Linking anti-predator behaviour to prey demography reveals limited risk effects of an actively hunting large carnivore

Ecology Letters

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1023-1030

  Middleton, Arthur D ^a,g   Kauffman, Matthew J ^a   Mcwhirter, Douglas E ^b   Jimenez, Michael D ^c   Cook, Rachel C ^d   Cook, John G ^d   Albeke, Shannon E ^a   Sawyer, Hall ^a,e   White, P J ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

^b WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT   (United States)

^c US Fish and Wildlife Service   (United States)

^d NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR AIR AND STREAM IMPROVEMENT   (United States)

^e WESTERN ECOSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC   (United States)

^f NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

^g Yale School of the Environment   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti predator behaviour; Drought; Elk; Grey wolf; Grizzly bear; Non consumptive effects; Predation risk; Predator hunting mode; Ungulate; Yellowstone

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880352246     PISSN: 1461023X     EISSN: 14610248     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12133     Document Type: Article

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