메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 129-138

Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Pulmonary embolism; Risk stratification

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; D DIMER; HEPARIN; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; INOTROPIC AGENT; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; TROPONIN I; TROPONIN T;

EID: 84879945439     PISSN: 12056626     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (349)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 0034023924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of venous thromboembolism in a communitybased study in western France
    • Oger E. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in a communitybased study in western France. Thromb Haemost 2000;83:657-60.
    • (2000) Thromb Haemost , vol.83 , pp. 657-660
    • Oger, E.1
  • 2
    • 63849194810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doporucení pro diagnostiku a lécbu akutní plicní embolie
    • Widimský J, Malý J, Eliáš P, et al. Doporucení pro diagnostiku a lécbu akutní plicní embolie. Vnitr. Lék 2008; 54: 1S25-1S72
    • (2008) Vnitr. Lék , vol.54
    • Widimský, J.1    Malý, J.2    Eliáš, P.3
  • 3
    • 52449110713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism
    • Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantidines S, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2008;29:2276-315.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 2276-2315
    • Torbicki, A.1    Perrier, A.2    Konstantidines, S.3
  • 4
    • 0034707687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic lung scans reveal a high frequency of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis
    • Meignan M, Rosso J, Gauthier H, et al. Systematic lung scans reveal a high frequency of silent pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:159-64.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 159-164
    • Meignan, M.1    Rosso, J.2    Gauthier, H.3
  • 5
    • 0034826665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical suspicion of fatal pulmonary embolism
    • Pineda LA, Hathwar VS, Grant BJ. Clinical suspicion of fatal pulmonary embolism. Chest 2001;120:791-5.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 791-795
    • Pineda, L.A.1    Hathwar, V.S.2    Grant, B.J.3
  • 6
    • 0033599765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pulmonary embolism: Clinical outcomes in the international cooperative pulmonary embolism registry (ICOPER)
    • Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: Clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet 1999;353:1386-9.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1386-1389
    • Goldhaber, S.Z.1    Visani, L.2    De Rosa, M.3
  • 7
    • 4644228314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: A prospective registry of 592 patients
    • Joffe HV, Kucher N, Tapson VF, et al. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: A prospective registry of 592 patients. Circulation 2004;110:1605-11.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 1605-1611
    • Joffe, H.V.1    Kucher, N.2    Tapson, V.F.3
  • 8
    • 0038471175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British thoracic society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism
    • British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Thorax 2003;58:470-83.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 470-483
  • 9
    • 0015116344 scopus 로고
    • The hemodynamic response to pulmonary embolism in patients without prior cardiopulmonary disease
    • McIntyre KM, Sasahara AA. The hemodynamic response to pulmonary embolism in patients without prior cardiopulmonary disease. Am J Cardiol 1971;28:288-94.
    • (1971) Am J Cardiol , vol.28 , pp. 288-294
    • McIntyre, K.M.1    Sasahara, A.A.2
  • 10
    • 0037057591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pumonary embolism
    • Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Heusel G, et al. Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pumonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1143.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1143
    • Konstantinides, S.1    Geibel, A.2    Heusel, G.3
  • 12
    • 0034691310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term clinical outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism, normal blood pressure, and echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction
    • Grifoni S, Olivotto I, Cecchini P, et al. Short-term clinical outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism, normal blood pressure, and echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 2000;101:2817-22.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2817-2822
    • Grifoni, S.1    Olivotto, I.2    Cecchini, P.3
  • 13
    • 84879938450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soucasná lécba pacientu s akutní a subakutní plicní embolií s ohledem na nove publikovaná doporucení diagnostiky a lécby tohoto onemocnení
    • Král A, Belohlávek J, Dytrych V, et al. Soucasná lécba pacientu s akutní a subakutní plicní embolií s ohledem na nove publikovaná doporucení diagnostiky a lécby tohoto onemocnení. Cor Vasa 2009;51:11-12.
    • (2009) Cor Vasa , vol.51 , pp. 11-12
    • Král, A.1    Belohlávek, J.2    Dytrych, V.3
  • 14
    • 73449141143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nekolik poznámek k plicní embolii
    • Widimský J. Nekolik poznámek k plicní embolii. Cor Vasa 2009;51:11-12.
    • (2009) Cor Vasa , vol.51 , pp. 11-12
    • Widimský, J.1
  • 15
    • 23044434439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of syncope in the presentation of pulmonary embolism
    • Jimenez D, Diaz G, Valle M. Prognostic value of syncope in the presentation of pulmonary embolism. Arch Bronconeumol 2005;41:385-8.
    • (2005) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.41 , pp. 385-388
    • Jimenez, D.1    Diaz, G.2    Valle, M.3
  • 16
    • 79251482780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic thrombembolic pulmonary hypertension
    • Piazza G, Goldhaber SZ. Chronic thrombembolic pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2011;364:351-60.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 351-360
    • Piazza, G.1    Goldhaber, S.Z.2
  • 17
    • 80053559812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical decision rules for excluding pulmonary embolism: A meta-analysis
    • Lucassen W, Geersing GJ, Erkens PM, et al. Clinical decision rules for excluding pulmonary embolism: A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2011;155:448.
    • (2011) Ann Intern Med , vol.155 , pp. 448
    • Lucassen, W.1    Geersing, G.J.2    Erkens, P.M.3
  • 18
    • 79251575325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) rule does not safely exclude pulmonary embolism
    • Hugli O, Righini M, Le Gal G, et al. The pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC) rule does not safely exclude pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:300.
    • (2011) J Thromb Haemost , vol.9 , pp. 300
    • Hugli, O.1    Righini, M.2    Le Gal, G.3
  • 19
    • 84856528867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography angiography in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism - Too often considered?
    • Haap MM, Gatidis S, Horger M, et al. Computed tomography angiography in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism - too often considered? Am J Emerg Med 2012;30:325-30.
    • (2012) Am J Emerg Med , vol.30 , pp. 325-330
    • Haap, M.M.1    Gatidis, S.2    Horger, M.3
  • 20
    • 39849091192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased diagnosis of pulmonary embolism without a corresponding decline in mortality during the CT era
    • Burge AJ, Freeman KD, Klapper PJ, et al. Increased diagnosis of pulmonary embolism without a corresponding decline in mortality during the CT era. Clin Radiol 2008;63:381-6.
    • (2008) Clin Radiol , vol.63 , pp. 381-386
    • Burge, A.J.1    Freeman, K.D.2    Klapper, P.J.3
  • 21
    • 67649604199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical ostial celiac trunk stenosis presenting as abdominal angina during massive pulmonary embolism with cardiogenic shock
    • Belohlávek J, Beran S, Linhart A. Critical ostial celiac trunk stenosis presenting as abdominal angina during massive pulmonary embolism with cardiogenic shock. J Invasive Cardiol 2009;21:139-40.
    • (2009) J Invasive Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 139-140
    • Belohlávek, J.1    Beran, S.2    Linhart, A.3
  • 22
    • 77956581757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doporucený Postup Pro Diagnostiku A Lécbu Akutních Koronárních Syndromu Bez Elevací ST Úseku Na EKG
    • Cor Vasa 2008 50(Suppl):1S7-1S23. Ceská kardiologická spolecnost
    • Belohlávek J, Aschermann M: Doporucený postup pro diagnostiku a lécbu akutních koronárních syndromu bez elevací ST úseku na EKG. Vnitr Lék. 2008:54(Supl 1):1S7-1S23, Cor Vasa 2008:50(Suppl):1S7-1S23. Ceská kardiologická spolecnost.
    • (2008) Vnitr Lék. , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Belohlávek, J.1    Aschermann, M.2
  • 23
    • 78751635399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient-level metaanalysis: Effect of measurement timing, threshold, and patient age on ability of D-dimer testing to assess recurrence risk after unprovoked venous thromboembolism
    • Douketis J, Tosetto A, Marcucci M, et al. Patient-level metaanalysis: Effect of measurement timing, threshold, and patient age on ability of D-dimer testing to assess recurrence risk after unprovoked venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:523-31.
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 523-531
    • Douketis, J.1    Tosetto, A.2    Marcucci, M.3
  • 24
    • 34547602681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of troponins in acute pulmonary embolism
    • Becattini C, Vedovati MC, Agnelli G. Prognostic value of troponins in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2007;116:427-33.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 427-433
    • Becattini, C.1    Vedovati, M.C.2    Agnelli, G.3
  • 25
    • 45849152538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with haemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism: A systematic review
    • Sanchez O, Trinquart L, Colombet I et al. Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with haemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism: A systematic review. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1569-77.
    • (2008) Eur Heart J , vol.29 , pp. 1569-1577
    • Sanchez, O.1    Trinquart, L.2    Colombet, I.3
  • 26
    • 70049084382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troponin-based risk stratification of patients with acute nonmassive pulmonary embolism
    • Jiménez D, Uresandi F, Otero R, et al. Troponin-based risk stratification of patients with acute nonmassive pulmonary embolism. Chest 2009;136:974-82.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , pp. 974-982
    • Jiménez, D.1    Uresandi, F.2    Otero, R.3
  • 27
    • 34248996229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent NT-proBNP elevation in acute pulmonary embolism predicts early death
    • Kostrubiec M, Pruszczyk P, Kaczynska A, Kucher N. Persistent NT-proBNP elevation in acute pulmonary embolism predicts early death. Clin Chim Acta 2007;382:124-8.
    • (2007) Clin Chim Acta , vol.382 , pp. 124-128
    • Kostrubiec, M.1    Pruszczyk, P.2    Kaczynska, A.3    Kucher, N.4
  • 28
    • 79951808149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostika a lécba akutní plicní embolie v roce 2010
    • Widimský J. Diagnostika a lécba akutní plicní embolie v roce 2010. Vnitrní lékarství 2011;57:5-21.
    • (2011) Vnitrní Lékarství , vol.57 , pp. 5-21
    • Widimský, J.1
  • 29
    • 8744315507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: A predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism
    • Schoepf UJ, Kucher N, Kipfmueller F, et al. Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: a predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2004 16;110:3276-80.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.16 , Issue.110 , pp. 3276-3280
    • Schoepf, U.J.1    Kucher, N.2    Kipfmueller, F.3
  • 30
    • 80051651891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CT Signs of right ventricular dysfunction: Prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolism
    • Kang KD, Thilo C, Schoepf J, et al. CT Signs of right ventricular dysfunction: Prognostic role in acute pulmonary embolism. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:841-9.
    • (2011) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.4 , pp. 841-849
    • Kang, K.D.1    Thilo, C.2    Schoepf, J.3
  • 31
    • 0038576102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of acute pulmonary embolism: Evaluation of a new spiral CT angiographic score in correlation with echocardiographic data
    • Mastora I, Remy-Jardin M, Masson P, et al. Severity of acute pulmonary embolism: Evaluation of a new spiral CT angiographic score in correlation with echocardiographic data. Eur Radiol 2003;13:29-35.
    • (2003) Eur Radiol , vol.13 , pp. 29-35
    • Mastora, I.1    Remy-Jardin, M.2    Masson, P.3
  • 32
    • 0034992106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism: Comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography
    • Qanadli SD, El Hajjam M, Vieillard-Baron A, et al. New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism: comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;176:1415-20.
    • (2001) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.176 , pp. 1415-1420
    • Qanadli, S.D.1    El Hajjam, M.2    Vieillard-Baron, A.3
  • 33
    • 84856619004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity assessment of pulmonary embolism using dual energy CT - Correlation of a pulmonary perfusion defect score with clinical and morphological parameters of blood oxygenation and right ventricular failure
    • Thieme SF, Ashoori N, Bamberg F, et al. Severity assessment of pulmonary embolism using dual energy CT - correlation of a pulmonary perfusion defect score with clinical and morphological parameters of blood oxygenation and right ventricular failure. Eur Radiol 2011;22:269-78.
    • (2011) Eur Radiol , vol.22 , pp. 269-278
    • Thieme, S.F.1    Ashoori, N.2    Bamberg, F.3
  • 34
    • 81955168125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual emboli on lung perfusion scan or multidetector computed tomography after a first episode of acute pulmonary embolism
    • Cosmi B, Nijkeuter M, Valentino M, et al. Residual emboli on lung perfusion scan or multidetector computed tomography after a first episode of acute pulmonary embolism. Int Emerg Med 2011;6:521-8.
    • (2011) Int Emerg Med , vol.6 , pp. 521-528
    • Cosmi, B.1    Nijkeuter, M.2    Valentino, M.3
  • 35
    • 0034852401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cor pulmonale in massive pulmonary embolism: Incidence, echocardiographic pattern, clinical implications and recovery rate
    • Vieillard-Baron A, Page B, Augarde R, et al. Acute cor pulmonale in massive pulmonary embolism: incidence, echocardiographic pattern, clinical implications and recovery rate. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:1481-6.
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1481-1486
    • Vieillard-Baron, A.1    Page, B.2    Augarde, R.3
  • 36
    • 0037035521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echocardiography in the management of pulmonary embolism
    • Goldhaber SZ. Echocardiography in the management of pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:691-700.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 691-700
    • Goldhaber, S.Z.1
  • 37
    • 16544366756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of right ventricular dysfunction on the prognosis and therapy of normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism
    • Kreit JW. The impact of right ventricular dysfunction on the prognosis and therapy of normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism. Chest 2004;125:1539-45.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 1539-1545
    • Kreit, J.W.1
  • 38
    • 79955942782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of mitral and tricuspid annular excursion in the diagnostics of acute pulmonary embolism patients with chronic heart failure
    • Gromadzinski L, Ciurzynski M, Januszko-Giergielewicz B, et al. Diagnostic value of mitral and tricuspid annular excursion in the diagnostics of acute pulmonary embolism patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2011;149:118-9.
    • (2011) Int J Cardiol , vol.149 , pp. 118-119
    • Gromadzinski, L.1    Ciurzynski, M.2    Januszko-Giergielewicz, B.3
  • 39
    • 84879951645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zásadní role echokardiografie u akutní plicní embolie
    • Dytrych V, Belohlávek J, Král A, Linhart A. Zásadní role echokardiografie u akutní plicní embolie. Interv Akut Kardiol 2011;10(Suppl A):17-19.
    • (2011) Interv Akut Kardiol , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 17-19
    • Dytrych, V.1    Belohlávek, J.2    Král, A.3    Linhart, A.4
  • 40
    • 0038308855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right heart thrombi in pulmonary embolism: Results from the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry
    • Torbicki A, Galie N, Covezzoli A, et al. Right heart thrombi in pulmonary embolism: Results from the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:2245-52.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 2245-2252
    • Torbicki, A.1    Galie, N.2    Covezzoli, A.3
  • 41
    • 0030041074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floating right heart thrombi and pulmonary embolism: Diagnosis, outcome and therapeutic management
    • Chapoutot L, Nazeyrollas P, Metz D, et al. Floating right heart thrombi and pulmonary embolism: Diagnosis, outcome and therapeutic management. Cardiology 1996;87:169-74.
    • (1996) Cardiology , vol.87 , pp. 169-174
    • Chapoutot, L.1    Nazeyrollas, P.2    Metz, D.3
  • 42
    • 0034668078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between the diameter of a patent foramen ovale and the risk of embolic cerebrovascular events
    • Schuchlenz H, Weihs W, Horner S, et al. The association between the diameter of a patent foramen ovale and the risk of embolic cerebrovascular events. Am J Med 2000;109:456-62.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.109 , pp. 456-462
    • Schuchlenz, H.1    Weihs, W.2    Horner, S.3
  • 43
    • 0032546634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patent foramen ovale is an important predictor of adverse outcome in patients with major pulmonary embolism
    • Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Kasper W, et al. Patent foramen ovale is an important predictor of adverse outcome in patients with major pulmonary embolism. Circulation 1998;97:1946.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1946
    • Konstantinides, S.1    Geibel, A.2    Kasper, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.