A review of ET measurement techniques for estimating the water requirements of urban landscape vegetation

Urban Water Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 247-259

  Nouri, Hamideh ^a   Beecham, Simon ^a   Kazemi, Fatemeh ^a,b   Hassanli, Ali Morad ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD   (Iran)

^c SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

evapotranspiration; normalized difference vegetation index; remote sensing; urban vegetation; WUCOLS

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; ESTIMATION METHOD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; GREENSPACE; IRRIGATION; LANDSCAPE; NDVI; POPULATION DYNAMICS; REMOTE SENSING; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; URBAN AREA; URBANIZATION; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; WATER BUDGET; WATER USE EFFICIENCY;

AUSTRALIA;

POACEAE;

EID: 84880511058     PISSN: 1573062X     EISSN: 17449006     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2012.726360     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Al-Kofahi, S.D., Hilaire, R.S., Samani, Z., Bean, M. and Stanton, L. 2010. Creating a landscape water budget calculator for a desert city. Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Supplement to HortScience, 45 (8): S262
2. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Howell, T.A. and Jensen, M.E. 2011. Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy. Agricultural Water Management, 98: 899 - 920.
3. Angus, D.E. and Watts, P.J. 1984. Evapotranspiration - how good is the Bowen ratio method?. Agricultural Water Management, 8 (1-3): 133 - 150.
4. AZMET, 2005. Tree and shrub irrigation water requirements in Northern Arizona. Tucson, Arizona: AZMET, The Arizona Meteorological Network, University of Arizona
5. AZMET. 2005. Tree and shrub irrigation water requirements in Northern Arizona, AZMET: The Arizona Meteorological Network, University of Arizona.
6. Barbosa, O. 2007. Who benefits from access to green space?. A case study from Sheffield, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83 (2-3): 187 - 195.
7. Barnett, G., Beaty, R.M., and Doherty, M. 2005. Urban greenspace: connecting people and nature. In: Proceedings of the second state of Australian cities conference, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
8. Beeson, R.C. 2006. Relationship of plant growth and actual evapotranspiration to irrigation frequency based on management allowed deficits for container nursery stock. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 131: 140 - 148.
9. Behera, S.K., Srivastava, P., Pathre, U.V. and Tuli, R. 2010. An indirect method of estimating leaf area index in jatropha curcas l. Using LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 150 (2): 307 - 311.
10. Ben-Gal, A. and Shani, U. 2002. A highly conductive drainage extension to control the lower boundary condition of lysimeters. Plant and Soil, 239: 9 - 17.
11. Bhantana, P. and Lazarovitch, N. 2010. Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and growth of two young pomegranate (punica granatum l.) varieties under salt stress. Agricultural Water Management, 97 (5): 715 - 722.
12. Billesbach, D.P. 2011. Estimating uncertainties in individual eddy covariance flux measurements: a comparison of methods and a proposed new method. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151 (3): 394 - 405.
13. Bitar, H. 2004. Public aesthetic preferences and efficient water use in urban parks, Melbourne, Australia: University of Melbourne. Thesis (PhD)
14. Boegh, E., Poulsen, R.N., Butts, M., Abrahamsen, P., Dellwik, E., Hansen, S., Hasager, C.B., Ibrom, A., Loerup, J.K., Pilegaard, K. and Soegaard, H. 2009. Remote sensing based evapotranspiration and runoff modeling of agricultural, forest and urban flux sites in denmark: from field to macro-scale. Journal of Hydrology, 377 (3-4): 300 - 316.
15. Cameron, D.A. and Mills, K. Tree water use, soil suctions and reference evapotranspiration in a semi-arid climate. In: Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated. pp. 295 - 300.
16. Cameron, K.C., Harrison, D.E., Smith, N.P. and Mclay, C.D.A. 1990. A method to prevent edge-flow in undisturbed soil cores and lysimeters. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 28: 879 - 886.
17. Castellví, F. and Snyder, R.L. 2010. A comparison between latent heat fluxes over grass using a weighing lysimeter and surface renewal analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 381 (3-4): 213 - 220.
18. Charlesworth, P., 2000. Irrigation insights number 1: soil moisture monitoring. National Program for Irrigation Research and Development, CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australia
19. Chen, J.M., Chen, X., Ju, W. and Geng, X. 2005. Distributed hydrological model for mapping evapotranspiration using remote sensing inputs. Journal of Hydrology, 305 (1-4): 15 - 39.
20. Contreras, S., Jobbágy, E.G., Villagra, P.E., Nosetto, M.D. and Puigdefábregas, J. 2011. Remote sensing estimates of supplementary water consumption by arid ecosystems of central Argentina. Journal of Hydrology, 397 (1-2): 10 - 22.
21. Costello, L.R. and Jones, K.S., 1994. WUCOLS: Water use classification of landscape species - a guide to the water needs of landscape plants. San Mateo and San Francisco Counties: University of California Cooperative Extension, California Department of Water Resources, 90
22. Costello, L.R. and Jones, K.S. 1999. WUCOLS - a guide to the water needs of landscape plants in California. San Mateo and San Francisco Counties: University of California Cooperative Extension, California Department of Water Resources
23. Costello, L.R., Matheny, N.P., and Clark, J.R., 2000. WUCOLS III: A guide to estimating irrigation water needs of landscape plantings in California: the landscape coefficient method. San Mateo and San Francisco Counties: University of California Cooperative Extension, California Department of Water Resources, 160
24. Courault, D., Seguin, B. and Olioso, A., 2003. Review to estimate evapotranspiration from remote sensing data: some examples from the simplified relationship to the use of meso scale atmospheric models. In: ICID workshop on remote sensing of ET for large regions, 17 September, Montpellier, France, 1-18
25. Courault, D., Seguin, B. and Olioso, A. Review to estimate evapotranspiration from remote sensing data: Some examples from the simplified relationship to the use of meso scale atmospheric models. ICID workshop on remote sensing of ET for large regions. pp. 1 - 18.
26. Courault, D., Seguin, B. and Olioso, A. 2005. Review on estimation of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data: From empirical to numerical modeling approaches. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 19 (3-4): 223 - 249.
27. Dalmago, G.A., Bergamaschi, H., Bergonci, J.I., Bianchi, C.a.M., Comiran, F. and Hecklere, B.M.M. Evapotranspiration in maize crops as function of soil tillage systems. In: 13th international soil conservation organisation conference.
28. Davis, S.L. and Dukes, M.D. 2010. Irrigation scheduling performance by evapotranspiration-based controllers. Agricultural Water Management, 98 (1): 19 - 28.
29. Denmead, O.T., Dunnin, F.X., Wong, S. and Greenwood, E.a.N. 1993. Measuring water use efficiency of eucalypt trees with chambers and micrometeorological techniques. Journal of Hydrology, 150: 649 - 664.
30. Dukes, M.D. 2009. Summary of ifas turf and landscape irrigation recommendations, Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Document no. ENH1114.
31. Fam, D., Mosley, E., Lopes, A., Mathieson, L., Morison, J. and Connellan, G. 2008. Irrigation of urban green spaces: a review of the environmental, social and economic benefits. Technical Report No. 04/08. Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures, Darling Heights, Qld, 35
32. Field, C., Berry, L.A. and Mooney, M.A. 1982. A portable system for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange rates of leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 5: 179 - 186.
33. Fritschen, L.J. 1993. Evapotranspiration rates of field crops determined by the bowen ratio method. Agronomy Journal, 58 (3): 339 - 342.
34. Fuentes, S., Palmer, A.R., Taylor, D., Zeppel, M., Whitley, R. and Eamus, D. 2008. An automated procedure for estimating the leaf area index (LAI) of woodland ecosystems using digital imagery, matlab programming and its application to an examination of the relationship between remotely sensed and field measurements of LAI. Functional Plant Biology, 35: 1070 - 1079.
35. García-Navarro, M.C., Evans, R.Y. and Montserrat, R.S. 2004. Estimation of relative water use among ornamental landscape species. Scientia Horticulturae, 99 (2): 163 - 174.
36. González-Altozano, P., Pavel, E.W., Oncins, J.A., Doltra, J., Cohen, M., Paço, T., Massai, R. and Castel, J.R. 2008. Comparative assessment of five methods of determining sap flow in peach trees. Agricultural Water Management, 95 (5): 503 - 515.
37. Green, S. 1998. Measurements of sap flow by the heat-pulse method Edited by: Hortresearch. HortResearch Internal rep. 1998/22. Palmerston North, New Zealand: HortResearch
38. Haley, M.B., Michael, D., Dukes, P.E. and Miller, G.L. 2007. Residential irrigation water use in central Florida. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 133 (5): 427 - 434.
39. Heiskanen, J., Rautiainen, M., Korhonen, L., Mõttus, M. and Stenberg, P. 2011. Retrieval of boreal forest LAI using a forest reflectance model and empirical regressions. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13 (4): 595 - 606.
40. Hilaire, R.S., Aronold, M.A., Wilkerson, D.C., Devitt, D.A., Hurd, B.H., Lesikar, B.J., Lohr, V.I., Martin, C.A., Mcdonald, G.V., Morris, R.L., Pittenger, D.R., Shaw, D.A. and Zoldoske, D.F. 2008. Efficient water use in residential urban landscapes, Alexandria, VA, ETATS-UNIS: American Society for Horticultural Science.
41. Jensen, M.E. Historical evolution of et estimating methods; a century of progressed. In: CSU/ARS Evapotranspiration Workshop.
42. Jiang, L., Islam, S., Guo, W., Singh Jutla, A., Senarath, S.U.S., Ramsay, B.H. and Eltahir, E. 2009. A satellite-based daily actual evapotranspiration estimation algorithm over south florida. Global and Planetary Change, 67 (1-2): 62 - 77.
43. Jim, C.Y. and Chen, W.Y. 2006. Impacts of urban environmental elements on residential housing prices in Guangzhou (China). Landscape and Urban Planning, 78 (4): 422 - 434.
44. Jonckheere, I., Fleck, S., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., Coppin, P., Weiss, M. and Baret, F. 2004. Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination: Part I. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photography. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121 (1-2): 19 - 35.
45. Kato, T., Kimura, R. and Kamichika, M. 2004. Estimation of evapotranspiration, transpiration ratio and water-use efficiency from a sparse canopy using a compartment model. Agricultural Water Management, 65 (3): 173 - 191.
46. Kilgren, D.C., Endter-Wada, J., Kjelgren, R.K. and Johnson, P.G. 2010. Implementing landscape water conservation in public school institutional settings: a case for situational problem solving. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 46 (6): 1205 - 1220.
47. Kizito, F., Sène, M., Dragila, M.I., Lufafa, A., Diedhiou, I., Dossa, E., Cuenca, R., Selker, J. and Dick, R.P. 2007. Soil water balance of annual crop-native shrub systems in Senegal's peanut basin: the missing link. Agricultural Water Management, 90 (1-2): 137 - 148.
48. Kohnke, H., Dreirebis, F.R. and Davidson, J.M. 1940. " A survey and discussion of lysimeters ". In Agriculture Washington, DC, United States
49. Kosugi, Y., Takanashi, S., Tanaka, H., Ohkubo, S., Tani, M., Yano, M. and Katayama, T. 2007. Evapotranspiration over a Japanese cypress forest. I. Eddy covariance fluxes and surface conductance characteristics for 3 years. Journal of Hydrology, 337 (3-4): 269 - 283.
50. Kotthaussue, S. and Grimmond, C.S.B. 2012. Identification of micro-scale anthropogenic CO2, heat and moisture sources - processing eddy covariance fluxes for a dense urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 57, 301-316
51. Kumagai, T.O., Aoki, S., Nagasawa, H., Mabuchi, T., Kubota, K., Inoue, S., Utsumi, Y. and Otsuki, K. 2005. Effects of tree-to-tree and radial variations on sap flow estimates of transpiration in Japanese cedar. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 135 (1-4): 110 - 116.
52. Kume, T., Onozawa, Y., Komatsu, H., Tsuruta, K., Shinohara, Y., Umebayashi, T. and Otsuki, K. 2010. Stand-scale transpiration estimates in a moso bamboo forest: (i) applicability of sap flux measurements. Forest Ecology and Management, 260 (8): 1287 - 1294.
53. Kustas, W.P. and Norman, J.M. 1994. Use of remote sensing for evapotranspiration monitoring over land surfaces. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 41 (4): 495 - 516.
54. López-Lozano, R., Baret, F., García De Cortázar-Atauri, I., Bertrand, N. and Casterad, M.A. 2009. Optimal geometric configuration and algorithms for LAI indirect estimates under row canopies. The case of vineyards. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149 (8): 1307 - 1316.
55. López-Serrano, F.R., Landete-Castillejos, T., Martínez-Millán, J. and Cerro-Barja, A.D. 2000. LAI estimation of natural pine forest using a non-standard sampling technique. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 101 (2-3): 95 - 111.
56. López-Urrea, R., Martín, De Santa Olalla, F., Fabeiro, C. and Moratalla, A. 2006. Testing evapotranspiration equations using lysimeter observations in a semi-arid climate. Agricultural Water Management, 85 (1-2): 15 - 26.
57. Lowry, J.H. Jr, Ramsey, R.D. and Kjelgren, R.K. 2011. Predicting urban forest growth and its impact on residential landscape water demand in a semiarid urban environment, Urban Forestry, Urban: Greening, 10, 193-204.
58. MacFarlane, C., Arndt, S.K., Livesley, S.J., Edgar, A.C., White, D.A., Adams, M.A. and Eamus, D. 2007a. Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest with vertical foliage, using cover and fullframe fisheye photography. Forest Ecology and Management, 242 (2-3): 756 - 763.
59. MacFarlane, C., Coote, M., White, D.A. and Adams, M.A. 2000. Photographic exposure affects indirect estimation of leaf area in plantations of eucalyptus globulus labill. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 100 (2-3): 155 - 168.
60. MacFarlane, C., Grigg, A. and Evangelista, C. 2007b. Estimating forest leaf area using cover and fullframe fisheye photography: thinking inside the circle. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 146 (1-2): 1 - 12.
61. MacFarlane, C., Hoffman, M., Eamus, D., Kerp, N., Higginson, S., Mcmurtrie, R. and Adams, M. 2007c. Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest using digital photography. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 143 (3-4): 176 - 188.
62. Madurapperuma, W.S., Bleby, T.M. and Burgess, S.S.O. 2009. Evaluation of sap flow methods to determine water use by cultivated palms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66 (3): 372 - 380.
63. Malek, E., Bingham, G.E. and Mccurdy, G.D. 1990. Evapotranspiration from the margin and moist playa of a closed desert valley. Journal of Hydrology, 120 (1-4): 15 - 34.
64. Mccabe, M.F. and Wood, E.F. 2006. Scale influences on the remote estimation of evapotranspiration using multiple satellite sensors. Remote Sensing of Environment, 105 (4): 271 - 285.
65. Millward, A.A. and Sabir, S. 2011. Benefits of a forested urban park: what is the value of allan gardens to the city of Toronto, Canada?. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100 (3): 177 - 188.
66. Min, Q. and Lin, B. 2006. Remote sensing of evapotranspiration and carbon uptake at harvard forest. Remote Sensing of Environment, 100 (3): 379 - 387.
67. Mitchell, P.J., Veneklaas, E., Lambers, H. and Burgess, S.S.O. 2009. Partitioning of evapotranspiration in a semi-arid eucalypt woodland in South-Western Australia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149 (1): 25 - 37.
68. Mitchell, V.G., Mein, R.G. and Mcmahon, T.A. 2001. Modelling the urban water cycle. Environmental Modelling and Software, 16 (7): 615 - 629.
69. Murphy, S. 2009. Perth residential water use study Perth, WA: Water Corporation
70. Mutiga, J.K., Su, Z. and Woldai, T. 2010. Using satellite remote sensing to assess evapotranspiration: case study of the upper Ewaso Ng'iro north basin, Kenya. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12 (Supplement 1)
71. Nagler, P.L., Scott, R.L., Westenburg, C., Cleverly, J.R., Glenn, E.P. and Huete, A.R. 2005. Evapotranspiration on western U.S. Rivers estimated using the enhanced vegetation index from modis and data from eddy covariance and bowen ratio flux towers. Remote Sensing of Environment, 97 (3): 337 - 351.
72. O'Connell, M., et al., 2010. Satellite remote sensing of crop water use in perennial horticultural crops. In: Australian irrigation conference 2010: one water many futures, Sydney, Australia
73. Osmond, P. Application of near-infrared hemispherical photography to estimate leaf area index of urban vegetation. In: The seventh international conference on. Japan
74. Pekin, B. and MacFarlane, C. 2009. Measurement of crown cover and leaf area index using digital cover photography and its application to remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 1 (4): 1298 - 1320.
75. Peper, P.J. and Mcpherson, E.G. 2003. Evaluation of four methods for estimating leaf area of isolated trees. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2 (1): 19 - 29.
76. Perez, P.J., Castellvi, F., Ibañez, M. and Rosell, J.I. 1999. Assessment of reliability of bowen ratio method for partitioning fluxes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97 (3): 141 - 150.
77. Perez, P.J., Castellvi, F. and Martínez-Cob, A. 2008. A simple model for estimating the bowen ratio from climatic factors for determining latent and sensible heat flux. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148 (1): 25 - 37.
78. Pittenger, D.R. and Henry, J.M. 2006. " Refinement of urban landscape water requirements ". In University of California Cooperative Extension, South and Central Coast and South Region
79. Pittenger, D.R. and Shaw, D.A. 2007. Review of research on water needs of landscape plants. In: symposium on efficient water use in the urban landscape, Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University.
80. Pittenger, D.R. and Shaw, D.A. 2010. Estimating water needs of urban landscapes. In: Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Supplement to HortScience, 45 (8) Palm Desert, California, S95
81. Qaiser, K., Ahmad, S., Johnson, W. and Batista, J. 2011. Evaluating the impact of water conservation on fate of outdoor water use: a study in an arid region. Journal of Environmental Management, 92 (8): 2061 - 2068.
82. Rana, G. and Katerji, N. 2000. Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate: a review. European Journal of Agronomy, 13 (2-3): 125 - 153.
83. Rosenberg, D.E., Kopp, K., Kratsch, H.A., Rupp, L., Johnson, P. and Kjelgren, R. 2011. Value landscape engineering: identifying costs, water use, labor, and impacts to support landscape choice. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 47 (3): 635 - 649.
84. Rothfuss, Y., Biron, P., Braud, I., Canale, L., Durand, J.-L., Gaudet, J.-P., Richard, P., Vauclin, M. and Bariac, T. 2010. Partitioning evapotranspiration fluxes into soil evaporation and plant transpiration using water stable isotopes under controlled conditions. Hydrological Processes, 24 (22): 3177 - 3194.
85. Sachs, R.M., Kretchun, T. and Mock, T. 1975. Minimum irrigation requirements for landscape plants. American Society of Horticultural science, 100: 499 - 502.
86. Salvador, R., Bautista-Capetillo, C. and Playán, E. 2011. Irrigation performance in private urban landscapes: a study case in Zaragoza (Spain). Landscape and Urban Planning, 100 (3): 302 - 311.
87. Scheiber, S.M. and Beeson, R.C. 2007. Landscape growth and aesthetic quality of coleus managed with irrigation deficits. HortTechnology, 17 (4): 561 - 566.
88. Schuch, U.K., Martin, E.C., Subramani, J. and Gibson, R. 2010. Effect of irrigation frequency on arid-adapted landscape trees. Annual conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Supplement to HortScience, 45 (8): S262 Palm Desert, California
89. Scott, R.L. 2010. Using watershed water balance to evaluate the accuracy of eddy covariance evaporation measurements for three semiarid ecosystems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 150 (2): 219 - 225.
90. Sellami, M.H. and Sifaoui, M.S. 2003. Estimating transpiration in an intercropping system: measuring sap flow inside the oasis. Agricultural Water Management, 59 (3): 191 - 204.
91. Silberstein, R., Held, A., Hatton, T., Viney, N. and Sivapalan, M. 2001. Energy balance of a natural jarrah (eucalyptus marginata) forest in western australia: measurements during the spring and summer. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 109 (2): 79 - 104.
92. Sobrino, J.A., Gómez, M., Jiménez-Muñoz, J.C. and Olioso, A. 2007. Application of a simple algorithm to estimate daily evapotranspiration from NOAA-AVHRR images for the Iberian peninsula. Remote Sensing of Environment, 110 (2): 139 - 148.
93. Spano, D., Snyder, R.L., Sirca, C. and Duce, P. 2009. Ecowat: a model for ecosystem evapotranspiration estimation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149 (10): 1584 - 1596.
94. Sprintsin, M., Cohen, S., Maseyk, K., Rotenberg, E., Grünzweig, J., Karnieli, A., Berliner, P. and Yakir, D. 2011. Long term and seasonal courses of leaf area index in a semi-arid forest plantation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151 (5): 565 - 574.
95. Stisen, S., Sandholt, I., Nørgaard, A., Fensholt, R. and Jensen, K.H. 2008. Combining the triangle method with thermal inertia to estimate regional evapotranspiration - applied to msg-seviri data in the Senegal river basin. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112 (3): 1242 - 1255.
96. Sun, H. and Kopp, K. 2010. Developing water balances of ornamental landscapes. Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Supplement to Horticultural Science, 45 (8): S263 Palm Desert, California
97. Tanaka, H., Hiyama, T., Kobayashi, N., Yabuki, H., Ishii, Y., Desyatkin, R.V., Maximov, T.C. and Ohta, T. 2008. Energy balance and its closure over a young larch forest in eastern Siberia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148 (12): 1954 - 1967.
98. Tasumi, M., Allen, R.G., Trezza, R. and Wright, J.L. 2005. Satellite-based energy balance to assess within-population variance of crop coefficient curves. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 131: 94 - 109.
99. Testi, L., Villalobos, F.J. and Orgaz, F. 2004. Evapotranspiration of a young irrigated olive orchard in southern spain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121 (1-2): 1 - 18.
100. Thornthwaite, C.W. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review, 38: 55 - 94.
101. Todd, R.W., Evett, S.R. and Howell, T.A. 2000. The bowen ratio-energy balance method for estimating latent heat flux of irrigated alfalfa evaluated in a semi-arid, advective environment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 103 (4): 335 - 348.
102. Trout, T. Remote sensing requirements for scheduling irrigations. NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration.
103. Trout, T., Johnson, L., Wang, D. and Clark, B. Comparison of two remote sensing approaches for et estimation in the San Joaquin valley. In: 5th national decennial irrigation conference proceedings. Phoenix Convention Center, Phoenix, AZ American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
104. Trout, T.J., Johnson, L.F. and Gartung, J. 2008. Remote sensing of canopy cover in horticultural crops. HortScience, 43 (2): 333 - 337.
105. Tsouni, A., Kontoes, C., Koutsoyiannis, D., Elias, P. and Mamassis, N. 2008. Estimation of actual evapotranspiration by remote sensing. Application in Thessaly plain, Greece. Sensors, 8 (6): 3586 - 3600.
106. Van Kamp, I., Leidelmeijer, K., Marsman, G. and De Hollander, A. 2003. Urban environmental quality and human well-being: towards a conceptual framework and demarcation of concepts; a literature study. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65 (1-2): 5 - 18.
107. Vaughan, P.J., Trout, T.J. and Ayars, J.E. 2007. A processing method for weighing lysimeter data and comparison to micrometeorological ET0 predictions. Agricultural Water Management, 88 (1-3): 141 - 146.
108. Villa Nova, N.A., Pereira, A.B. and Shock, C.C. 2007. Estimation of reference evapotranspiration by an energy balance approach. Biosystems Engineering, 96 (4): 605 - 615.
109. Wang, K., Wang, J., Wang, P., Sparrow, M., Yang, J. and Chen, H. 2007. Influences of urbanization on surface characteristics as derived from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer: a case study for the Beijing metropolitan area. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112 (D22): D22S06
110. Weiss, M., Baret, F., Smith, G.J., Jonckheere, I. and Coppin, P. 2004. Review of methods for in situ leaf area index (LAI) determination: part II. Estimation of LAI, errors and sampling. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 121 (1-2): 37 - 53.
111. White, R., Havlak, R., Nations, J., Pannkuk, T., Thomas, J., Chalmers, D. and Dewey, D. 2004. How much water is enough? Using pet to develop water budgets for residential landscapes, Texas: Texas Water Resources Institute.
112. Williams, D.G., Cable, W., Hultine, K., Hoedjes, J.C.B., Yepez, E.A., Simonneaux, V., Er-Raki, S., Boulet, G., De Bruin, H.a.R., Chehbouni, A., Hartogensis, O.K. and Timouk, F. 2004. Evapotranspiration components determined by stable isotope, sap flow and eddy covariance techniques. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 125 (3-4): 241 - 258.
113. Wilson, K.B., Hanson, P.J., Mulholland, P.J., Baldocchi, D.D. and Wullschleger, S.D. 2001. A comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components: sap-flow, soil water budget, eddy covariance and catchment water balance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 106 (2): 153 - 168.
114. Wu, C., Cheng, C., Lo, H. and Chen, Y. 2010. Study on estimating the evapotranspiration cover coefficient for stream flow simulation through remote sensing techniques. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12 (4): 225 - 232.
115. Yunusa, I.a.M., Walker, R.R. and Lu, P. 2004. Evapotranspiration components from energy balance, sapflow and microlysimetry techniques for an irrigated vineyard in inland australia. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 127 (1-2): 93 - 107.
116. Zhang, B., Kang, S., Li, F. and Zhang, L. 2008. Comparison of three evapotranspiration models to bowen ratio-energy balance method for a vineyard in an arid desert region of northwest china. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148 (10): 1629 - 1640.
117. Zhou, M.C., Ishidaira, H., Hapuarachchi, H.P., Magome, J., Kiem, A.S. and Takeuchi, K. 2006. Estimating potential evapotranspiration using Shuttleworth-Wallace model and NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data to feed a distributed hydrological model over the Mekong river basin. Journal of Hydrology, 327: 151 - 173.