Psychological distress in African American grandmothers raising grandchildren: The contribution of child behavior problems, physical health, and family resources

Research in Nursing and Health

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 373-385

  Kelley, Susan J ^a   Whitley, Deborah M ^a   Campos, Peter E ^a  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Caregiving; Child behavior; Grandchildren; Grandparents; Intergenerational families; Psychological distress

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; CAREGIVING; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CHILD REARING; DISTRESS SYNDROME; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GRANDCHILD; GRANDPARENTS; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; INFANT; INTERGENERATIONAL FAMILIES; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED STATES; VERY ELDERLY;

CAREGIVING; CHILD BEHAVIOR; GRANDCHILDREN; GRANDPARENTS; INTERGENERATIONAL FAMILIES; PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD REARING; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FAMILY; FINANCIAL SUPPORT; HEALTH RESOURCES; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INFANT; INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PARENTING; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84880636180     PISSN: 01606891     EISSN: 1098240X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/nur.21542     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
2. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
3. Bachman, H. J., & Chase-Landsdale, P. L. (2005). Custodial grandmothers' physical, mental, and economic well-being: Comparisons of primary caregivers from low-income neighborhoods. Family Relations, 54, 475-487. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2005.00334.x
4. Baird, A. (2003). Through my eyes: Service needs of grandparents who raise their grandchildren, from the perspective of a custodial grandmother. In J. B. Hayslip & J. H. Patrick (Eds.), Working with custodial grandparents (pp. 59-65). New York, NY: Springer.
5. Blustein, J., Chan, S., & Guanais, F. C. (2004). Elevated depressive symptoms among caregiving grandparents. Health Services Research, 39, 1671-1689. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00312.x
6. Cearlock, D. M., & Laude-Flaws, M. (1997). Stress, immune function, and the older adult. MLO: Medical Laboratory Observer, 29(10), 36-64. Retrieved from http://www.mlo-online.com/
7. Chaffin, M., & Friedrich, W. (2004). Evidence-based treatments in child abuse and neglect. Children and Youth Services Review, 26, 1109-1113. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.08.008
8. Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Academic Press.
9. Conway, F., Jones, S., & Speakes-Lewis, A. (2011). Emotional strain in caregiving among African American grandmothers raising their grandchildren. Journal of Women & Aging, 23, 113-128. doi: 10.1080/08952841.2011.561142
10. Dellmann-Jenkins, M., Blankemeyer, M., & Olesh, M. (2002). Adults in expanded grandparent roles: Considerations for practice, policy, and research. Educational Gerontology, 28, 219-235. doi: 10.1080/036012702753542526
11. Derogatis, L. R., & Savitz, K. L. (1999). The SCL-90-R, Brief Symptom Inventory, and matching clinical rating scales. In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment (2nd ed., pp. 679-724). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
12. Dolbin-MacNab, M. L. (2006). Just like raising your own? Grandmothers' perceptions of parenting a second time around. Family Relations, 55, 564-575. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00426.x
13. Dougherty, C., & Thompson, E. (2009). Intimate partner physical and mental health after sudden cardiac arrest and receipt of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Research in Nursing & Health, 32, 432-442. doi: 10.1002/nur.20330
14. Dowdell, E. B. (2004). Grandmother caregivers and caregiver burden. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 29, 299-304. doi: 10.1097/00005721-200409000-00007
15. Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Deal, A. G. (1999). Supporting and strengthening families: Methods, strategies, and practices (Vol. I). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
16. Dunst, C. J., Trivette, C. M., & Hamby, D. W. (1994). Measuring social support in families with young children with disabilities. In C. J. Dunst, C. M. Trivette, & A. G. Deal (Eds.), Supporting and strengthening families: Methods, strategies and practices (pp. 152-160). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
17. Fredman, L., Cauley, J. A., Hochberg, M., Ensrud, K. E., & Doros, G. (2010). Mortality associated with caregiving, general stress, and caregiving-related stress in elderly women: Results of caregiver-study of osteoporotic fractures. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58, 937-943. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02808.x
18. Fuller-Thomson, E., & Minkler, M. (2000a). African American grandparents raising grandchildren: A national profile of demographic and health characteristics. Health and Social Work, 25, 109-118. Retrieved from http://www.naswpress.org/publications/journals/hsw.html
19. Fuller-Thomson, E., & Minkler, M. (2000b). America's grandparent caregivers: Who are they? In B. Hayslip & R. Goldberg-Glen (Eds.), Grandparents raising grandchildren: Theoretical, empirical and clinical perspectives (pp. 307-326). New York, NY: Springer.
20. Gaugler, J. E., Linder, J., Given, C. W., Kataria, R., Tucker, G., & Regine, W. F. (2009). Family cancer caregiving and negative outcomes: The direct and mediational effects of psychosocial resources. Journal of Family Nursing, 15, 417-447. doi: 10.1177/1074840709347111
21. Goodman, C. C. (2003). Intergenerational triads of grandparent-headed families. Journal of Gerontology, 58B(5), S281-S289. http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/210118978?accountid=11226
22. Goodman, C. C., Potts, M. K., & Pasztor, E. M. (2007). Caregiving grandmothers with vs. without child welfare system involvement: Effects of expressed need, formal services, and informal social support on caregiver burden. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 428-441. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.10.002
23. Haglund, K. (2000). Parenting a second time around: An ethnography of African American grandmothers parenting grandchildren due to parental cocaine abuse. Journal of Family Nursing, 6, 120-135. doi: 10.1177/107484070000600203
24. Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., LaPierre, T. A., & Luo, Y. (2007). All in the family: The impact of caring for grandchildren on grandparents' health. Journal of Gerontology:Social Sciences, 62B, S108-S119. doi: 10.1093/geronb/62.2.S108
25. Kelley, S. J. (1993). Caregiver stress in grandparents raising grandchildren. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 25, 331-337. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1993.tb00268.x
26. Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2010). Grandmothers raising grandchildren: Results of an intervention to improve health outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42, 379-386. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01371.x
27. Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2011). Behavior problems in children raised by grandmothers: The role of caregiver distress, family resources, and the home environment. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2138-2145. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.021
28. Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2013). African American caregiving grandmothers: Results of an intervention to improve health indicators and health promotion behaviors. Journal of Family Nursing, 19, 53-73. doi: 10.1177/1074840712462135
29. Kelley, S., Whitley, D., Sipe, T., & Yorker, B. (2000). Psychological distress in grandmother kinship care providers: The role of resources, social support, and physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 311-321. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00146-5
30. Kelley, S., Yorker, B. C., Whitley, D. M., & Sipe, T. A. (2001). Multimodal intervention for grandparents raising grandchildren: Results of an exploratory study. Child Welfare, 80, 27-50. Retrieved from http://www.cwla.org/articles/cwjabstracts.htm
31. Leder, S., Grinstead, L. N., & Torres, E. (2007). Grandparents raising grandchildren: Stressors, social support, and health outcomes. Journal of Family Nursing, 13, 333-352. doi: 10.1177/1074840707303841
32. Lee, S., Colditz, G., Berkman, L., & Kawachi, I. (2003). Caregiving to children and grandchildren and risk of coronary heart disease in women. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1939-1944. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.93.11.1939
33. McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, A. I., Futrell, A., & McCubbin, M. A. (1997). Promoting resiliency in families and children at risk: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin System.
34. Minkler, M., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (1999). The health of grandparents raising grandchildren: Results of a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1384-1389. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1384
35. Minkler, M., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (2005). African American grandparents raising grandchildren: A national study using the 2000 American Community Survey. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B, 60(2), S82-S92. doi: 10.1093/geronb/60.2.S82
36. Musil, C. M., & Ahmad, M. (2002). Health of grandmothers: A comparison by caregiver status. Journal of Aging and Health, 14, 96-121. doi: 10.1177/089826430201400106
37. Musil, C. M., Gordon, N. L., Warner, C. B., Zauszniewski, J. A., Standing, T., & Wykle, M. (2011). Grandmothers and caregiving to grandchildren: Continuity, change, and outcomes over 24 months. The Gerontologist, 51, 86-100. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnq061
38. Musil, C., Warner, C., Zauszniewski, J., Wykle, M., & Standing, T. (2009). Grandmother caregiving, family stress and strain, and depressive symptoms. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 31, 389-408. doi: 10.1177/0193945908328262
39. Pacifici, C., Delaney, R., White, L., Nelson, C., & Cummings, C. (2006). Web-based training for foster, adoptive, and kinship parents. Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 226-246. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.02.003
40. Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 45, 90-106. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/211017277?accountid=11226
41. Ross, M. E. T., & Aday, L. A. (2006). Stress and coping in African American grandparents who are raising their grandchildren. Journal of Family Issues, 27, 912-932. doi: 10.1177/0192513X06287167
42. Saunders, M. (2009). Indicators of health-related quality of life in heart failure family caregivers. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 26, 173-182. doi: 10.1080/07370010903259196
43. Smith, G. C. (2003). How caregiving grandparents view support groups: An exploratory study. In J. B. Hayslip, & J. H. Patrick (Eds.), Working with custodial grandparents (pp. 69-91). New York, NY: Springer.
44. Thomas J. L. Sperry, L., & Yarbrough, M. S. (2000). Grandparents as parents: Research findings and policy recommendations. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 31, 3-22. doi: 10.1023/A:1001969920389
45. U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Facts for features. Retrieved September 18, 2010, from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb09-ff16.html
46. Ware, J. E. (1993). SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and interpretation guide. Boston, MA: New England Medical Center, The Health Institute.
47. Whitley, D. M., Kelley, S. J., & Campos, P. E. (2011). Perceptions of family empowerment in African American custodial grandmothers raising grandchldren: Thoughts for research and practice. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 92, 383-389. doi: 10.1606/1044-3894.4148
48. Whitley, D. M., Kelley, S. J., & Sipe, T. A. (2001). Grandmothers raising grandchildren: Are they at increased risk of health problems? Health & Social Work, 26, 105-114.