메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1329-1342

Are climate model simulations of clouds improving? An evaluation using the ISCCP simulator

Author keywords

climate models; clouds; satellite simulator

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; ERRORS; SATELLITE SIMULATORS;

EID: 84880268669     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50141     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (197)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 84861180918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models
    • L09712, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051607.
    • Andrews, T., J. M. Gregory, M. J. Webb, and, K. E. Taylor, (2012), Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09712, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051607.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Andrews, T.1    Gregory, J.M.2    Webb, M.J.3    Taylor, K.E.4
  • 2
    • 79953115248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COSP: Satellite simulation software for model assessment
    • Bodas-Salcedo, A., et al. (2011), COSP: Satellite simulation software for model assessment, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 1023-1043.
    • (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.92 , pp. 1023-1043
    • Bodas-Salcedo, A.1
  • 3
    • 28944450038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
    • L20806, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023851.
    • Bony, S., and, J.-L. duFresne, (2005), Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20806, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023851.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Bony, S.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2
  • 5
    • 67650512618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new moist turbulence parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model
    • Bretherton, C. S., and, S. Park, (2009), A new moist turbulence parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., 22, 3422-3448.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 3422-3448
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Park, S.2
  • 6
    • 84868020148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do climate models simulate cloud vertical structure? A comparison between CALIPSO-GOCCP satellite observations and CMIP5 models
    • L20803, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053153.
    • Cessana, G., and, H. Chepfer, (2012), How well do climate models simulate cloud vertical structure? A comparison between CALIPSO-GOCCP satellite observations and CMIP5 models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20803, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053153.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Cessana, G.1    Chepfer, H.2
  • 8
    • 71649103162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Met Office Hadley Centre Technical Note no. HCTN 74, Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3 PB, United Kingdom
    • Collins, W. J., et al. (2008), Evaluation of the HadGEM2 model, Met Office Hadley Centre Technical Note no. HCTN 74, Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3 PB, United Kingdom.
    • (2008) Evaluation of the HadGEM2 Model
    • Collins, W.J.1
  • 9
    • 0030435211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics
    • Curry, J. A., W. B. Rossow, D. Randall, and, J. L. Schramm, (1996), Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics, J. Clim., 9, 1731-1764.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 1731-1764
    • Curry, J.A.1    Rossow, W.B.2    Randall, D.3    Schramm, J.L.4
  • 10
    • 33646451521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models
    • DOI 10.1175/JCLI3884.1
    • Dai, A., (2006), Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models, J. Clim., 19, 4605-4630. (Pubitemid 44541872)
    • (2006) Journal of Climate , vol.19 , Issue.18 , pp. 4605-4630
    • Dai, A.1
  • 11
    • 79955044421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3
    • Donner, L. J., et al. (2011), The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL global coupled model CM3, J. Clim., 24, 3484-3519.
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 3484-3519
    • Donner, L.J.1
  • 12
    • 56549117983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of marine stratocumulus cloud top heights in the southeastern Pacific retrieved from satellites with coincident ship-based observations
    • D18204, doi: 10.1029/2008JD009975.
    • Garay, M. J., S. P. de Szoeke, and, C. M. Moroney, (2008), Comparison of marine stratocumulus cloud top heights in the southeastern Pacific retrieved from satellites with coincident ship-based observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18204, doi: 10.1029/2008JD009975.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Garay, M.J.1    De Szoeke, S.P.2    Moroney, C.M.3
  • 14
    • 79958294849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Community Climate System Model Version 4
    • Gent, P. R., et al. (2011), The Community Climate System Model Version 4, J. Clim., 24, 4973-4991.
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 4973-4991
    • Gent, P.R.1
  • 15
    • 52949134806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3), Part II: Single-column and global results
    • Gettelman, A., H. Morrison, and, S. J. Ghan, (2008), A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3), Part II: Single-column and global results, J. Clim., 21, 3660-3679.
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 3660-3679
    • Gettelman, A.1    Morrison, H.2    Ghan, S.J.3
  • 16
    • 19944434306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
    • GFDL GAMDT.
    • GFDL GAMDT (2004), The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2/LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations, J. Clim., 17, 4641-4673.
    • (2004) J. Clim. , vol.17 , pp. 4641-4673
  • 17
    • 49249113376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance metrics for climate models
    • D06104, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008972.
    • Gleckler, P. J., K. E. Taylor, and, C. Doutriaux, (2008), Performance metrics for climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D06104, doi: 10.1029/2007JD008972.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Gleckler, P.J.1    Taylor, K.E.2    Doutriaux, C.3
  • 18
    • 40849113474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in CO2 forcing
    • DOI 10.1175/2007JCLI1834.1
    • Gregory, J. M., and, M. J. Webb, (2008), Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in CO2 forcing, J. Clim., 21, 58-71. (Pubitemid 351395658)
    • (2008) Journal of Climate , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-71
    • Gregory, J.M.1    Webb, M.2
  • 20
    • 36549072572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • IPCC, [ Solomon, S. D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
    • IPCC (2007), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [, Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and, H. L. Miller, (eds.)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.
    • (2007) Contribution of Working Group i to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , pp. 996
  • 21
    • 84864607759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA "a-Train" satellite observations
    • doi: 10.1029/2011JD017237.
    • Jiang, J., et al. (2012), Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA "A-Train" satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., doi: 10.1029/2011JD017237.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res.
    • Jiang, J.1
  • 22
    • 84859950845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposing global cloud biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) using satellite observations and their corresponding instrument simulators
    • Kay, J., et al. (2012), Exposing global cloud biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) using satellite observations and their corresponding instrument simulators, J. Clim., 25, 5190-5207.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.25 , pp. 5190-5207
    • Kay, J.1
  • 23
    • 0033401193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model
    • Klein, S. A., and, C. Jakob, (1999), Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2514-2531.
    • (1999) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2514-2531
    • Klein, S.A.1    Jakob, C.2
  • 24
    • 84878987256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating clouds with global climate models: A comparison of CMIP5 results with CMIP3 and satellite data
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00451.1, in press.
    • Lauer, A., and, K. Hamilton, (2012), Simulating clouds with global climate models: A comparison of CMIP5 results with CMIP3 and satellite data, J. Clim., doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00451.1, in press.
    • (2012) J. Clim.
    • Lauer, A.1    Hamilton, K.2
  • 25
    • 0034276838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: Scheme description and single-column model tests
    • Lock, A. P., A. R. Brown, M. R. Bush, G. M. Martin, and, R. N. B. Smith, (2000), A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: Scheme description and single-column model tests, Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3187-3199.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 3187-3199
    • Lock, A.P.1    Brown, A.R.2    Bush, M.R.3    Martin, G.M.4    Smith, R.N.B.5
  • 26
    • 0030498854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical pacific circulation: A coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM study
    • Ma, C.-C., C. R. Mechoso, A. W. Robertson, and, A. Arakawa, (1996), Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical pacific circulation: A coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM study, J. Clim., 9, 1635-1645.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 1635-1645
    • Ma, C.-C.1    Mechoso, C.R.2    Robertson, A.W.3    Arakawa, A.4
  • 27
    • 66949144738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A description of hydrometeor layer occurrence statistics derived from the first year of merged Cloudsat and CALIPSO data
    • D00A26, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009755.
    • Mace, G. G., Q. Zhang, M Vaughan, R. Marchand, G. Stephens, C. Trepte, and, D. Winker, (2009), A description of hydrometeor layer occurrence statistics derived from the first year of merged Cloudsat and CALIPSO data, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00A26, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009755.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Mace, G.G.1    Zhang, Q.2    Vaughan, M.3    Marchand, R.4    Stephens, G.5    Trepte, C.6    Winker, D.7
  • 28
    • 79955148232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical evaluation of the ISCCP simulator using ground-based remote sensing data
    • Mace, G. G., S. Houser, S. Benson, S. A. Klein, and, Q. Min, (2011), Critical evaluation of the ISCCP simulator using ground-based remote sensing data, J. Clim., 24, 1598-1612.
    • (2011) J. Clim. , vol.24 , pp. 1598-1612
    • Mace, G.G.1    Houser, S.2    Benson, S.3    Klein, S.A.4    Min, Q.5
  • 29
    • 77956204954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of cloud top height and optical depth histograms from MISR, ISCCP, and MODIS
    • D16206, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013422.
    • Marchand, R., T. Ackerman, M. Smyth, and, W. B. Rossow, (2010), A review of cloud top height and optical depth histograms from MISR, ISCCP, and MODIS, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D16206, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013422.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Marchand, R.1    Ackerman, T.2    Smyth, M.3    Rossow, W.B.4
  • 30
    • 33646348458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1). Part 1: Model description and global climatology
    • DOI 10.1175/JCLI3636.1
    • Martin, G. M., et al. (2006), The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1). Part I: Model description and global climatology, J. Clim., 19, 1274-1301. (Pubitemid 43670778)
    • (2006) Journal of Climate , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 1274-1301
    • Martin, G.M.1    Ringer, M.A.2    Pope, V.D.3    Jones, A.4    Dearden, C.5    Hinton, T.J.6
  • 33
    • 52949143833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 3 (CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests
    • Morrison, H., and, A. Gettelman, (2008), A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 3 (CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests, J. Clim., 21, 3642-3659.
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 3642-3659
    • Morrison, H.1    Gettelman, A.2
  • 34
    • 84868620896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'too few, too bright' tropical low-cloud problem in CMIP5 models
    • L21801, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053421.
    • Nam, C., S. Bony, J.-L. Dufresne, and, H. Chepfer, (2012), The 'too few, too bright' tropical low-cloud problem in CMIP5 models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L21801, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053421.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Nam, C.1    Bony, S.2    Dufresne, J.-L.3    Chepfer, H.4
  • 35
    • 79960020848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report NCAR/TN-486 + STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, U. S. A.
    • Neale, R. B., et al. (2011), Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5), Technical Report NCAR/TN-486 + STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, U. S. A., 268 pp.
    • (2011) Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) , pp. 268
    • Neale, R.B.1
  • 36
    • 42449148943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards understanding cloud response in atmospheric GCMs: The use of tendency diagnostics
    • Ogura, T., et al. (2008), Towards understanding cloud response in atmospheric GCMs: The use of tendency diagnostics, J. Met. Soc. Japan, 86, 69-79.
    • (2008) J. Met. Soc. Japan , vol.86 , pp. 69-79
    • Ogura, T.1
  • 37
    • 67650512617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model
    • Park, S., and, C. S. Bretherton, (2009), The University of Washington shallow convection and moist turbulence schemes and their impact on climate simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model, J. Clim., 22, 3449-3469.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 3449-3469
    • Park, S.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 38
    • 0742270233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fast, flexible, approximate technique for computing radiative transfer in inhomogeneous clouds
    • doi: 10.1029/2002JD003322.
    • Pincus, R., H. W. Barker, and, J. Morcrette, (2003), A fast, flexible, approximate technique for computing radiative transfer in inhomogeneous clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D13), 4376, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003322.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D13 , pp. 4376
    • Pincus, R.1    Barker, H.W.2    Morcrette, J.3
  • 39
    • 71949105949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the present-day simulation of clouds, precipitation, and radiation in climate models
    • D14209, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009334.
    • Pincus, R., C. P. Batstone, R. J. P. Hofmann, K. E. Taylor, and, P. J. Gleckler, (2008), Evaluating the present-day simulation of clouds, precipitation, and radiation in climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14209, doi: 10.1029/2007JD009334.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Pincus, R.1    Batstone, C.P.2    Hofmann, R.J.P.3    Taylor, K.E.4    Gleckler, P.J.5
  • 40
    • 84862727533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling simulated and observed views of clouds: MODIS, ISCCP, and the limits of instrument simulators
    • Pincus, R., S. Platnick, S. A. Ackerman, R. S. Hemler, R. J. P. Hoffmann, (2012), Reconciling simulated and observed views of clouds: MODIS, ISCCP, and the limits of instrument simulators, J. Clim., 25, 4699-4720.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.25 , pp. 4699-4720
    • Pincus, R.1    Platnick, S.2    Ackerman, S.A.3    Hemler, R.S.4    Hoffmann, R.J.P.5
  • 41
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3
    • Pope, V. D., M. L. Gallani, P. R. Rowntree, and, R. A. Stratton, (2000), The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model-HadAM3, Clim. Dyn., 16, 123-146. (Pubitemid 30192426)
    • (2000) Climate Dynamics , vol.16 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 42
    • 0026291153 scopus 로고
    • International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud data products
    • Rossow, W. B., and, R. A. Schiffer, (1991), International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud data products, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 2-20.
    • (1991) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 2-20
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Schiffer, R.A.2
  • 43
    • 0042323504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP
    • Rossow, W. B., and, R. A. Schiffer, (1999), Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2261-2288.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 2261-2288
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Schiffer, R.A.2
  • 44
    • 0024197508 scopus 로고
    • The response of a general circulation model to cloud longwave radiative forcing. I. Introduction and initial experiments
    • Slingo, A., and, J.-M. Slingo, (1988), The response of a general circulation model to cloud longwave radiative forcing. I. Introduction and initial experiments, Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 114, 1027-1062.
    • (1988) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 1027-1062
    • Slingo, A.1    Slingo, J.-M.2
  • 45
    • 84876732870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric component of the MPI-M Earth System Model: ECHAM6
    • doi: 10.1002/jame.20015.
    • Stevens, B., et al. (2013), The atmospheric component of the MPI-M Earth System Model: ECHAM6, J. Adv. Model Earth Syst., doi: 10.1002/jame.20015.
    • (2013) J. Adv. Model Earth Syst.
    • Stevens, B.1
  • 49
    • 84876829330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CNRM-CM5.1 global climate model: Description and basic evaluation
    • Voldoire, et al., doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1259-y.
    • Voldoire, et al. (2012), The CNRM-CM5.1 global climate model: description and basic evaluation, Clim. Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1259-y.
    • (2012) Clim. Dyn.
  • 50
    • 29244444210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of shallow convection in the water and energy cycles of the atmosphere
    • DOI 10.1007/s00382-005-0051-2
    • von Salzen, K., N. A. McFarlane, and, M. Lazare, (2005), The role of shallow convection in the water and energy cycles of the atmosphere, Clim. Dyn., 25, 671-688, doi: 10.1007/s00382-005-0051-2. (Pubitemid 41829829)
    • (2005) Climate Dynamics , vol.25 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 671-688
    • Von Salzen, K.1    McFarlane, N.A.2    Lazare, M.3
  • 51
    • 84880311004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian Fourth Generation Atmospheric Global Climate Model (CanAM4): Part I: Representation of physical processes
    • in press.
    • von Salzen, K., et al. (2012), The Canadian Fourth Generation Atmospheric Global Climate Model (CanAM4): Part I: Representation of physical processes, Atmos.-Ocean, in press.
    • (2012) Atmos.-Ocean
    • Von Salzen, K.1
  • 52
    • 78650547976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: Mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity
    • Watanabe, M., et al. (2010), Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: Mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity, J. Clim., 23, 6312-6335.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 6312-6335
    • Watanabe, M.1
  • 53
    • 0034791589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models
    • DOI 10.1007/s003820100157
    • Webb, M., C. Senior, S. Bony, and, J. J. Morcrette, (2001), Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models, Clim. Dyn., 17, 905-922. (Pubitemid 32939776)
    • (2001) Climate Dynamics , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 905-922
    • Webb, M.1    Senior, C.2    Bony, S.3    Morcrette, J.-J.4
  • 54
    • 84874816272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of differences in climate sensitivity, forcing, and feedbacks in climate models
    • doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1336-x.
    • Webb, M. J., F. H. Lambert, and, J. M. Gregory, (2012), Origins of differences in climate sensitivity, forcing, and feedbacks in climate models, Clim. Dyn., doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1336-x.
    • (2012) Clim. Dyn.
    • Webb, M.J.1    Lambert, F.H.2    Gregory, J.M.3
  • 55
    • 67349265921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative performance assessment of cloud regimes in climate models
    • Williams, K. D., and, M. J. Webb, (2009), A quantitative performance assessment of cloud regimes in climate models. Clim. Dyn., 33, 141-157.
    • (2009) Clim. Dyn. , vol.33 , pp. 141-157
    • Williams, K.D.1    Webb, M.J.2
  • 56
    • 0032740909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the UK Meteorological Office Unified Model
    • Wilson, D. R., and, S. P. Ballard, (1999), A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the U. K. Meteorological Office Unified Model, Q. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 125, 1607-1636. (Pubitemid 29524315)
    • (1999) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , vol.125 , Issue.557 , pp. 1607-1636
    • Wilson, D.R.1    Ballard, S.P.2
  • 57
    • 72049113742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms
    • Winker, D., et al. (2009), Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 2310-2323.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.26 , pp. 2310-2323
    • Winker, D.1
  • 58
    • 72049105844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: Description and its performance for the present-day climate
    • doi: 10.1007/s00382-008-0487-2.
    • Wu, T., et al. (2010), The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate, Clim. Dyn., 34, 123-147, doi: 10.1007/s00382-008-0487-2.
    • (2010) Clim. Dyn. , vol.34 , pp. 123-147
    • Wu, T.1
  • 59
    • 0035302480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diurnal cycle in the tropics
    • Yang, G.-Y., and, J. Slingo, (2001), The diurnal cycle in the tropics, Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 784-801. (Pubitemid 32511927)
    • (2001) Monthly Weather Review , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 784-801
    • Yang, G.-Y.1    Slingo, J.2
  • 60
    • 52949139119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of equilibrium and transient responses to CO2 increase in eight state-of-the-art climate models
    • Yokohata, T., et al. (2008), Comparison of equilibrium and transient responses to CO2 increase in eight state-of-the-art climate models, Tellus, 60A, 946-961.
    • (2008) Tellus , vol.60 A , pp. 946-961
    • Yokohata, T.1
  • 61
    • 84880262742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meteorological Research Institute - Earth System Model Version 1 (MRI-ESM1) Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan
    • Yukimoto, S., et al. (2011), Meteorological Research Institute-Earth System Model Version 1 (MRI-ESM1): Model Description, Technical Report #64, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan, 96 pp.
    • (2011) Model Description, Technical Report #64 , pp. 96
    • Yukimoto, S.1
  • 62
    • 84862735793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computing and partitioning cloud feedbacks using cloud property histograms. Part I: Cloud radiative kernels
    • Zelinka, M. D., S. A. Klein, and, D. L. Hartmann, (2012), Computing and partitioning cloud feedbacks using cloud property histograms. Part I: Cloud radiative kernels, J. Clim., 25, 3715-3735.
    • (2012) J. Clim. , vol.25 , pp. 3715-3735
    • Zelinka, M.D.1    Klein, S.A.2    Hartmann, D.L.3
  • 63
    • 25844449617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing clouds and their seasonal variations in 10 atmospheric general circulation models with satellite measurements
    • D15S02, doi:10.1029/2004JD005021.
    • Zhang, M. H., et al. (2005), Comparing clouds and their seasonal variations in 10 atmospheric general circulation models with satellite measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S02, doi:10.1029/2004JD005021.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Zhang, M.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.