Natural, potential and actual vegetation in North America

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 772-776

  Jackson, Stephen T ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Hysteresis; Multiple stable states; Natural vegetation; North america; Paleoecology; Potential natural vegetation

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; CLIMATE VARIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; HYSTERESIS; PALEOECOLOGY; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 84880310594     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: 16541103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12004     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Betancourt, J.L., Van Devender, T.R. & Martin, P.S. (eds.) 1990. Woodrat middens: the last 40, 000 years of biotic change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, US.
2. Booth, R.K., Jackson, S.T., Sousa, V.A., Sullivan, M.E., Minckley, T.A. & Clifford, M. 2012. Multidecadal drought and amplified moisture variability drove rapid forest community change in a humid region. Ecology 93: 219-226.
3. Chapman, H.H. 1932. Is the longleaf type a climax? Ecology 13: 328-334.
4. Chiarucci, A., Araujo, M.B., Decocq, G., Beierkuhnlein, C. & Fernandez-Palacios, J.M. 2010. The concept of potential natural vegetation: an epitaph? Journal of Vegetation Science 21: 1172-1178.
5. Cowles, H.C. 1901. The physiographic ecology of Chicago and vicinity. Botanical Gazette, 31: 73-108.145-182.
6. Daubenmire, R. 1952. Forest vegetation of northern Idaho and adjacent Washington, and its bearing on concepts of vegetation classification. Ecological Monographs 22: 301-330.
7. Daubenmire, R. 1966. Vegetation: identification of typal communities. Science 151: 291-298.
8. Davis, M.B. 1981. Quaternary history and the stability of forest communities. In West, D.C., Shugart, H.H. & Botkin, D.B. (eds.) Forest succession: concepts and applications, pp. 132-154. Springer, New York, NY, US.
9. Davis, M.B., Calcote, R., Sugita, S. & Takahara, H. 1998. Patchy invasion and the origin of a hemlock-hardwoods forest mosaic. Ecology 79: 2641-2659.
10. Gill, J.L., Williams, J.W., Jackson, S.T., Lininger, K.B. & Robinson, G.S. 2009. Pleistocene megafaunal collapse, novel plant communities, and enhanced fire regimes in North America. Science 326: 1100-1103.
11. Gill, J.L., Williams, J.W., Jackson, S.T., Donnelly, J.P. & Schellinger, G.C. 2012. Climatic and megaherbivory controls on late-glacial vegetation dynamics: a new, high-resolution, multi-proxy record from Silver Lake, Ohio. Quaternary Science Reviews 34: 66-80.
12. Gray, S.T., Betancourt, J.L., Jackson, S.T. & Eddy, R.G. 2006. Role of multidecadal climatic variability in a range extension of pinyon pine. Ecology 87: 1124-1130.
13. Grossman, D.H., Faber-Langendoen, D., Weakley, A.S., Anderson, M., Bourgeron, P., Crawford, R., Goodin, K., Landaal, S., Metzler, K., Patterson, K.D., Pyne, M., Reid, M. & Sneddon, L. 1998. International classification of ecological communities: terrestrial vegetation of the United States. Volume I. The National Vegetation Classification System: development, status, and applications. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA, US.
14. Härdtle, W. 1995. On the theoretical concept of the potential natural vegetation and proposals for an up-to-date modification. Folia Geobotanica and Phytotaxonomica 30: 263-276.
15. Hotchkiss, S.C., Calcote, R. & Lynch, E.A. 2007. Response of vegetation and fire to Little Ice Age climate change: regional continuity and landscape heterogeneity. Landscape Ecology 22: 25-41.
16. Jackson, S.T. 2006. Vegetation, environment, and time: the origination and termination of ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 17: 549-557.
17. Jackson, S.T. 2012. Conservation and resource management in a changing world: Extending historical range-of-variability beyond the baseline. In Wiens, J., Regan, C., Hayward, G. & Safford, H. (eds.) Historical environmental variation in conservation and natural resource management, pp. 92-109. Blackwell Wiley, Oxford, UK.
18. Jackson, S.T., Betancourt, J.L., Booth, R.K. & Gray, S.T. 2009. Ecology and the ratchet of events: climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 19685-19692.
19. Kirkman, L.K. & Mitchell, R.J. 2006. Conservation management of Pinus palustris ecosystems from a landscape perspective. Applied Vegetation Science 9: 67-74.
20. Küchler, A.W. 1964. The potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. American Geographical Society, Special Publication No. 36. New York, NY, US.
21. Küchler, A.W. 1967. Vegetation mapping. Ronald Press, New York, NY, US.
22. Lyford, M.E., Jackson, S.T., Betancourt, J.L. & Gray, S.T. 2003. Influence of landscape structure and climate variability on a late Holocene plant migration. Ecological Monographs 73: 567-583.
23. McCune, B. & Allen, T.F.H. 1985. Will similar forests develop on similar sites? Canadian Journal of Botany 63: 367-376.
24. Millspaugh, S.H., Whitlock, C. & Bartlein, P.J. 2000. Variations in fire frequency and climate over the past 17 000 yr in central Yellowstone National Park. Geology 28: 211-214.
25. Mitchell, R.J., Hiers, J.K., O'Brien, J.J., Jack, S.B. & Engstrom, R.T. 2006. Silviculture that sustains: the nexus between silviculture, frequent prescribed fire, and conservation of biodiversity in longleaf pine forests of the southeastern United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 2724-2736.
26. Munoz, S.E., Gajewski, K. & Peros, M.C. 2010. Synchronous environmental and cultural change in the prehistory of the northeastern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 22008-22013.
27. Palmer, M.W. & White, P.S. 1994. On the existence of communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 5: 279-282.
28. Reiners, W.R. & Lockwood, J.A. 2010. Philosophical foundations for the practices of ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
29. Shuman, B.N., Newby, P. & Donnelly, J.P. 2009a. Abrupt climate change as an important agent of ecological change in the Northeast U.S. through the past 15, 000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews 28: 1693-1709.
30. Shuman, B., Henderson, A.K., Plank, C., Stefanova, I. & Ziegler, S.S. 2009b. Woodland-to-forest transition during prolonged drought in Minnesota after ca AD 1300. Ecology 90: 2279-2807.
31. Swetnam, T.W. & Betancourt, J.L. 1998. Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest. Journal of Climate 11: 3128-3147.
32. Vale, T.R. (ed.) 2002. Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape. Island Press, Washington DC, US.
33. Wahlenberg, W.G. 1946. Longleaf pine: its use, ecology, regeneration, protection, growth, and management. Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation, Washington, DC, US.
34. Webb, T. III 1981. The past 11, 000 years of vegetational change in eastern North America. BioScience 31: 501-506.
35. Webb, T. III 1986. Is vegetation in equilibrium with climate? How to interpret late-Quaternary pollen data. Vegetatio 67: 75-91.
36. Webb, T. III. 1988. Eastern North America. In B. Huntley, B. & Webb, T. III (eds.) Vegetation history, pp. 385-414. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, NL.
37. Whitlock, C. 1993. Postglacial vegetation and climate of Grand Teton and southern Yellowstone National Parks. Ecological Monographs 63: 173-198.
38. Williams, J.W., Shuman, B.N. & Webb, T. III 2001. Dissimilarity analyses of late-Quaternary vegetation and climate in eastern North America. Ecology 82: 3346-3362.
39. Williams, J.W., Shuman, B.N., Webb, T. III, Bartlein, P.J. & Leduc, P.L. 2004. Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: scaling from taxa to biomes. Ecological Monographs 74: 309-333.