G, Yang DY, Lee CH, et al., A therapeutic confirmatory study to assess the safety and efficacy of Zydena (udenafil) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in male patients with diabetes mellitus. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 2048-61.
72. Search of: Udenafil 'Erectile Dysfunction'- List Results-ClinicalTrials. gov. 2012.
73. Glina S, Toscano I, Gomatzky C, et al., Efficacy and tolerability of lodenafil carbonate for oral therapy in erectile dysfunction: a phase II clinical trial. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 553-7.
74. Porst H, Glina S, Ralph D, et al., Durability of response following cessation of tadalafil taken once daily as treatment for erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 3487-94.
75. Gur S, Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJ,. Novel phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors in the alleviation of erectile dysfunction due to diabetes and ageing-induced oxidative stress. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17: 855-64.
76. Prince WTCA, Tong W, et al., SLx-2101, a new long-acting PDE5 inhibitor: preliminary safety, tolerability, PK and endothelial function effects in healthy subjects. J Sex Med 2006; 3 (Suppl.): 29-30.
77. Sweetnam PCS, Grogan M, et al., SLx-2101, a novel long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor for erectile dysfunction: in vivo and in vitro studies [abstract no. 51]. J Sex Med 2006; 3 (Suppl.): 29-30.
78. Heinig R, Weimann B, Dietrich H, Bottcher MF,. Pharmacokinetics of a new orodispersible tablet formulation of vardenafil: results of three clinical trials. 2010 (null) ed. Clin Drug Investig 2011; 31 (1): 27-41.
79. Boolell M, Gepi-Attee S, Gingell JC, Allen MJ,. Sildenafil, a novel effective oral therapy for male erectile dysfunction. Br J Urol 1996; 78 (2): 257-61.
80. Doggrell SA,. Comparison of clinical trials with sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil in erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 6 (1): 75-84.
81. Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers ED, Wicker PA,. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 338 (20): 1397-404.
82. Müller MJ, Ruof J, Graf-Morgenstern M, Porst H, Benkert O,. Quality of partnership in patients with erectile dysfunction after sildenafil treatment. Pharmacopsychiatry © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. New York 2001; 34 (03): 91-5.
83. Choi HK, Ahn TY, Kim JJ, et al., A double-blind, randomised- placebo, controlled, parallel group, multicentre, flexible-dose escalation study to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil administered as required to male outpatients with erectile dysfunction in Korea. Int J Impot Res 2003; 15 (2): 80-6.
84. Meuleman E, Cuzin B, Opsomer RJ, et al., A dose-escalation study to assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 2001; 87 (1): 75-81.
85. Tan HM, Moh CL, Mendoza JB, et al., Asian sildenafil efficacy and safety study (ASSESS-1): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study of oral sildenafil in Malaysian, Singaporean, and Filipino men with erectile dysfunction. The Assess-1 Study Group. Urology 2000; 56 (4): 635-40.
86. Morales A, Gingell C, Collins M, Wicker PA, Osterloh IH,. Clinical safety of oral sildenafil citrate (VIAGRA) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 1998; 10 (2): 69-73; discussion 73-4.
87. Stark S, Sachse R, Liedl T, et al., Vardenafil increases penile rigidity and tumescence in men with erectile dysfunction after a single oral dose. Eur Urol 2001; 40 (2): 181-8; discussion 189-90.
88. Porst H, Rosen R, Padma-Nathan H, et al., The efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil, a new, oral, selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in patients with erectile dysfunction: the first at-home clinical trial. Int J Impot Res 2001; 13 (4): 192-9.
89. Hellstrom WJG, Gittelman M, Karlin G, et al., Vardenafil for treatment of men with erectile dysfunction: efficacy and safety in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Androl 2002; 23: 763-71.
90. Hellstrom WJG, Gittelman M, Karlin G, et al., Sustained efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil, a highly potent selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in men with erectile dysfunction: results of a randomized, double-blind, 26-week placebo-controlled pivotal trial. Urology 2003; 61 (4 Suppl. 1): 8-14.
91. Stief C, Porst H, Sáenz De Tejada I, Ulbrich E, Beneke M, Vardenafil Study Group,. Sustained efficacy and tolerability with vardenafil over 2 years of treatment in men with erectile dysfunction. Int J Clin Pract 2004; 58 (3): 230-9.
92. Sanford M,. Vardenafil orodispersible tablet. Drugs 2012; 72: 87-98.
93. Gittelman M, McMahon CG, Rodríguez-Rivera, Beneke M, Ulbrich E, Ewald S,. The POTENT II randomised trial: efficacy and safety of an orodispersible vardenafil formulation for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64 (5): 594-603.
94. Debruyne FMJ, Gittelman M, Sperling H, Borner M, Beneke M,. Time to onset of action of vardenafil: a retrospective analysis of the pivotal trials for the orodispersible and film-coated tablet formulations. J Sex Med 2011; 8 (10): 2912-23.
95. Montorsi F, Verheyden B, Meuleman E, et al., Long-term safety and tolerability of tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol 2004; 45 (3): 339-44; discussion 344-5.
96. Seftel AD, Wilson SK, Knapp PM, Shin J, Wang WC, Ahuja S,. The efficacy and safety of tadalafil in United States and Puerto Rican men with erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2004; 172 (2): 652-7.
97. Brock GB, McMahon CG, Chen KK, et al., Efficacy and safety of tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: results of integrated analyses. J Urol 2002; 168 (4 Pt 1): 1332-6.
98. Seftel AD,. Challenges in oral therapy for erectile dysfunction. J Androl 2002; 23: 729-36.
99. Cheitlin MD, Hutter AM, Brindis RG, et al., Use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease. Technology and Practice Executive Committee. Circulation 1999; 99 (1): 168-77.
100. Goldstein I, McCullough AR, Jones LA, et al., A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of avanafil in subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 1122-33.
101. Hellstrom JG, Freier MT, Serefoglu EC, Onset of action and time to efficacy of avanafil, a novel, rapid-onset PDE5 inhibitor in men with mild to severe erectile dysfunction: data from phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trails. Presented at the American Urological Association (AUA) Annual Meeting 2012:Poster # MP-53.
102. Fusco F, Razzoli E, Imbimbo C, et al., A new era in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: chronic phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition. BJU Int 2010; 105: 1634-9.
103. Martin-Morales A, Haro JM, Beardsworth A, et al., Therapeutic effectiveness and patient satisfaction after 6 months of treatment with tadalafil, sildenafil, and vardenafil: results from the erectile dysfunction observational study (EDOS). Eur Urol 2007; 51: 541-50; discussion 50.
104. Jiann BP, Yu CC, Su CC, Tsai JY,. Compliance of sildenafil treatment for erectile dysfunction and factors affecting it. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18: 146-9.
105. Hatzimouratidis K, Hatzichristou DG,. A comparative review of the options for treatment of erectile dysfunction: which treatment for which patient? Drugs 2005; 65 (12): 1621-50.
106. Jarow JP, Burnett AL, Geringer AM,. Clinical efficacy of sildenafil citrate based on etiology and response to prior treatment. J Urol 1999; 162 (3 Pt 1): 722-5.
107. McMahon CN, Smith CJ, Shabsigh R,. Treating erectile dysfunction when PDE5 inhibitors fail. BMJ 2006; 332: 589-92.
108. Son H, Park K, Kim SW, Paick J-S,. Reasons for discontinuation of sildenafil citrate after successful restoration of erectile function. Asian J Androl 2004; 6: 117-20.
109. Hanson-Divers C, Jackson SE, Lue TF, et al., Health outcomes variables important to patients in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Urol 1998; 159: 1541-7.
110. Lee J, Pommerville P, Brock G, et al., Physician-rated patient preference and patient- and partner-rated preference for tadalafil or sildenafil citrate: results from the Canadian 'Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction' observational study. BJU Int 2006; 98 (3): 623-9.
111. Govier F, Potempa A-J, Kaufman J, et al., A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study of patient preference for tadalafil 20 mg or sildenafil citrate 50 mg during initiation of treatment for erectile dysfunction. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2709-23.
112. von Keitz A, Rajfer J, Segal S, et al., A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study to evaluate patient preference between tadalafil and sildenafil. Eur Urol 2004; 45: 499-507; discussion 9.
113. Ströberg P, Hedelin H, Ljunggren C,. Prescribing all phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors to a patient with erectile dysfunction-a realistic and feasible option in everyday clinical practice-outcomes of a simple treatment regime. Eur Urol 2006; 49 (5): 900-7; discussion 907.
114. Porst H, Kleingarn M, Arnds S,. The two PDE 5 inhibitors sildenafil and tadalafil-results of an independent intraindividual comparative trial. Eur Urol Suppl 2004; 3 (2): 27.
115. Porst H, Arnds S, Kleingarn M,. The three PDE 5 inhibitors sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil-results of a comparative preference trial in 222 patients with erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol 2004; 2 (Suppl. 3): 408.Available at: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:lfjDu1-N1xQJ:scholar.google.com/ &hl=en&num=30&as-sdt=0,5&as-ylo=2004&as-yhi=200
116. Claes H, Van Poppel H,. The use of sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil in clinical practice. J Sex Med 2005; 2 (Suppl. 1): 21. Available at: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:36lyHRBjqXYJ:scholar.google.com/ &hl=en&num=30&as-sdt=0,5.
117. Mirone V, Fusco F, Rossi A, et al., Tadalafil and vardenafil vs sildenafil: a review of patient-preference studies. BJU Int 2009; 103: 1212-7.
118. Mulhall JP,. Understanding erectile dysfunction medication preference studies. Curr Opin Urol 2004; 14 (6): 367-73.
119. Hatzimouratidis K, Amar E, Eardley I, et al., Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. 2010(null) ed. Eur Urol 2010; 804-14.
120. Donatucci CF, Wong DG, Giuliano F, et al., Efficacy and safety of tadalafil once daily: considerations for the practical application of a daily dosing option. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24: 3383-92.
121. Rajfer J, Aliotta PJ, Steidle CP, et al., Tadalafil dosed once a day in men with erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in the US. Int J Impot Res 2007; 19: 95-103.
122. Bella AJ, DeYoung LX, al-Numi M, Brock GB,. Daily administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for urological and nonurological indications. Eur Urol 2007; 52: 990-1005.
123. Wrishko R, Sorsaburu S, Wong D, et al., Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic overview of low-dose daily administration of tadalafil. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 2039-48.
124. Montorsi F, Aversa A, Moncada I, et al., A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study to assess the efficacy and safety of once-a-day tadalafil in men with erectile dysfunction who are naive to PDE5 inhibitors. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 2617-24.
125. Shabsigh R, Donatucci C, Costabile R, et al., Reliability of efficacy in men with erectile dysfunction treated with tadalafil once daily after initial success. Int J Impot Res 2010; 22: 1-8.
126. Caretta N, Palego P, Ferlin A, et al., Resumption of spontaneous erections in selected patients affected by erectile dysfunction and various degrees of carotid wall alteration: role of tadalafil. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 326-31; discussion 31-2.
127. Behr-Roussel D, Gorny D, Mevel K, et al., Chronic sildenafil improves erectile function and endothelium-dependent cavernosal relaxations in rats: lack of tachyphylaxis. Eur Urol 2005; 47 (1): 87-91.
128. Desouza C, Parulkar A, Lumpkin D, Akers D, Fonseca V,. Acute and chronic effects of low dose sildenafil on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2001; 50 (Suppl. 2): A110. Available at: http://scholar.google.com/ scholar?q=related:iAYok-nJjJIJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num= 30&as-sdt=0,5
129. Foresta C, Ferlin A, De Toni L, et al., Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function after chronic Tadalafil treatment in subjects with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18 (5): 484-8.
130. Porst H,. [Therapy of erectile dysfunction in 2005]. Urologe A 2003; 42 (10): 1330-6.
131. Amr Abdel Raheem PK,. Patient preference and satisfaction in erectile dysfunction therapy: a comparison of the three phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil. Patient Prefer Adherence Dove Press 2009; 3: 99.
132. Rubio-Aurioles E, Porst H, Kim ED, et al,. A randomized open-label trial with a crossover comparison of sexual self-confidence and other treatment outcomes following tadalafil once a day vs. tadalafil or sildenafil on-demand in men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 1418-29.
133. Perimenis P, Roumeguere T, Heidler H, Roos E, Belger M, Schmitt H,. Evaluation of patient expectations and treatment satisfaction after 1-year tadalafil therapy for erectile dysfunction: the DETECT study. J Sex Med 2009; 6 (1): 257-67.
134. Ljunggren C, Hedelin H, Salomonsson K, Ströberg P,. Giving patients with erectile dysfunction the opportunity to try all three available phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors contributes to better long-term treatment compliance. J Sex Med 2008; 5 (2): 469-75.
135. Kell PD, Hvidsten K, Morant SV, Harnett JP, Bridge S,. Factors that predict changing the type of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor medication among men in the UK. BJU Int 2007; 99 (4): 860-3.
136. Mulhall JP, McLaughlin TP, Harnett JP, Scott B, Burhani S, Russell D,. Medication utilization behavior in patients receiving phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2005; 2 (6): 848-55.
137. Althof SE,. When an erection alone is not enough: biopsychosocial obstacles to lovemaking. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14 (Suppl. 1): S99-104.
138. Jensen PK, Burnett JK,. Erectile dysfunction. Primary care treatment is appropriate and essential. Adv Nurse Pract 2002; 10: 45-7.
139. Topol E,. The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Revolution Will Create Better Health Care, 1st edn. New York, NY: Basic Books, 2012.
140. Horvath T, Azman H, Kennedy GE, Rutherford GW,. Mobile phone text messaging to help patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 3: CD009756.
141. Márquez-Contreras E, Martell-Claros N, Gil-Guillén V, et al., Efficacy of a home blood pressure monitoring programme on therapeutic compliance in hypertension: the EAPACUM-HTA study. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 169-75.
142. Munger MA, Stoddard GJ, Wenner AR, et al., Safety of prescribing PDE-5 inhibitors via e-medicine vs traditional medicine. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83 (8): 890-6.
143. Jones MJ,. Internet-based prescription of sildenafil: a 2104-patient series. J Med Internet Res 2001; 3 (1): E2.
144. Leusink PM, Aarts E,. Treating erectile dysfunction through electronic consultation: a pilot study. J Sex Marital Ther 2006; 32 (5): 401-7.