The theory and practice of meles zenawi: A response to alex dewaal

African Affairs

Volumn 112, Issue 448, 2013, Pages 460-470

  Lefort, René ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLITICAL THEORY; THEORETICAL STUDY;

MELES;

EID: 84880626208     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: 14682621     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adt021     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Alex deWaal, 'The theory and practice of Meles Zenawi', African Affairs 112, 446 (2013), pp. 148-55, p. 155.
2. Gebru Tareke, The Ethiopian Revolution - War in the Horn of Africa (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2009), p. 102.
3. Alex deWaal, 'The theory and practice of Meles Zenawi', African Affairs 112, 446 (2013), pp. 152-4.
4. Meles Zenawi, 'Africa development: dead ends and new beginnings' (Preliminary draft, Addis Ababa, 6 August 2006), p. 10.
5. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', p. 153.
6. Ian Taylor, 'Botswana as a "development-oriented gate-keeping state": a response', African Affairs 111, 444 (2012), pp. 466-76, p. 466.
7. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', pp. 148 and 150.
8. Zenawi, 'Africa development', p. 9
9. Christopher Clapham, 'Post-war Ethiopia: the trajectories of crisis', Review of African Political Economy 36, 120 (2009), pp.181-92.
10. These quotes are from an internal EPRDF document, 'Strategy of revolutionary democracy, tactics and the question of leadership' (Unofficial translation, Addis Ababa, January 2007)
11. Sarah Vaughan and Kjetil Tronvoll, 'The culture of power in contemporary Ethiopian political life' (Sidastudies 10, Stockholm, 2003), p. 11.
12. Gebru Tareke, The Ethiopian Revolution - War in the Horn of Africa (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT and London, 2009), p. 89.
13. René Lefort, 'Free market economy, "developmental state"and party/state hegemony in Ethiopia: the case of the "model farmers"', Journal of Modern African Studies 50, 4 (2012), pp. 681-706, p. 701.
14. EPRDF, 'The EPRDF's rural development vision - an overview', summarized in Renewal (Tehadso), Special Issue 3 (April 2002), unofficial translation, para 2.1.2.
15. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', p. 154.
16. EPRDF, 'Our revolutionary democratic goals and the next step' (EPRDF, Addis Ababa, June 1993). Extracts from this internal document were published in Ethiopian Register, June 1996, p. 7.
17. Zenawi, 'Africa development', p. 13. Peasants make up more than four-fifths of Ethiopia's population.
18. See for example Kjetil Tronvoll, 'The Ethiopian 2010 federal and regional elections: reestablishing the one party state', African Affairs 110, 438 (2011), pp. 121-36.
19. Particularly after Meles's death (20 August 2012), the durability of this domination has become an open question. See René Lefort, 'Meles rules from beyond the grave, but for how long?', Open Democracy, (11 February 2013).
20. Access Capital, 'Ethiopia: Macroeconomic Handbook 2011-12' (Addis Ababa, 2011), p. 3.
21. Jon Abbink, 'Ethnic-based federalism and ethnicity in Ethiopia: reassessing the experiment after 20 years', Journal of Eastern African Studies 5, 4 (2011), pp. 596-618, p. 596.
22. Clélie Nallet, 'The "Ethiopian middle class": new social force and new stabilizing power for the ruling party?', draft, PhD dissertation, Les Afriques dans le monde, Sciences Politiques, Bordeaux (France), p. 12.
23. Lefort, 'Free market economy', p. 698.
24. Nallet, 'The "Ethiopian middle class"', p. 13.
25. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', p. 154.
26. Ken Ohashi, 'National ideologies, national blinders', Addis Fortune, Addis Ababa, 12 June 2011. Ohashi was the formerWorld Bank representative.
27. World Bank, 'Ethiopia: rethinking development assistance' (World Bank, August 2010), p. 19.
28. 'Remarks of Susan Rice at the funeral of Prime Minister Meles Zenawi', US Mission to the United Nations, 2 September 2012, .
29. Alemayu Mariam, 'Ethiopia: dictatorship is state terrorism', 3 October 2011, (11 February 2013).
30. Tareke, The Ethiopian Revolution, p. 9.
31. Interviews, civil servants, Addis Ababa, 11-16 October 2012
32. Lefort, 'Free market economy', pp. 693-4.
33. Amartya Sen, Commodities and Capabilities (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999)
34. Kristin Davis et al., 'In-depth assessment of the public agricultural extension system of Ethiopia and recommendations for improvement' (IFPRI Discussion Paper 01041, IFPRI, 2010), p. 11.
35. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', p. 153.
36. Lefort, 'Free market economy', pp. 698-9.
37. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', p. 153.
38. Tilman Altenburg, 'Industrial policy in Ethiopia' (Discussion Paper, German Development Institute, Bonn, February 2010), p. 2.
39. Ken Ohashi, 'Is Ethiopia in a low productivity trap?', Addis Fortune, 4 December 2009
40. World Bank and International Monetary Fund, 'Country partnership strategy for the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia' (Report No. 71884-ET, Washington, 29 August 2012), p. 11.
41. Jean-François Bayart, 'Le concept de situation thermidorienne: régimes néo-révolutionnaires et libéralisation économique' (Working Paper, Centre d'Études et de Recherches Internationales, Paris, March 2008), p. 11.
42. See Transparency International, 'The Corruption Index 2012', (11 February 2013).
43. By far the highest employer, with close to one million civil servants. See Access Capital, Ethiopia, p. 6.
44. For example,World Bank, 'Ethiopia: rethinking development', p. 7.
45. International Development Association and International Monetary Fund, 'The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper' (IMF Country Report No. 11/303, October 2011,Washington, DC), p. 10.
46. Interviews, leaders of these organizations, Addis Ababa, 12 and 14 October 2012
47. 'Industry, value added (% of GDP)', World Bank, (11 February 2013).
48. 'Human Development Reports', UNDP, (11 February 2013).
49. Bloomberg, 'Ethiopia coaxes investors as it struggles to finance growth plan', 11 February 2013, p. 1.
50. African Development Bank Group, 'African Economic Outlook 2012' (African Development Bank Group, Tunis, 2012), p. 26.
51. World Bank, 'Ethiopia: rethinking development', p. 19.
52. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, 'Growth and Transformation Plan 2010/11-2014/15' (MoFED, Addis Ababa, July 2010), p. 27.
53. World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, 'Economy Profile: Ethiopia - doing business 2013' (World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, Washington D.C., 2013), p. 5.
54. World Bank and International Monetary Fund, 'Country Partnership Strategy', p. 11.
55. UNCTAD, 'World Investment Report 2012', (11 February 2013), p. 64.
56. Bloomberg, 'Ethiopia coaxes', p. 1.
57. World Bank, 'Ethiopia Economic Update' (Report 74385, World Bank, Washington, DC, November 2012), p. 7.
58. Ken Ohashi, 'The "middle way" to GTP implementation', Addis Fortune, 22May 2011
59. Access Capital, 'Ethiopia', p. 3.
60. EPRDF, 'Development, democracy and revolutionary democracy' (EPRDF, Addis Ababa, August 2006; this internal EPRDF document is believed to have been drafted by Meles Zenawi himself), p. 57.
61. Addis Fortune, 'Meles dismissive of, elusive on former WB director', 10 July 2011
62. deWaal, 'The theory and practice', p. 154.