Assessment and psychotherapy with women experiencing intimate partner violence: Integrating research and practice

Psychodynamic Psychiatry

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 189-218

  Bogat, G Anne ^a   Garcia, Antonia M ^a   Levendosky, Alytia A ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMAN; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; STANDARD; PSYCHOLOGY; STANDARDS; THERAPY;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SPOUSE ABUSE;

EID: 84880200584     PISSN: 21622590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2013.41.2.189     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Anderson, D. K., & Saunders, D. G. (2003). Leaving an abusive partner: An empirical review of predictors, the process of leaving, and psychological well-being. Trauma Violence Abuse, 4(2), 163-191.
2. Anderson, D. K., Saunders, D. G., Yoshihama, M., Bybee, D. I., & Sullivan, C. M. (2003). Long-term trends in depression among women separated from abusive partners. Violence Against Women, 9(7), 807-838. (Pubitemid 36751175)
3. Bachman, R., & Saltzman, L. E. (1995). Violence against women: Estimates from the Redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey: Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice.
4. Bailey, B. A., & Daugherty, R. A. (2007). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: Incidence and associated health behaviors in a rural population. Maternal Child Health Journal, 11(5), 495-503. (Pubitemid 47097490)
5. Barnett, O. W. (2001). Why battered women do not leave, part 2: External inhibiting factors -social support and internal inhibiting factors. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 2, 3-35.
6. Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F. M. (1998). Co-constructing inner and relational processes: Self-and mutual regulation in infant research and adult treatment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 15(4), 480-516. (Pubitemid 29104481)
7. Beeble, M. L., Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. M., & Adams, A. E. (2009). Main, mediating, and moderating effects of social support on the well-being of survivors of intimate partner violence across 2 years. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(4), 718-729.
8. Bogard, M., & Mederos, F. (1999). Battering and couples therapy: Universal screening and selection of treatment modality. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 25(3), 291-312.
9. Bogat, G. A., Levendosky, A. A., & Davidson, W. (1999). Understanding the intergenerational transmission of violence: From pregnancy through the first year of life: National Institute of Justice.
10. Bogat, G. A., Levendosky, A. A., DeJonghe, E., Davidson, W. S., & von Eye, A. (2004). Pathways of suffering: The temporal effects of domestic violence on women's mental health. Maltrattamento e abuso all'infanzia, 6(2), 97-112.
11. Bogat, G. A., Levendosky, A. A., Theran, S. A., von Eye, A., & Davidson, W. S. (2003). Predicting the psychosocial effects of interpersonal partner violence (IPV): How much does a woman's history of IPV matter? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 121-142.
12. Bowlby, J. (1958). The nature of the child's tie to his mother. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 39, 350-373.
13. Brom, D., Kleber, R. J., & Defares, P. B. (1989). Brief psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(5), 607-612. (Pubitemid 20076622)
14. Bybee, D., & Sullivan, C. M. (2005). Predicting re-victimization of battered women 3 years after exiting a shelter program. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1-2), 85-96. (Pubitemid 41225130)
15. Carden, A. D. (1994). Wife abuse and the wife abuser: Review and recommendations. Counseling Psychologist, 22(4), 539-582.
16. Carlson, B. E., McNutt, L. A., Choi, D. Y., & Rose, I. M. (2002). Intimate partner abuse and mental health: The role of social support and other protective factors. Violence Against Women, 8(6), 720-745.
17. Cascardi, M., O'Leary, K. D., & Schlee, K. A. (1999). Co-occurrence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression in physically abused women. Journal of Family Violence, 14(3), 227-249.
18. Cassidy, J., & Mohr, J. J. (2001). Unsolvable fear, trauma, and psychopathology: Theory, research, and clinical considerations related to disorganized attachment across the life span. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8(3), 275-298. (Pubitemid 33681912)
19. Celani, D. P. (1999). Applying Fairbairn's object relations theory to the dynamics of the battered woman. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 53(1), 60-73. (Pubitemid 29168788)
20. Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Psychotherapy for borderline personality: Focusing on object relations. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
21. Cloitre, M., Stolbach, B. C., Herman, J. L., van der Kolk, B., Pynoos, R., Wang, J., & Petkova, E. (2009). A developmental approach to complex PTSD: Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 399-408.
22. Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L., & Davis, K. E. (2002). Social support protects against the negative effects of partner violence on mental health. Journal of Women's Health and Gender Based Medicine, 11(5), 465-476. (Pubitemid 41246908)
23. Colman, R. A., & Widom, C. S. (2004). Childhood abuse and neglect and adult intimate relationships: A prospective study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 28(11), 1133-1151. (Pubitemid 39574389)
24. Coohey, C. (2007). The relationship between mothers' social networks and severe domestic violence: A test of the social isolation hypothesis. Violence and Victims, 22(4), 503-512. (Pubitemid 47173675)
25. Cunradi, C. B., Caetano, R., & Schafer, J. (2002). Socioeconomic predictors of intimate partner violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States. Journal of Family Violence, 17(4), 377-389. (Pubitemid 37134302)
26. D'Andrea, W., & Pole, N. (2012). A naturalistic study of the relation of psychotherapy process to changes in symptoms, information processing, and physiological activity in complex trauma. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(4), 438-446.
27. Davis, R. E. (2002). "The strongest women": Exploration of the inner resources of abused women. Qualitative Health Research, 12(19), 1248-1263.
28. Dunham, K., & Senn, C. Y. (2000). Minimizing negative experiences: Women's disclosure of partner abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(3), 251-261.
29. El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., Foleno, A., & Frye, V. (2001). Social support among women in methadone treatment who experience partner violence. Violence Against Women, 7(3), 246-274.
30. Enns, C. Z., Campbell, J., & Courtois, C. A. (1997). Recommendations for working with domestic violence survivors, with special attention to memory issues and posttraumatic processes. Psychotherapy, 34(4), 459-477. (Pubitemid 28548747)
31. Finkel, E. J. (2007). Impelling and inhibiting forces in the perpetration of intimate partner violence. Review of General Psychology, 11, 193-207.
32. Finkel, E. J., & Slotter, E. B. (2009). An I3 theory analysis of human sex differences in aggression. Brain and Behavior Sciences, 32, 31.
33. Fisher, B. S., & Regan, S. L. (2006). The extent and frequency of abuse in the lives of older women and their relationship with health outcomes. Gerontologist, 46(2), 200-209.
34. Foshee, V. A., Benefield, T., Suchindran, C., Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., Karriker-Jaffe, K. J., Reyes, H. L. M., & Mathias, J. (2009). The development of four types of adolescent dating abuse and selected demographic correlates. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 380-400.
35. Golding, J. M. (1999). Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 14(2), 99-132.
36. Goodman, L., Dutton, M. A., Vankos, N., & Weinfurt, K. (2005). Women's resources and use of strategies as risk and protective factors for reabuse over time. Violence Against Women, 11(3), 311-336. (Pubitemid 40305913)
37. Gottman, J. M., Jacobson, N. S., Rushe, R. H., Shortt, J. W., Babcock, J., Lataillade, J. J., & Waltz, J. (1995). The relationship between heart-rate reactivity, emotionally aggressive behavior, and general violence in batterers. Journal of Family Psychology, 9(3), 227-248.
38. Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Hughes, H. M. (2003). Intervention for children exposed to interparental violence (IPV): Assessment of needs and research priorities. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6(3), 189-204. (Pubitemid 38979772)
39. Hardesty, J. L., & Ganong, L. H. (2006). How women make custody decisions and manage co-parenting with abusive former husbands. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23(4), 543-563. (Pubitemid 44545734)
40. Herman, J. L. (1992a). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377-391.
41. Herman, J. L. (1992b). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.
42. Holtzworth-Munroe, A., & Stuart, G. L. (1994). Typologies of male batterers: Three subtypes and the differences among them. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 476-497. (Pubitemid 24976781)
43. Ireland, T. O., & Smith, C. A. (2009). Living in partner-violent families: Developmental links to antisocial behavior and relationship violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(3), 323-339.
44. Iverson, K. M., Shenk, C., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2009). Dialectical behavior therapy for women victims of domestic abuse: A pilot study. Professional Psychology-Research and Practice, 40(3), 242-248.
45. Jacobson, N. S., Gottman, J. M., & Shortt, J. W. (1995). The distinction between Type-1 and Type-2 batterers -further considerations: Reply to Ornduff et al. (1995), Margolin et al. (1995), and Walker (1995). Journal of Family Psychology, 9(3), 272-279.
46. Jezl, D. R., Molidor, C. E., & Wright, T. L. (1996). Physical, sexual and psychological abuse in high school dating relationships: Prevalence rates and self-esteem issues. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 13(1), 69-87.
47. Johnson, M. P. (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: Two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(2), 283-294.
48. Johnson, M. P. (2010). Langhinrichsen-Rolling's confirmation of the feminist analysis of intimate partner violence: Comment on "controversies involving gender and intimate partner violence in the United States." Sex Roles, 62, 212-219.
49. Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: Making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(4), 948-963.
50. Kamphuis, J. H., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2001). Traumatic distress among supportseeking female victims of stalking. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(5), 795-798. (Pubitemid 32429850)
51. Katerndahl, D. A., Burge, S. K., Ferrer, R. L., Becho, J., & Wood, R. (2010). Complex dynamics in intimate partner violence: A time series study of 16 women. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12(4), e1-e12, doi: 10.4088/PCC.09m00859whi.
52. Katerndahl, D. A., Burge, S. K., Ferrer, R. L., Becho, J., & Wood, R. C. (2012). Understanding intimate partner violence dynamics using mixed methods. Families Systems and Health, 30(2), 141-153.
53. Klevens, J., Sadowski, L., Kee, R., Trick, W., & Garcia, D. (2012). Comparison of screening and referral strategies for exposure to partner violence. Women's Health Issues, 22(1), e45-e52.
54. Koepsell, J. K., Kernic, M. A., & Holt, V. L. (2006). Factors that influence battered women to leave their abusive relationships. Violence and Victims, 21(2), 131-147. (Pubitemid 43668262)
55. Krupnick, J. L. (2002). Brief psychodynamic treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(8), 919-932. (Pubitemid 34804033)
56. Leonard, K. E. (2005). Alcohol and intimate partner violence: When can we say that heavy drinking is a contributing cause of violence? Addiction, 100(4), 422-425. (Pubitemid 40529828)
57. Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., Davidson, W. S., & von Eye, A. (2000). Risk and protective factors for domestic violence: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
58. Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., Theran, S. A., Trotter, J. S., von Eye, A., & Davidson, W. S. (2004). The social networks of women experiencing domestic violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 34(1/2), 95-109. (Pubitemid 39550674)
59. Lewis, S. F., & Fremouw, W. (2001). Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 105-127.
60. Linehan, M. M. (1987). Dialectical behavior therapy: A cognitive behavioral approach to parasuicide. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1, 329-333.
61. Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford.
62. Luxenburg, T., Spinazzola, J., & van der Kolk, B. (2001). Complex trauma and the disorders of extreme stress (DESNOS) diagnosis, part one: Assessment. Directions in Psychiatry, 21, 373-392.
63. Mburia-Mwalili, A., Clements-Nolle, K., Lee, W., Shadley, M., & Yang, W. (2010). Intimate partner violence and depression in a population-based sample of women: Can social support help? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(12), 2258-2278.
64. McCloskey, K., & Grigsby, N. (2005). The ubiquitous, clinical problem of adult intimate partner violence: The need for routine assessment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(3), 264-275. (Pubitemid 41110888)
65. McLean, L. M., & Gallop, R. (2003). Implications of childhood sexual abuse for adult borderline personality disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(2), 369-371. (Pubitemid 41110466)
66. Meadows, L. A., Kaslow, N. J., Thompson, M. P., & Jurkovic, G. J. (2005). Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1-2), 109-121. (Pubitemid 41225132)
67. Merritt-Gray, M., & Wuest, J. (1995). Counteracting abuse and breaking free: The process of leaving revealed through women's voices. Health Care for Women International, 16, 399-412.
68. Moss, V. A., Pitula, C. R., Campbell, J. C., & Halstead, L. (1997). The experience of terminating an abusive relationship from an Anglo and African American perspective: A qualitative descriptive study. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 18, 433-454. (Pubitemid 127498611)
69. Munoz-Rivas, M. J., Grana, J. L., O'Leary, K. D., & Gonzalez, M. P. (2007). Aggression in adolescent dating relationships: Prevalence, justification, and health consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(4), 298-304. (Pubitemid 46386472)
70. Nathanson, A. M., Shorey, R. C., Tirone, V., & Rhatigan, D. L. (2012). The prevalence of mental health disorders in a community sample of female victims of intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse, 3(1), 59-75.
71. Nixon, R. D. V., Resick, P. A., & Nishith, P. (2004). An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(2), 315-320. (Pubitemid 39370836)
72. Okuda, M., Olfson, M., Hasin, D., Grant, B. F., Lin, K. H., & Blanco, C. (2011). Mental health of victims of intimate partner violence: Results from a national epidemiologic survey. Psychiatric Services, 62(8), 959-962.
73. Pelcovitz, D., van der Kolk, B., Roth, S., Mandel, F., Kaplan, S., & Resick, P. (1997). Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES). Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10(1), 3-16. (Pubitemid 27089100)
74. Pence, E., & Paymar, M. (1993). Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth Model. New York: Springer.
75. Petersen, R., Gazmararian, J., & Andersen Clark, K. (2001). Partner violence: Implications for health and community settings. Womens Health Issues, 11(2), 116-125. (Pubitemid 32220166)
76. Pico-Alfonso, M. A. (2005). Psychological intimate partner violence: The major predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder in abused women. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29(1), 181-193. (Pubitemid 40094587)
77. Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2008). Personality disorder symptoms in women as a result of chronic intimate male partner violence. Journal of Family Violence, 23(7), 577-588.
78. Pico-Alfonso, M. A., Garcia-Linares, M. I., Celda-Navarro, N., Blasco-Ros, C., Echeburua, E., & Martinez, M. (2006). The impact of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate male partner violence on women's mental health: Depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, state anxiety, and suicide. Journal of Women's Health, 15, 599-611. (Pubitemid 44082669)
79. Plummer, S. B., & Findley, P. A. (2012). Women with disabilities experience with physical and sexual abuse: Review of the literature and implications for the field. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 13(1), 15-29.
80. Reynolds, F., & Shepherd, C. (2011). Young women's accounts of intimate partner violence during adolescence and subsequent recovery processes: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy- Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3), 314-334.
81. Rhodes, K. V., Cerulli, C., Dichter, M. E., Kothari, C. L., & Barg, F. K. (2010). "I didn't want to put them through that": The influence of children on victim decisionmaking in intimate partner violence cases. Journal of Family Violence, 25(5), 485-493.
82. Roth, S., Newman, E., Pelcovitz, D., van der Kolk, B., & Mandel, F. S. (1997). Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: Results from the DSM-IV field trial for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 539-555. (Pubitemid 27508855)
83. Saltzman, L. E., Johnson, C. H., Gilbert, B. C., & Goodwin, M. M. (2003). Physical abuse around the time of pregnancy: An examination of prevalence and risk factors in 16 states. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 7, 31-43.
84. Sar, V. (2011). Developmental trauma, complex PTSD, and the current proposal of DSM-5. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.5622.
85. Saunders, D. G. (1992). A typology of men who batter women: Three types. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 62, 264-275.
86. Saunders, D. G. (2002). Are physical assaults by wives and girlfriends a major social problem? A review of the literature. Violence Against Women, 8(12), 1424-1448. (Pubitemid 41461814)
87. Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., & Gray, S. H. (2008). Contributions of psychodynamic approaches to treatment of PTSD and trauma: A review of the empirical treatment and psychopathology literature. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 71(1), 13-34. (Pubitemid 351549273)
88. Scott, S., & Babcock, J. C. (2010). Attachment as a moderator between intimate partner violence and PTSD symptoms. Journal of Family Violence, 25(1), 1-9.
89. Sharhabani-Arzy, R., Amir, M., Kotler, M., & Liran, R. (2003). The toll of domestic violence: PTSD among battered women in an Israeli sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(11), 1335-1346. (Pubitemid 37331505)
90. Siegel, J. P. (2006). Dyadic splitting in partner relational disorders. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(3), 418-422. (Pubitemid 44343939)
91. Siegel, J. P., & Forero, R. M. (2012). Splitting and emotional regulation in partner violence. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40(2), 224-230.
92. Slotter, E. B., & Finkel, E. (2011). I3 theory: Instigating, impelling, and inhibiting factors in aggression. In P. Shaver & M. Mikulincer (Eds.), Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences (pp. 35-52). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
93. Slotter, E. B., Finkel, E. J., Dewall, C. N., Pond, R. S., Lambert, N. M., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Putting the brakes on aggression toward a romantic partner: The inhibitory influence of relationship commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 291-305.
94. Smetana, J. G., Campione-Barr, N., & Metzger, A. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 255-284. (Pubitemid 43239578)
95. Sokoloff, N. J., & Dupont, I. (2005). Domestic violence at the intersections of race, class, and gender challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities. Violence Against Women, 11(1), 38-64. (Pubitemid 40030942)
96. Spangaro, J., Poulos, R. G., & Zwi, A. B. (2011). Pandora doesn't live here anymore: Normalization of screening for intimate partner violence in Australian antenatal, mental health, and substance abuse services. Violence and Victims, 26(1), 130-144.
97. Spermon, D., Darlington, Y., & Gibney, P. (2010). Psychodynamic psychotherapy for complex trauma: Targets, focus, applications, and outcomes. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 3, 119-127.
98. Stark, E., & Flitcraft, A. (1996). Women at risk: Domestic violence and women's health. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
99. Stein, A. (2012). Engendered self-states: Dissociated affect, social discourse, and the forfeiture of agency in battered women. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 29(1), 34-58.
100. Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66(2-3), 133-138. (Pubitemid 32907518)
101. Stover, C. S., Meadows, A. L., & Kaufman, J. (2009). Interventions for intimate partner violence: Review and implications for evidence-based practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(3), 223-233.
102. Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1988). Violence in American families: How much is there and why does it occur? In E. W. Nunnally, C. Chilman, & F. M. Cox (Eds.), Troubled relationships (pp. 141-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
103. Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (Eds.). (1990). Physical violence in American families -Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8, 145 families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
104. Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. I. (1999). Reducing violence using community-based advocacy for women with abusive partners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(1), 43-53. (Pubitemid 29077508)
105. Taillieu, T. L., & Brownridge, D. A. (2010). Violence against pregnant women: Prevalence, patterns, risk factors, theories, and directions for future research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(1), 14-35.
106. Temple, J. R., Weston, R., & Marshall, L. L. (2005). Physical and mental health outcomes of women in nonviolent, unilaterally violent, and mutually violent relationships. Violence and Victims, 20(3), 335-359. (Pubitemid 41292231)
107. Theran, S. A., Sullivan, C. M., Bogat, G. A., & Sutherland, C. (2006). Abusive partners versus ex-partners: Understanding the effects of relationship to the abuser on well-being and social support. Violence Against Women, 12, 950-969. (Pubitemid 44359253)
108. Thompson, M. P., Kaslow, N. J., Kingree, J. B., Rashid, A., Puett, R., Jacobs, D., & Matthews, A. (2000). Partner violence, social support, and distress among inner-city African American women. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(1), 127-143.
109. Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, nature, and consequences of intimate partner violence: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice and Centers for Disease Control Prevention.
110. Travis, L. A., Bliwise, N. G., Binder, J. L., & Lynn, H. (2001). Changes in clients' attachment styles over the course of time-limited dynamic psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(2), 149-159. (Pubitemid 34525623)
111. van der Kolk, B. A. (1996). The complexity of adaptation to trauma: Self-regulation, stimulus discrimination, and characterological development. In B. Van der Kolk, A. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress (pp. 182-213). New York: Guilford.
112. van der Kolk, B. A., & Fisler, R. E. (1994). Childhood abuse and neglect and loss of self-regulation. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 58(2), 145-168. (Pubitemid 24152568)
113. Walker, L. E. (1979). The battered woman. New York: Harper & Row.
114. Wekerle, C., & Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Dating violence in mid-adolescence: Theory, significance, and emerging prevention initiatives. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(4), 435-456. (Pubitemid 29239558)
115. Weston, R., Temple, J. R., & Marshall, L. L. (2005). Gender symmetry and asymmetry in violent relationships: Patterns of mutuality among racially diverse women. Sex Roles, 53(7-8), 553-571. (Pubitemid 41767303)
116. Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., & Dutton, M. A. (2008). Childhood victimization and lifetime revictimization. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(8), 785-796.
117. Wilson, J. S., Ermshar, A. L., & Welsh, R. K. (2006). Stalking as paranoid attachment: A typological and dynamic model. Attachment and Human Development, 8, 139-157. (Pubitemid 44044296)
118. Yehuda, R., Halligan, S. L., & Grossman, R. (2001). Childhood trauma and risk for PTSD: Relationship to intergenerational effects of trauma, parental PTSD, and cortisol excretion. Development and Psychopathology, 13(3), 733-753. (Pubitemid 33406352)
119. Yoshioka, M. R., Gilbert, L., El-Bassel, N., & Baig-Amin, M. (2003). Social support and disclosure of abuse: Comparing South Asian, African American, and Hispanic battered women. Journal of Family Violence, 18(3), 171-180.