Cyberstalking in the UK: Analysis and recommendations

International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 34-51

  Maple, Carsten ^a   Short, Emma ^a   Brown, Antony ^a   Bryden, Chris ^b   Salter, Michael ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BEDFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^b Chambers of Timothy Raggatt QC   (United Kingdom)

^c Ely Place Chambers ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bullying; Communication Systems; Harassment; Legal; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); Stalking; Technology; Trauma

Indexed keywords

BULLYING; HARASSMENT; LEGAL; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; STALKING; TRAUMA;

INTERNET TELEPHONY; TECHNOLOGY; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS;

EID: 84880555740     PISSN: 19473532     EISSN: 19473540     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4018/jdst.2012100104     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. ACLU v. Reno 521 U.S. 844 (1997).
2. Alexy, E., Burgess, A. W., Baker, T., & Smoyak, S. (2005). Perceptions of cyberstalking among college students. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5, 279-289. doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhi020
3. Baer, M. (2010). Cyberstalking and the Internet landscape we have constructed. Virginia Journal of Law & Technology, 15(154).
4. Basu, S., & Jones, R. (2007). Regulating cyberstalking. Journal of Information, Law and Technology, 2007 (2).
5. Baum, K., Catalano, S., & Rand, M. (2009). Stalking victimization in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved June 15, 2011, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/svus.pdf
6. Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005). Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 39-51. doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.39
7. Bocij, P. (2004). Cyberstalking: Harassment in the Internet age and how to protect your family. Westport, CT: Praeger.
8. Bocij, P., & McFarlane, L. (2002). Online harassment: Towards a definition of cyberstalking. Prison Service Journal, 139, 31-38.
9. Bryden, C., & Salter, M. (2009). I CAN see you: Harassment and stalking on the Internet. Information & Communications Technology Law, 18(2), 99-122. doi:10.1080/13600830902812830
10. CTIA. (2010). The wireless association's semi-annual wireless industry survey. Retrieved June 18, 2011, from http://files.ctia.org/pdf/CTIA-Survey- Year-End-2010-Graphics.pdf
11. ETK v. News Group Newspapers Limited (2011) EWCA Civ 439
12. Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K. J., & Wolak, J. (2000). Online victimization: A report on the nation's youth. Alexandria, VA: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
13. Foa, E. B., Tolin, D. F., Ehllers, A., Clark, D. M., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 303-314. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11. 3.303
14. Konings, B., Piendl, D., Schaub, F., & Weber, M. (2011). PrivacyJudge: Effective privacy controls for online published information. In Proceedings of the IEEE Third International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust.
15. Lenhart, A., Arafeh, S., Smith, A., & Macgill, A. R. (2008). Writing, technology and teens. Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2008/Writing-Technology-and- Teens.aspx
16. McCall, R. (1993). Online harassment and cyberstalking: Victim access to crisis, referral and support services in Canada, concepts and recommendations. Retrieved from http://www.vaonline.org
17. Mechanic, M. B., Uhlmansiek, M. H., Weaver, T. L., & Resick, P. A. (2000). The impact of severe stalking experienced by acutely battered women: An examination of violence, psychological symptoms, and strategic responding. Violence and Victims, 15, 443-458.
18. Meloy, J. R. (2007). Stalking: The state of the science. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 17, 1-7. doi:10.1002/cbm.642
19. Mitchell, K. J., Becker-Blease, K. A., & Finkelhor, D. (2005). Inventory of problematic internet experiences encountered in clinical practice. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 36, 498-509. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.498
20. Mullen, P. E., Pathé, M., & Purcell, R. (2000). Stalkers and their victims. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/ CBO9781139106863
21. Mullen, P. E., Pathé, M., & Purcell, R. (2004). Stalking: Defining and prosecuting a new category of offending. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 27, 157-169. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.01.006
22. Pathé, M. T., Mullen, P. E., & Purcell, R. (2000). Same-gender stalking. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 28, 191-197.
23. Petch, E. (2002). Anti-stalking laws and the Protection from Harassment Act 1997. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 13, 19-34. doi:10.1080/ 09585180210123267
24. Protection from Harassment Act 1997, Chapter 40 [UK]. (1997). Retrieved September 7, 2009, from the Office of Public Sector Information site at http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1997/ukpga-19970040-en-1
25. Rosen, L. D., Chang, J., Erwin, L., Carrier, L. M., & Cheever, N. A. (2009). The relationship between "textisms" and formal and informal writing among young adults. Communication Research, 37(3), 420-440. doi:10.1177/0093650210362465
26. Sheridan, L., & Boon, J. (2002). Stalker typologies: Implications for law enforcement. In Boon, J., & Sheridan, L. (Eds.), Stalking and psychosexual obsession: Psychological perspectives for prevention, policing and treatment (pp. 63-82). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
27. Sheridan, L., & Grant, T. (2007). Is cyberstalking different? Psychology, Crime & Law, 13(6), 627-640. doi:10.1080/10683160701340528
28. Short, E., & Maple, C. (2011, July 20-26). The impact of cyberstalking: Review and analysis of the ECHO Project. In Proceedings of the IADIS Multiconference on Computer Science and Information Systems Collaborative Technologies Conference, Rome, Italy (pp. 277-285).
29. Spitzberg, B. H., & Hoobler, G. (2002). Cyberstalking and the technologies of interpersonal terrorism. New Media & Society, 4, 71-92. doi:10.1177/14614440222226271
30. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Lowe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
31. Walker, A., Kershaw, C., & Nicholas, S. (2006). Crime in England and Wales 2005/2006, Home Office Statistical Bulletin. Retrieved September 7, 2009, from http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/hosb1206.pdf
32. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1994). PTSD checklist - Civilian version. Boston, MA: National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division.