Survey on knowledge and attitudes related to the relation between tobacco, alcohol abuse and cancer in the northern state of Sudan

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 2483-2486

  Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIL   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Alcohol consumption; Cancer risk factors; Northern Sudan; Tobacco; Toombak dipping

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880269527     PISSN: 15137368     EISSN: 2476762X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.4.2483     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Ahmed HG, Mahgoob RM (2007). Impact of toombak dipping in the etiology of oral cancer: gender-exclusive hazard in the Sudan. J Cancer Res and Therapeutics, 3, 127-30.
2. Begg S, Vos T, Barker B, et al (2007). The burden of disease and injury in Australia 2003. PHE 82. Canberra: AIHW.
3. Bobak M, Jha P, Son N, Jarvis M (2000). In: Oxford medical publications. Jha P, Chaloupka F, editor. Oxford;New York: Oxford University Press. Poverty and smoking; p. 41.
4. Elbeshir EI, Abeen HA, Idris AM, Abbas K (1989). Snuff dipping and oral cancer in Sudan: a retrospective study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 27, 243-8.
5. Flint AJ, Novotny TE (1997). Poverty status and cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation in the United States, 1983-1993: the independent risk of being poor. Tob Control, 6, 14-8.
6. Idris AM, Ahmed HM, Mukhtar BI, Gadir AF, el-Beshir EI (1995). Descriptive Epidemiology of oral Neoplasms in Sudan 1970 - 1985 and the role of Toombak. Int J Cancer, 61, 155-8.
7. Idris AM, Ibrahim YE, Warnakulasuriya KA, et al (1998). Toombak use and cigarette smoking in the Sudan: estimates of prevalence in the Nile state. Prev Med, 27, 597-603.
8. Idris AM, Prokopczyk B, Hoffmann D (1994). Toombak: A major risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity in Sudan. Prev Med, 23, 832-9.
9. Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Karvonen S, Lahelma E (2005). Socioeconomic status and smoking: analysing inequalities with multiple indicators. Eur J Public Health, 15, 262-9.
10. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ (2006). Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 367, 1747-57.
11. Office of the Surgeon General (2004). National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.) The health consequences of smoking a report of the Surgeon General. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Public Health Service, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/ smokingconsequences (accessed Jun 2011).
12. Reijneveld SA (1998). The impact of individual and area characteristics on urban socioeconomic differences in health and smoking. Int J Epidemiol, 27, 33-40.
13. Santanu G, Amrita S, Shuvankar M (2012). Patterns of Alcohol Consumption among Male Adults at a Slum in Kolkata, India. J Health Popul Nutr, 30, 73-81.
14. WHO (2002). The world health report 2002-reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Organization; p. 250.
15. Wipfli H, Samet JM (2009). Global economic and health benefits of tobacco control: part 1. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 86, 263-71.
16. World Health Organization (WHO) (2008)., Research for International Tobacco Control. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/tobacco/ mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.