Largest earthquake in Himalaya: An appraisal

Journal of the Geological Society of India

Volumn 82, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 15-22

  Srivastava, H N ^a   Bansal, B K ^b   Verma, Mithila ^b  

^a not available   (India)

^b MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Earthquake; Himalaya; Magnitude; Subduction zone

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM; PLATE BOUNDARY; SEISMICITY; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; SUBDUCTION ZONE; THRUST;

HIMALAYAS;

EID: 84880276662     PISSN: 00167622     EISSN: 09746889     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12594-013-0117-4     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Acharya, S.K. and Narula, P.L. (1988) Seismotectonic scenario of Himalaya and its recent development. Proc. Eleventh Symposium on Earthquake Engineering, Roorkee, pp.3-19.
2. Ader, T., Avouac. J.P., Liu-Zeng., Lyon-Caen, H., Bollinger. L., Galetzka. J., Thomas, M., Chanard, K., Sapkota, S.N., Rajaure, S., Shrestha, P., Ding, L. and Flouzat, M. (2012) Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic, coupling on the main Himalaya thrust: Implications for seismic hazard. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.117 B04403, doi:10.1029/2011 JB009071.
3. Ambraseys, N.N. and Douglas, J. (2004) Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. Jour. Geophysical Int., v.159, pp.165-206. (Pubitemid 39364174)
4. Avouac, J.P, Ayoub, F, Leprin, S, Koncu, O. and Helmberger, D.V. (2006) The 2005 Mw Kashmir earthquake subpixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveform analysis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v.249, pp514-528. (Pubitemid 44463977)
5. Banerjee, P. and Burgmann, R. (2002) Convergence across the northeast Himalaya from GPS measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett., v.29, (No.13), pp.1-30.
6. Ben Menahem, A, Aboodi, E. and Schild, R. (1974) The source of great Assam earthquake in interplate wedge motion. Phys. Earth Planet. Int., v.9, pp.265-289.
7. Bilham, R. and Wallace, K. (2005) Future Mw 8 earthquake in Himalaya: implication for the 26 December, 2004 M=9 earthquake on eastern margin. Geol. Surv. India Spec. Publ. No.85, pp.1-14.
8. Bilham, R. and Szeliga, A.W. (2008) Interaction between the flexed Indian plate-Spatial fluctuations in the seismic hazard in India in past millenium,in Commemorating the 1908 Messina earthquake. In: A. Santini and N. Moraci (Eds.), American. Inst. Physics, Conf. Proc., 22-1-231.878-0-7354-4(08).
9. Bilham et al. (2011) Velocity field in northwest Himalayan syntaxis: Implications for future seismicity, Abstracts ID-T54B-6 (AGU meeting)
10. Chaudhury, H.M. and Srivastava, H.N. (1975) Kinnaur earthquake of 1975 and its aftershocks,Proc. Fourth World. Conf. Earthq. Engg., New Delhi, v.1, pp.1-6.
11. Chen, W.P. and Molnar, P. (1977) Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.82, pp.2945-2969.
12. Chen, W.P. and Molnar, P. (1990) Source parameters of earthquakes and interplate deformation beneath the Shillong plateau and northern India Burma ranges. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.95, pp.12527-12552.
13. Editorial (2011) The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and active tectonics of Asia. Jour. Asian Earth Sci., v.40, pp.797-804.
14. Frohlich, C. and Wetzel, L.R. (2007) Comparison of seismic moment release rate along different type of plate boundaries Geophys. Jour. Int. v.171, pp.909-920. (Pubitemid 47578088)
15. GSI, (1993) Bihar-Nepal Earthquake, August 20, 1988. In: D.R. Nandy, A.K. Choudhury, C. Chakraborty and P.L. Narula (Eds.), Geol. Surv. India, Spec. Publ., v.31, 104p.
16. Ichikawa, M., Srivastava, H.N. and Drakopoulos, JC. (1972) Focal mechanism of earthquakes occurring in and around the Himalayan and Burmese mountain belts. Papers in Meteorol. Geophys., v.23, pp.149-162.
17. India Meteorological Department, Monograph, Seismology no.2/ 2000, Chamoli earthquake of March 29, 1999 and its aftershocks (A consolidated document)
18. Iyengar, R.N., Sharma, D. and Siddiqqui, J.M. (1999) Earthquake history of India in Medieval Times. India Jour. Hist. Science, v.34(3), pp.181-237.
19. Johnson, J.M, Tanioka, Y, Ruff, L.J, Sataki, R.K, Kanmori, H. and Sykes, L.R. (1994) The 1957 great Aleutian earthquake, Pure and Appld. Geophys., v.142, pp.3-28.
20. Jouanne, F., Mugnier, J.L., Gamond, J.F., Le Fort, P., Pandey, M.R., Bollinger, L., Flouzat M. and Avouac, J.P. (2004) Crustal shortening across the Himalayas of Nepal. Geophys. Jour. Int., v.157, pp.1-14. (Pubitemid 38516842)
21. Kanamori, H. (1977) The energy release of great earthquakes. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.82, pp.2981-2987.
22. Kaneda, H, Nakata, T, Tsutsumi, H, Kondo, H, Awata, Y, Akhter, S.S, Majid, A, Khattak, W, Awan, A.A, Yeats, R.S, Hussain, A, Ashraf, M, Wesnousky, S.G. and Kauser, A.B. (2008) Surface rupture of the 2005 Kashmir,Pakistan earthquake and its tectonic implications. Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v.98, pp.521-557. (Pubitemid 351596756)
23. Kayal, J.R. (2001) Microearthquake activity in some parts of the Himalaya and the present-day tectonic model. Tectonophysics, v.339, pp.331-551. (Pubitemid 33124858)
24. Kayal, J.R. (2010) Himalayan Tectonic Model and the Great earthquakes: An Appraisal, Geomatics, Nat. Haz and Risk, v.1(1), pp.51-67, doi: 10.1080/ 19475701003625752. (Cited 16).
25. Kayal, J. R., Arefiev, S S. et al., (2010) The (2009) Bhutan and Assam felt earthquakes (Mw 6.3 and 5.1) at the Kopili fault in the northeast Himalaya region, Geomatics Nat. Haz and Risk, 1: pp.73-81. doi: 10.1080/19475705.2010. 486561(14).
26. Kayal, J.R., Santanu Baruah, Saurabh Baruah, Gautam, J.L. Arefiev, S.S. and Tatevossian, R. (2011) The September 2011 Sikkim deeper Centroid Mw 6.9 Earthquake: Role of Transverse Faults in Eastern Himalaya Deep Continental Studies in India, v.21(2), pp.13-16.
27. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S.G., Rockwell, T.K., Briggs R.W., Thakur V.C. and Jayangondaperumal. R. (2006) Paleoseismic evidences of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian Himalaya. Jour. Geophys. Res. v.111 B03304, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003309. (Pubitemid 43670742)
28. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S.G., Jayangondaperumal Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y. and Singh, V. (2010) Paleoseismic evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern. Himalayan front India: Timing size and spatial extent of great earthquakes, Jour. Geophy Res., v.115 B12422, doi:10.1029/2009JB006789, pp.1-2.
29. Lay, T. and Kanamori, H. (1981) An asperity model of large earthquake sequences, Earthquake prediction-An International Review Maurice Ewing Series 4. American Geophysical union, pp.579-592.
30. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M. and Pandey, R (2005) Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (1000 A.D.) in the central Himalayas, Nepal. Science, v.307, pp.1302-1305. (Pubitemid 40299977)
31. Mahesh, P et al. (2012) Rigid Indian plate,constraints from GPS measurements, Gondwana Res., doi;10.1016/gr.2012.doi.11
32. Molnar, P. (1990) A review of seismicity and rates of active underthrusting and deformation at the Himalaya. Jour. Himal. Geol., v.1(2), pp.131-154.
33. Molnar, P. and Pandey, M.R. (1989) Rupture zones of great earthquakes in Himalayan region. Jour. Earth System Sci., No. 1, pp.61-70.
34. Monsalve, G., Sheehan, A., Schulte, P., Rajaure, S., Pandey, M.R. and Wu, F (2006) Seismicity and one dimensional velocity structure of the Himalayan collision zone: Earthquakes in the crust and upper mantle. Jour. Geophys. Res., v111, B103091, doi:10.1029/2005JB004062. (Pubitemid 44932620)
35. Mukhopadhyay, M. (1984) Seismotectonics of transverse lineaments in the eastern Himalaya and its foredeep. Tectonophysics, v.109, pp.227-240. (Pubitemid 14661743)
36. Ni, J. and Barazangi, M. (1984). Seismotectonics of the Himalayan continental zone: Geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate beneath the Himalaya. Jour. Geophys. Res, v.89,B2, pp.1147-1163. (Pubitemid 14549528)
37. Oxburgh, E.R. (1972) Flake tectonics and continental collision Nature, v.239, pp.202-204.
38. Ozawa, S., Nishimura, T., Suito, H., Kobayashi, T., Tobita, H. and Inakina, T. (2011) Coseismic and post seismic slip of the 2011 magnitude 9 Tokokei Oki earthquake, Nature, 475(7356), pp.373-376, doi.10.1038/Nature/10227.
39. Rajendran, K. and Rajendran, C.P. (2011) Revisiting the earthquake sources in the Himalaya: Perspectives on past seismicity. Tectonophysics, v.594, pp.75-88.
40. Sapkota, S.W, Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., Tapponier, P., Gaudener, Y. and Tiwari, D. (2012) Primary surface rupture of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255, Nature, doi:10.7033/NGEO1669.
41. Seeber, L, Armbruster, J.G. and Quittemeyer, R.C. (1981) Seismicity and continental subduction in the Himalayan arc, in Zagros, Hindukush. In: H.K. Gupta and F.M. Delamy (Eds.), Himalaya geodynamic evolution. Amer. Geophys. Union, Geodynamics Ser, no.3, pp.215-242.
42. Seismotectonic Atlas of India, 2010 (Revised), Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
43. Shin, T.C and Teng, T. (2001) An overview of the 1999 Chi Chi earthquake. Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer, v.91, pp.895-913. (Pubitemid 33098747)
44. Srivastava, H.N. (1988) The Mexican earthquake of 1985 vis a vis great Indian earthquakes: Field and seismological aspects Mausam, v.39, pp.149-158.
45. Srivastava, H.N., Bhattacharya, S.N. and Gupta, G.D. (2007) Earthquakes: Geography and Management, New Age International Ltd, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002. 281p.
46. Srivastava, H.N. and Rao, P.C.S. (1991) Seismicity patterns associated with earthquakes of August 1988 near Manipur Burma and Bihar Nepal regions, Bull. Indian Soc. Earthq. Tech., v.28, pp.13-22.
47. Srivastava, H.N., Verma, M. and Bansal, B.K. (2010) Seismological constraints for the 1905 Kangra earthquake and associated hazard in northwest India. Curr. Sci., v.99, pp.1549-1559.
48. Socquet, A., Vigny, C., Rooke, N.C., Simons, W., Rangin, C. and Ambrosius, B. (2006) India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.111(B05406). doi:10.1029/2005JB003877.
49. Subraya, C., Chlieh, M., Prawirodirdjo, L., Avouac, J.P., Bock, Y., Sieh, K., Mettzner, A.J., Natawidjaya, D.H. and Mccaffrey, R. (2006) Plate boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra Andaman island earthquake, Nature, v.440, pp.46-51. (Pubitemid 43336262)
50. Szeliga, W., Hough, S., Martin, S. and Bilham, R. (2010) Intensity magnitude location and attenuation in India for felt earthquakes since 1762. Bull. Seismo. Soc. Amer., v.100, pp.570-584.
51. Szeliga, W., Bilham, R., Din, M.K. and Sarosh, H. Lodi (2012) Interseismic strain accumulation along the western boundary of the Indian subcontinent. Jour. Geophys. Res., v.117, B08404, doi: 10.1029/2011JB008822.
52. Tandon, A.N. (1955) Direction of faulting in the great Assam earthquake of August 15,1950, Indian Jour. Met. Geophys, v.6, pp.61-64.
53. Tandon, A.N. (1972) Earthquakes in Anantnag during Feb to April 1967, India. Jour. Meteor. Geophys, v.23, pp.492-502.
54. Tandon, A.N. and Srivastava, H.N. (1974) Earthquake occurrence in India, Earthquake Engineering (Jai Krishna volume), Sarita Prakashan, Meerut, pp.1-44.
55. Tandon, A.N. and Srivastava, H.N. (1975) The stress drop and average dislocation of some earthquakes in the Indian subcontinent, PAGEOPH, v.112, pp.1051-1057.
56. Tandon, A.N. and Srivastava, H.N. (1975) Focal mechanism of some recent Himalayan earthquakes and regional plate tectonics, Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer, v.65, pp.963-969.
57. Valdiya, K.S. (1976) Himalayan transverse faults and fold their parallelism. Tectonophysics, v.32, pp.353-355.
58. Vigni, C. et al. (2011) The 2010 Mw 8.8 Mank mega thrust earthquake of central Chile monitored by GPS, Science, v.332, 1417.10.1126/Science 2041.32.