메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 334-343

Savanna grass nitrogen to phosphorous ratio estimation using field spectroscopy and the potential for estimation with imaging spectroscopy

Author keywords

Estimation; Grass; N:P; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Savanna ecosystem; Spectroscopy; Water removed spectra

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; GRASS; LEAST SQUARES METHOD; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; REMOTE SENSING; SAVANNA; SPECTROSCOPY; VEGETATION MAPPING;

EID: 84880302184     PISSN: 15698432     EISSN: 1872826X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2012.10.009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (79)
  • 2
    • 50849144917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral and chemical analysis of tropical forests: scaling from leaf to canopy levels
    • Asner, G.P., Martin, R.E., 2008. Spectral and chemical analysis of tropical forests: scaling from leaf to canopy levels. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (10), 3958-3970.
    • (2008) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.112 , Issue.10 , pp. 3958-3970
    • Asner, G.P.1    Martin, R.E.2
  • 3
    • 0032010666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in leaf and litter optical properties: implications for BRDF model inversions using AVHRR, MODIS, and MISR
    • Asner, G.P., Wessman, C.A., Schimel, D.S., Archer, S., 1998. Variability in leaf and litter optical properties: implications for BRDF model inversions using AVHRR, MODIS, and MISR. Remote Sensing of Environment 63 (3), 243-257.
    • (1998) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-257
    • Asner, G.P.1    Wessman, C.A.2    Schimel, D.S.3    Archer, S.4
  • 4
    • 0027059532 scopus 로고
    • The relationships between soil factors, grass nutrients and the foraging behaviour of wildebeest and zebra
    • Ben-Shahar, R., Coe, M.J., 1992. The relationships between soil factors, grass nutrients and the foraging behaviour of wildebeest and zebra. Oecologia 90 (3), 422-428.
    • (1992) Oecologia , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 422-428
    • Ben-Shahar, R.1    Coe, M.J.2
  • 5
    • 52949107217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of herbivory, fire and N2-fixation on nutrient limitation in a humid African Savanna
    • Cech, P., Kuster, T., Edwards, P., Olde Venterink, H., 2008. Effects of herbivory, fire and N2-fixation on nutrient limitation in a humid African Savanna. Ecosystems 11 (6), 991-1004.
    • (2008) Ecosystems , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 991-1004
    • Cech, P.1    Kuster, T.2    Edwards, P.3    Olde Venterink, H.4
  • 6
    • 33644781472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new technique for extracting the red edge position from hyperspectral data: the linear extrapolation method
    • Cho, M.A., Skidmore, A.K., 2006. A new technique for extracting the red edge position from hyperspectral data: the linear extrapolation method. Remote Sensing of Environment 101 (2), 181-193.
    • (2006) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-193
    • Cho, M.A.1    Skidmore, A.K.2
  • 9
    • 48249099272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient concentration ratios and colimitation in South African grasslands
    • Craine, J.M., Morrow, C., Stock, W.D., 2008. Nutrient concentration ratios and colimitation in South African grasslands. New Phytologist 179 (3), 829-836.
    • (2008) New Phytologist , vol.179 , Issue.3 , pp. 829-836
    • Craine, J.M.1    Morrow, C.2    Stock, W.D.3
  • 10
    • 0024856758 scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of foliar chemistry
    • Curran, P.J., 1989. Remote sensing of foliar chemistry. Remote Sensing of Environment 30 (3), 271-278.
    • (1989) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-278
    • Curran, P.J.1
  • 11
    • 0034969185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the foliar biochemical concentration of leaves with reflectance spectrometry: testing the Kokaly and Clark methodologies
    • Curran, P.J., Dungan, J.L., Peterson, D.L., 2001. Estimating the foliar biochemical concentration of leaves with reflectance spectrometry: testing the Kokaly and Clark methodologies. Remote Sensing of Environment 76 (3), 349-359.
    • (2001) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-359
    • Curran, P.J.1    Dungan, J.L.2    Peterson, D.L.3
  • 13
    • 0034994102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-herbivore interactions and ecological stoichiometry: when do herbivores determine plant nutrient limitation
    • Daufresne, T., Loreau, M., 2001. Plant-herbivore interactions and ecological stoichiometry: when do herbivores determine plant nutrient limitation? Ecology Letters 4 (3), 196-206.
    • (2001) Ecology Letters , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 196-206
    • Daufresne, T.1    Loreau, M.2
  • 14
    • 0032551508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical note a new technique for interpolating the reflectance red edge position
    • Dawson, T.P., Curran, P.J., 1998. Technical note a new technique for interpolating the reflectance red edge position. International Journal of Remote Sensing 19 (11), 2133-2139.
    • (1998) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 2133-2139
    • Dawson, T.P.1    Curran, P.J.2
  • 15
    • 0002489910 scopus 로고
    • The herbivore as prisoner of its food supply
    • In: Andel, J.V., Bakker, J., Snydon, R.W. (Eds.), Disturbance in grasslands: Species and Population Resposes. Dr. W. Junk Publishing Company, Dordrecht.
    • Drent, R.H., Prins, H.H.T., 1987. The herbivore as prisoner of its food supply. In: Andel, J.V., Bakker, J., Snydon, R.W. (Eds.), Disturbance in grasslands: Species and Population Resposes. Dr. W. Junk Publishing Company, Dordrecht.
    • (1987)
    • Drent, R.H.1    Prins, H.H.T.2
  • 16
    • 0003732606 scopus 로고
    • Horses and Grasses: The Nutritional Ecology of Equids and their Impact on the CAMARGUE
    • Springer-Verlag, NY.
    • Duncan, P.B., 1992. Horses and Grasses: The Nutritional Ecology of Equids and their Impact on the CAMARGUE. Springer-Verlag, NY.
    • (1992)
    • Duncan, P.B.1
  • 17
    • 84950461478 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the error rate of a prediction rule: improvement on crossvalidation
    • Efron, B., 1983. Estimating the error rate of a prediction rule: improvement on crossvalidation. Journal of the American Statistical Association 78 (382), 316-331.
    • (1983) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.78 , Issue.382 , pp. 316-331
    • Efron, B.1
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0024476132 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants
    • Evans, J.R., 1989. Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants. Oecologia 78 (1), 9-19.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-19
    • Evans, J.R.1
  • 21
    • 27744451462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen detection with hyperspectral normalized ratio indices across multiple plant species
    • Ferwerda, J.G., Skidmore, A.K., Mutanga, O., 2005. Nitrogen detection with hyperspectral normalized ratio indices across multiple plant species. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 (18), 4083-4095.
    • (2005) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.26 , Issue.18 , pp. 4083-4095
    • Ferwerda, J.G.1    Skidmore, A.K.2    Mutanga, O.3
  • 23
    • 27744467719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Line transect in small and large regions
    • Fewster, R.M., Laake, J.L., Buckland, S.T., 2005. Line transect in small and large regions. Biometrics 61, 856-859.
    • (2005) Biometrics , vol.61 , pp. 856-859
    • Fewster, R.M.1    Laake, J.L.2    Buckland, S.T.3
  • 24
    • 0002634682 scopus 로고
    • The photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in wild plants
    • In: Givnish, T.J. (Ed.), On the Economy of Plant Form and Function. Cambridge Univesity Express, Cambridge
    • Field, C., Mooney, H.A., 1986. The photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in wild plants. In: Givnish, T.J. (Ed.), On the Economy of Plant Form and Function. Cambridge Univesity Express, Cambridge, pp. 25-55.
    • (1986) , pp. 25-55
    • Field, C.1    Mooney, H.A.2
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0028385711 scopus 로고
    • Extraction of dry leaf spectral features from reflectance spectra of green vegetation
    • Gao, B.-C., Goetz, A.F.H., 1994. Extraction of dry leaf spectral features from reflectance spectra of green vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment 47 (3), 369-374.
    • (1994) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-374
    • Gao, B.-C.1    Goetz, A.F.H.2
  • 27
    • 0028852929 scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of equivalent water thickness and information related to biochemical components of vegetation canopies from AVIRIS data
    • Gao, B.-C., Goetz, A.F.H., 1995. Retrieval of equivalent water thickness and information related to biochemical components of vegetation canopies from AVIRIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 52 (3), 155-162.
    • (1995) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-162
    • Gao, B.-C.1    Goetz, A.F.H.2
  • 28
    • 11144325691 scopus 로고
    • Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial
    • Geladi, P., Kowalski, B.R., 1986. Partial least-squares regression: a tutorial. Analytica Chimica Acta 185, 1-17.
    • (1986) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.185 , pp. 1-17
    • Geladi, P.1    Kowalski, B.R.2
  • 29
    • 0012675134 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between dry ashing and wet digestion in preparation of plant material for atomic absorption analysis
    • Giron, H.C., 1973. Comparison between dry ashing and wet digestion in preparation of plant material for atomic absorption analysis. Atomic Absorption Newsletter 12 (1), 28-29.
    • (1973) Atomic Absorption Newsletter , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-29
    • Giron, H.C.1
  • 30
    • 33645390840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of nutrient hot-spots in the conservation and management of large wild mammalian herbivores in semi-arid savannas
    • Grant, C.C., Scholes, M.C., 2006. The importance of nutrient hot-spots in the conservation and management of large wild mammalian herbivores in semi-arid savannas. Biological Conservation 130 (3), 426-437.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.130 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-437
    • Grant, C.C.1    Scholes, M.C.2
  • 31
    • 0003409382 scopus 로고
    • Methods of Seawater Analysis
    • Verlag Cheime, Weinhein, Germany.
    • Grasshoff, K., Erhardt, M., Kremling, K., 1983. Methods of Seawater Analysis. Verlag Cheime, Weinhein, Germany.
    • (1983)
    • Grasshoff, K.1    Erhardt, M.2    Kremling, K.3
  • 32
    • 6344280683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance
    • Güsewell, S., 2004. N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance. New Phytologist 164 (2), 243-266.
    • (2004) New Phytologist , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-266
    • Güsewell, S.1
  • 33
    • 0038038728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass N:P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation for plant populations in wetlands
    • Güsewell, S., Koerselman, W., Verhoeven, J.T.A., 2003. Biomass N:P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation for plant populations in wetlands. Ecological Application 13 (2), 372-384.
    • (2003) Ecological Application , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 372-384
    • Güsewell, S.1    Koerselman, W.2    Verhoeven, J.T.A.3
  • 34
    • 0002368445 scopus 로고
    • Data analysis: wavelength selection methods
    • In: William, P., Norris, K. (Eds.), Near Infrared Technology in the Agriculural and Food Industries. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St Paul, MN
    • Hruschka, W.R., 1987. Data analysis: wavelength selection methods. In: William, P., Norris, K. (Eds.), Near Infrared Technology in the Agriculural and Food Industries. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St Paul, MN, pp. 35-55.
    • (1987) , pp. 35-55
    • Hruschka, W.R.1
  • 35
    • 4544314243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating foliage nitrogen concentration from HYMAP data using continuum removal analysis
    • Huang, Z., Turner, B.J., Dury, S.J., Wallis, I.R., Foley, W.J., 2004. Estimating foliage nitrogen concentration from HYMAP data using continuum removal analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 93 (1-2), 18-29.
    • (2004) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.93 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 18-29
    • Huang, Z.1    Turner, B.J.2    Dury, S.J.3    Wallis, I.R.4    Foley, W.J.5
  • 37
    • 0035658432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen influence on fresh-leaf NIR spectra
    • Johnson, L.F., 2001. Nitrogen influence on fresh-leaf NIR spectra. Remote Sensing of Environment 78 (3), 314-320.
    • (2001) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-320
    • Johnson, L.F.1
  • 38
    • 79953222997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observing temporal and spatial variability of forage quality, ITC Dissertation
    • University of Twente Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation ITC, Enschede,
    • Knox, N.M., Skidmore, A.K., Prins, H.H.T., 2010. Observing temporal and spatial variability of forage quality, ITC Dissertation. University of Twente Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation ITC, Enschede, p. 165.
    • (2010) , pp. 165
    • Knox, N.M.1    Skidmore, A.K.2    Prins, H.H.T.3
  • 41
    • 0030302616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Vegetation N:P ratio: a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation
    • Koerselman, W., Meuleman, A.F.M., 1996. The Vegetation N:P ratio: a new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology 33 (6), 1441-1450.
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 1441-1450
    • Koerselman, W.1    Meuleman, A.F.M.2
  • 42
    • 0035144811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating a physical basis for spectroscopic estimates of leaf nitrogen concentration
    • Kokaly, R.F., 2001. Investigating a physical basis for spectroscopic estimates of leaf nitrogen concentration. Remote Sensing of Environment 75 (2), 153-161.
    • (2001) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-161
    • Kokaly, R.F.1
  • 43
    • 0033102275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and stepwise multiple linear regression
    • Kokaly, R.F., Clark, R.N., 1999. Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and stepwise multiple linear regression. Remote Sensing of Environment 67 (3), 267-287.
    • (1999) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-287
    • Kokaly, R.F.1    Clark, R.N.2
  • 44
    • 0013307067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging spectroscopy and vegetation science
    • In: Van Der Meer, F.D., De Jong, S.M. (Eds.), Image Spectroscopy. Kluver Academc Publishers, Dordrecht
    • Kumar, L., Schmidt, K.S., Dury, S., Skidmore, A.K., 2001. Imaging spectroscopy and vegetation science. In: Van Der Meer, F.D., De Jong, S.M. (Eds.), Image Spectroscopy. Kluver Academc Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 111-154.
    • (2001) , pp. 111-154
    • Kumar, L.1    Schmidt, K.S.2    Dury, S.3    Skidmore, A.K.4
  • 45
    • 0034764196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nutrients and shade on tree-grass interactions in an east African savanna
    • Ludwig, F., de Kroon, H., Prins, H.H.T., Berendse, F., 2001. Effects of nutrients and shade on tree-grass interactions in an east African savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science 12 (4), 579-588.
    • (2001) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 579-588
    • Ludwig, F.1    de Kroon, H.2    Prins, H.H.T.3    Berendse, F.4
  • 46
    • 0004005688 scopus 로고
    • Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Design and Analysis for Field Studies
    • Chapman and Hall, Madras.
    • Manly, B., McDonald, L., Thomas, D., 1993. Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Design and Analysis for Field Studies. Chapman and Hall, Madras.
    • (1993)
    • Manly, B.1    McDonald, L.2    Thomas, D.3
  • 47
    • 0003504512 scopus 로고
    • Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd ed
    • Academic Press, London.
    • Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London.
    • (1995)
    • Marschner, H.1
  • 48
    • 0030616809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High spectral resolution remote sensing of forest canopy lignin, nitrogen, and ecosystem processes
    • Martin, M.E., Aber, J.D., 1997. High spectral resolution remote sensing of forest canopy lignin, nitrogen, and ecosystem processes. Ecological Application 7 (2), 431-443.
    • (1997) Ecological Application , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 431-443
    • Martin, M.E.1    Aber, J.D.2
  • 49
    • 0024164613 scopus 로고
    • Mineral nutrition and spatial concentrations of African ungulates
    • McNaughton, S.J., 1988. Mineral nutrition and spatial concentrations of African ungulates. Nature 334, 343-345.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 343-345
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 50
    • 0025227343 scopus 로고
    • Mineral nutrition and seasonal movements of African migratory ungulates
    • McNaughton, S.J., 1990. Mineral nutrition and seasonal movements of African migratory ungulates. Nature 345, 613-615.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 613-615
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 51
    • 19344372569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forage quality (feed value)
    • In: Tainton, N.M. (Ed.), Veld Management in South Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg
    • Meissner, H.H., Zacharias, P.J.K., O'Reagain, P.J., 1999. Forage quality (feed value). In: Tainton, N.M. (Ed.), Veld Management in South Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, pp. 139-168.
    • (1999) , pp. 139-168
    • Meissner, H.H.1    Zacharias, P.J.K.2    O'Reagain, P.J.3
  • 52
    • 4644325581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland
    • Strelitzia, Cape Town.
    • Mucina, L., Rutherford, M.C., 2006. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia, Cape Town.
    • (2006)
    • Mucina, L.1    Rutherford, M.C.2
  • 53
    • 5444267906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrow band vegetation indices overcome the saturation problem in biomass estimation
    • Mutanga, O., Skidmore, A.K., 2004. Narrow band vegetation indices overcome the saturation problem in biomass estimation. International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 (19), 3999-4014.
    • (2004) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.25 , Issue.19 , pp. 3999-4014
    • Mutanga, O.1    Skidmore, A.K.2
  • 54
    • 0037322015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descriminating tropical grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) canopies grown under different nitrogen treatments using spectroradiometry
    • Mutanga, O., Skidmore, A.K., Van Wieren, S.E., 2003. Descriminating tropical grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) canopies grown under different nitrogen treatments using spectroradiometry. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 57 (3), 263-272.
    • (2003) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 263-272
    • Mutanga, O.1    Skidmore, A.K.2    Van Wieren, S.E.3
  • 56
    • 0842306346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting in situ pasture quality in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, using continuumremoved absorption features
    • Mutanga, O., Skidmore, A.K., Prins, H.H.T., 2004b. Predicting in situ pasture quality in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, using continuumremoved absorption features. Remote Sensing of Environment 89 (3), 393- 408.
    • (2004) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.89 , Issue.3
    • Mutanga, O.1    Skidmore, A.K.2    Prins, H.H.T.3
  • 57
    • 17144371921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating tropical pasture quality at canopy level using band depth analysis with continuum removal in the visible domain
    • Mutanga, O., Skidmore, A.K., Kumar, L., Ferwerda, J., 2005. Estimating tropical pasture quality at canopy level using band depth analysis with continuum removal in the visible domain. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 (6), 1093-1108.
    • (2005) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 1093-1108
    • Mutanga, O.1    Skidmore, A.K.2    Kumar, L.3    Ferwerda, J.4
  • 58
    • 0036160038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variation in foliar chemistry and N cycling among forests of diverse history and composition
    • Ollinger, S.V., Smith, M.L., Martin, M.E., Hallett, R.A., Goodale, C.L., Aber, J.D., 2002. Regional variation in foliar chemistry and N cycling among forests of diverse history and composition. Ecology 83 (2), 339-355.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 339-355
    • Ollinger, S.V.1    Smith, M.L.2    Martin, M.E.3    Hallett, R.A.4    Goodale, C.L.5    Aber, J.D.6
  • 59
    • 0024079607 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between the nitrogen content of grass and reflectance
    • Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1988. IGARSS'88. Remote Sensing: Moving Toward the 21st Century, International IGARSS'88. Remote Sensing: Moving Toward the 21st Century, International,
    • Plummer, S.E., 1988. Relationships between the nitrogen content of grass and reflectance. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1988. IGARSS'88. Remote Sensing: Moving Toward the 21st Century, International IGARSS'88. Remote Sensing: Moving Toward the 21st Century, International, 265-267.
    • (1988) , pp. 265-267
    • Plummer, S.E.1
  • 60
    • 0024903394 scopus 로고
    • A balanced diet as a goal for grazing: The food of the manyara buffalo
    • Prins, H.H.T., Beekman, J., 1989. A balanced diet as a goal for grazing: The food of the manyara buffalo. African Journal of Ecology 27, 241-259.
    • (1989) African Journal of Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 241-259
    • Prins, H.H.T.1    Beekman, J.2
  • 61
    • 70149117430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembling diet from different places
    • In:Prins, H.H.T., van Langevelde, F. (Eds.), Resource Ecology: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Foraging. Springer, Netherlands
    • Prins, H.H.T., van Langevelde, F., 2008. Assembling diet from different places. In:Prins, H.H.T., van Langevelde, F. (Eds.), Resource Ecology: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Foraging. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 129-154.
    • (2008) , pp. 129-154
    • Prins, H.H.T.1    van Langevelde, F.2
  • 63
    • 70249102044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating spectral indices into prediction models of soil phosphorus in a subtropical wetland
    • Rivero, R.G., Grunwald, S., Binford, M.W., Osborne, T.Z., 2009. Integrating spectral indices into prediction models of soil phosphorus in a subtropical wetland. Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (11), 2389-2402.
    • (2009) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.113 , Issue.11 , pp. 2389-2402
    • Rivero, R.G.1    Grunwald, S.2    Binford, M.W.3    Osborne, T.Z.4
  • 64
    • 0000461385 scopus 로고
    • Algorithm AS 181: the W test for normality
    • Royston, P., 1982. Algorithm AS 181: the W test for normality. Applied Statistics 31, 176-180.
    • (1982) Applied Statistics , vol.31 , pp. 176-180
    • Royston, P.1
  • 65
    • 0042553279 scopus 로고
    • Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least-squares procedures
    • Savitzky, A., Golay, M.J.E., 1964. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least-squares procedures. Analytical Chemistry 36 (8), 1627-1639.
    • (1964) Analytical Chemistry , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 1627-1639
    • Savitzky, A.1    Golay, M.J.E.2
  • 67
    • 0025691848 scopus 로고
    • The influence of soil fertility on the ecology of Southern African dry savannas
    • Scholes, R.J., 1990. The influence of soil fertility on the ecology of Southern African dry savannas. Journal of Biogeography 17, 415-419.
    • (1990) Journal of Biogeography , vol.17 , pp. 415-419
    • Scholes, R.J.1
  • 69
    • 0002526692 scopus 로고
    • The nutrient content of plants and soils from Brazil and Surinam
    • Stark, N., 1970. The nutrient content of plants and soils from Brazil and Surinam. Biotropica 2 (1), 51-60.
    • (1970) Biotropica , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-60
    • Stark, N.1
  • 70
    • 0017492776 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic nature of grass canopy spectral reflectance
    • Tucker, C.J., 1977. Asymptotic nature of grass canopy spectral reflectance. Applied Optics 16, 57-1151.
    • (1977) Applied Optics , vol.16 , pp. 57-1151
    • Tucker, C.J.1
  • 72
    • 17044422840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abiotic template and its associated vegetation pattern
    • In: Du Toit, J.T., Kevin, H.R., Biggs, H.C. (Eds.), The Kruger Experience: Ecology and Management of Savanna Heterogeneity. The Island Press, London.
    • Venter, F.J., Scholes, R.J., Eckhardt, H.C., 2003. Abiotic template and its associated vegetation pattern. In: Du Toit, J.T., Kevin, H.R., Biggs, H.C. (Eds.), The Kruger Experience: Ecology and Management of Savanna Heterogeneity. The Island Press, London.
    • (2003)
    • Venter, F.J.1    Scholes, R.J.2    Eckhardt, H.C.3
  • 73
    • 0024764248 scopus 로고
    • Resampling methods for evaluating classification accuracy of wildlife habitat models
    • Verbyla, D., Litvaitis, L.J.A., 1989. Resampling methods for evaluating classification accuracy of wildlife habitat models. Environmental Management 13 (6), 783-787.
    • (1989) Environmental Management , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 783-787
    • Verbyla, D.1    Litvaitis, L.J.A.2
  • 74
    • 33947126512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust modelling of soil diffuse reflectance spectra by bagging-partial least square regression
    • Viscarra Rossel, R.A., 2007. Robust modelling of soil diffuse reflectance spectra by bagging-partial least square regression. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 15 (1), 39-47.
    • (2007) Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-47
    • Viscarra Rossel, R.A.1
  • 76
    • 70449354765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of artificial neural network techniques in the estimation of nitrogen concentration in rape using canopy hyperspectral reflectance data
    • Wang, Y., Wang, F., Huang, J., Wang, X., Liu, Z., 2009. Validation of artificial neural network techniques in the estimation of nitrogen concentration in rape using canopy hyperspectral reflectance data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (17), 4493-4505.
    • (2009) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.30 , Issue.17 , pp. 4493-4505
    • Wang, Y.1    Wang, F.2    Huang, J.3    Wang, X.4    Liu, Z.5
  • 78
    • 0005586516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphology and physiology of the major forage plants
    • In: Tainton, N.M. (Ed.), Pasture Management in South Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.
    • Wolfson, M.M., Tainton, N.M., 2000. The morphology and physiology of the major forage plants. In: Tainton, N.M. (Ed.), Pasture Management in South Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.
    • (2000)
    • Wolfson, M.M.1    Tainton, N.M.2
  • 79
    • 0028980520 scopus 로고
    • Predicting nitrogen and chlorophyll content and concentrations from reflectance spectra (400-2500 nm) at leaf and canopy scales
    • Yoder, B.J., Pettigrew-Crosby, R.E., 1995. Predicting nitrogen and chlorophyll content and concentrations from reflectance spectra (400-2500 nm) at leaf and canopy scales. Remote Sensing of Environment 53 (3), 199-211.
    • (1995) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-211
    • Yoder, B.J.1    Pettigrew-Crosby, R.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.