Innovation profile: How the avahan HIV prevention program transitioned from the gates foundation to the government of India

Health Affairs

Volumn 32, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1265-1273

  Sgaier, Sema K ^a   Ramakrishnan, Aparajita ^a   Dhingra, Neeraj ^b   Wadhwani, Alkesh ^a   Alexander, Ashok ^a   Bennett, Sara ^c   Bhalla, Aparajita ^a   Kumta, Sameer ^a   Jayaram, Matangi ^a   Gupta, Pankaj ^a   Piot, Peter K ^d   Bertozzi, Stefano M ^a   Anthony, John ^e  

^a BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION   (United States)

^b National AIDS Control Organisation   (India)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^e Technical Support Unit   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BUDGET; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INDIA; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; SCALE UP; AIDS/HIV; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GLOBAL HEALTH STUDIES; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH PHILANTHROPY; HEALTH PROMOTION/DISEASE PREVENTION; NON PROFIT ORGANIZATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PUBLIC HEALTH; HIV INFECTIONS;

AIDS/HIV; GLOBAL HEALTH STUDIES; HEALTH PHILANTHROPY; HEALTH PROMOTION/DISEASE PREVENTION; PUBLIC HEALTH;

BUDGETS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FINANCING, GOVERNMENT; FOUNDATIONS; GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS; HEALTH PLAN IMPLEMENTATION; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INDIA; OWNERSHIP; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES; PROGRAM EVALUATION;

EID: 84880604408     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 15445208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0646     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The millennium development goals report 2010. New York (NY): UN; 2010.
2. Sachs J. The MDG decade: looking back and conditional optimism for 2015. Lancet. 2010;376(9745): 950-1.
3. Voelker R. One casualty of global economic crisis: uncertain finances for HIV/AIDS programs. JAMA. 2010;304(3):259-61.
4. Goosby E, Dybul M, Fauci AS, Fu J, Walsh T, Needle R, et al. The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: a story of partnerships and smart investments to turn the tide of the global AIDS pandemic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(Suppl 3):S51-6.
5. Collins C, Isbell M, Sohn A, Klindera K. Four principles for expanding PEPFAR's role as a vital force in US health diplomacy abroad. Health Aff(Millwood). 2012;31(7):1578-84.
6. Germain A. Ensuring the complementarity of country ownership and accountability for results in relation to donor aid: a response. Reprod Health Matters. 2011;19(38):141-5.
7. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Country ownership for a sustainable AIDS response: from principles to practice. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2012.
8. Lu C, Schneider MT, Gubbins P, Leach-Kemon K, Jamison D, Murray CJ. Public financing of health in developing countries: a cross-national systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9723):1375-87.
9. Bongaarts J, Over M. Global HIV/AIDS policy in transition. Science. 2010;328:1359-60.
10. Bossert TJ. Can they get along without us? Sustainability of donorsupported health projects in Central America and Africa. Soc Sci Med. 1990;30:1015-23.
11. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: five-year strategy [Internet]. Washington (DC): PEPFAR; 2009 [cited 2013 Jun 11]. Available from: http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/133035.pdf
12. Slob A, Jerve AM. Managing aid exit and transformation: lessons from Botswana, Eritrea, India, Malawi, and South Africa: synthesis report. Stockholm: Sida; 2008.
13. Coury JP, Lafebre A. The USAID population program in Ecuador: a graduation report. Washington (DC): Population Technical Assistance Project; 2001.
14. Centre for Sexual and Reproductive Health. India Healthy Highways- substantive phase: PRC submission. London: John Snow International; 2000.
15. Rogers BL, Macias KE. Program graduation and exit strategies: a focus on Title II food aid development programs. Washington (DC): Academy for Educational Development Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project; 2004.
16. Levinger B, McLeod J. Hello I must be going: ensuring quality services and sustainable benefits through well-designed exit strategies. Newton (MA): Education Development Center; 2002.
17. Shediac-Rizkallah MC, Bone LR. Planning for the sustainability of community-based health programs: conceptual frameworks and future directions for research, practice and policy. Health Educ Res. 1998;13(1): 87-108.
18. Hanh TT, Hill PS, Kay BH, Quy TM. Development of a framework for evaluating the sustainability of community-based dengue control projects. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80(2):312-8.
19. Phillips JF, Simmons R, Simmons GB, Yunus M. Transferring health and family planning service innovations to the public sector: an experiment in organization development in Bangladesh. Stud Fam Plann. 1984;15(2):62-73.
20. Claeson M, Alexander A. Tackling HIV in India: evidence-based priority setting and programming. Health Aff(Millwood). 2008;27(4): 1091-102.
21. National AIDS Control Organisation. Sentinel surveillance data. New Delhi: NACO; 2003.
22. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Avahan-the India AIDS initiative: the business of HIV prevention at scale. New Delhi: The Foundation; 2008.
23. To access the Appendix, click on the Appendix link in the box to the right of the article online.
24. Piot P. Setting new standards for targeted HIV prevention: the Avahan initiative in India. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(Suppl 1):i1-2.
25. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The power to tackle violence: Avahan's experience with community led crisis response in India. New Delhi: The Foundation; 2009.
26. Laga M, Galavotti C, Sundararaman S, Moodie R. The importance of sexworker interventions: the case of the Avahan program in India. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(Suppl 1): i6-7.
27. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Use it or lose it: how Avahan used data to shape its HIV prevention efforts in India. New Delhi: The Foundation; 2008.
28. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Managing HIV prevention from the ground up: Avahan's experience with peer led outreach at scale in India. New Delhi: The Foundation; 2009.
29. Mabuchi S, Singh S, Bishu R, Bennett S. Management characteristics of successful public health programs: "Avahan" HIV prevention program in India. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2012. [Epub ahead of print].
30. Wheeler T, Kiran U, Dallabetta G, Jayaram M, Chandrasekaran P, Tangri A, et al. Learning about scale, measurement, and community mobilisation: reflections on the implementation of the Avahan HIV/AIDS initiative in India. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012; 66(Suppl 2):ii16-25.
31. Scheirer MA. Is sustainability possible? A review and commentary on empirical studies of program sustainability. Am J Eval. 2005;26(3): 320-47.
32. Tran N, Bennett S, Bishnu R, Singh S. The influence of the Avahan program on HIV/AIDS prevention thinking, policy and practice in India. Paper presented at: Nineteenth International AIDS Conference; Washington, DC; 2012 Jul 22-27.
33. National AIDS Control Organisation. Operations manual for Strategic Information Management Unit. New Delhi: NACO; 2007.
34. National AIDS Control Organisation. Targeted interventions under NACP III: operational guidelines. Vol. I: Core high risk groups. New Delhi: NACO; 2007.
35. Bennett S, Singh S, Ozawa S, Tran N, Kang JS. Sustainability of donor programs: evaluating and informing the transition of a large HIV prevention program in India to local ownership. Glob Health Action. 2011;4.
36. McKinsey and Company. NACO organizational assessment. New Delhi: McKinsey and Company; 2009.
37. Pluye P, Potvin L, Denis J-L. Making public health programs last: conceptualizing sustainability. Eval Program Plann. 2004;27:121-33.
38. Johnson K, Hays C, Center H, Daley C. Building capacity and sustainable intervention innovations: a sustainability planning model. Eval Program Plann. 2004;27:135-49.
39. Verma R, Shekhar A, Khobragade S, Adhikary R, George B, Ramesh BM, et al. Scale-up and coverage of Avahan: a large-scale HIV-prevention programme among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in four Indian states. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(Suppl 1): i76-82.
40. Ng M, Gakidou E, Levin-Rector A, Khera A, Murray CJ, Dandona L. Assessment of population-level effect of Avahan, an HIV-prevention initiative in India. Lancet. 2011; 378(9803):1643-52.
41. Gruen RL, Elliott JH, Nolan ML, Lawton PD, Parkhill A, Mclaren CJ, et al. Sustainability science: an integrated approach for healthprogramme planning. Lancet. 2008;372:1579-89.
42. Pluye P, Potvin L, Denis JL, Pelletier J. Program sustainability: focus on organizational routines. Health Promot Int. 2004;19(4):489-500.