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1
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84864049574
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Effect of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy
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This paper was a recent summary of the epidemiological evidence for physical inactivity and health using a burden of disease approach. It is slightly outside the remit of 'sitting and health' research, but is an important recent distillation of the health impact of not being physically active, with an estimated 9% of premature mortality across the world attributed to physical inactivity (not meeting moderate intensity physical activity recommendations). This is around 5 million deaths per year that could be prevented if physical inactivity were abolished, and is a similar attributable number for tobacco smoking globally, and substantially larger to that attributed to obesity. For this reason, physical inactivity remains an important and under-recognized issue in preventive health
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• Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major noncommunicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380: 219-29. This paper was a recent summary of the epidemiological evidence for physical inactivity and health using a burden of disease approach. It is slightly outside the remit of 'sitting and health' research, but is an important recent distillation of the health impact of not being physically active, with an estimated 9% of premature mortality across the world attributed to physical inactivity (not meeting moderate intensity physical activity recommendations). This is around 5 million deaths per year that could be prevented if physical inactivity were abolished, and is a similar attributable number for tobacco smoking globally, and substantially larger to that attributed to obesity. For this reason, physical inactivity remains an important and under-recognized issue in preventive health.
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(2012)
Lancet
, vol.380
, pp. 219-229
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Lee, I.M.1
Shiroma, E.J.2
Lobelo, F.3
Puska, P.4
Blair, S.N.5
Katzmarzyk, P.T.6
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3
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78651489339
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Sedentary behaviors and health outcomes among adults: a systematic review of prospective studies
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This systematic review explored the relationship between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes in adults, and identified 19 studies. The evidence was mixed for some outcomes, but a moderate evidence for sitting behavior and diabetes was evident, and a strong relationship between sitting behavior and all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was noted. This type of summary is starting to synthesize the evidence that enables us to move towards public health recommendations
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• Proper KI, Singh AS, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJM. Sedentary behaviors and health outcomes among adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40: 174-82. This systematic review explored the relationship between sedentary behaviors and health outcomes in adults, and identified 19 studies. The evidence was mixed for some outcomes, but a moderate evidence for sitting behavior and diabetes was evident, and a strong relationship between sitting behavior and all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality was noted. This type of summary is starting to synthesize the evidence that enables us to move towards public health recommendations.
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(2011)
Am J Prev Med
, vol.40
, pp. 174-182
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Proper, K.I.1
Singh, A.S.2
van Mechelen, W.3
Chinapaw, M.J.M.4
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4
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79960530086
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Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies, 1996-2011
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Thorp AA, Owen N, Neuhaus M, Dunstan DW. Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies, 1996-2011. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41: 207-15.
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(2011)
Am J Prev Med.
, vol.41
, pp. 207-215
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Thorp, A.A.1
Owen, N.2
Neuhaus, M.3
Dunstan, D.W.4
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5
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79958713673
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Television viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality
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Grøntved A, Hu FB. Television viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. JAMA. 2011;305: 2448-55.
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(2011)
Jama
, vol.305
, pp. 2448-2455
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Grøntved, A.1
Hu, F.B.2
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6
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84864246550
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Sedentary behavior and life expectancy in the USA: a cause-deleted life table analysis
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This meta-analysis reviewed studies of sitting and mortality, and estimated increased life expectancy amongst USA adults if sitting time was reduced. The authors estimated that life expectancy would increase by 2 years if sitting were reduced to less than 3 hours per day, and an increase of 1.38 years in life expectancy would accrue if television viewing was restricted to less than 2 hours per day. Whilst the former may be a difficult goal to achieve in sedentary workplaces, the latter is a population health goal that might be achievable if alternate ways of spending time in domestic setting, became culturally normative. This is a long term approach, but is an important idea in thinking about the beneficial effects of reducing sitting time
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• Katzmarzyk PT, Lee IM. Sedentary behavior and life expectancy in the USA: a cause-deleted life table analysis. BMJ Open. 2012;2: 4. This meta-analysis reviewed studies of sitting and mortality, and estimated increased life expectancy amongst USA adults if sitting time was reduced. The authors estimated that life expectancy would increase by 2 years if sitting were reduced to less than 3 hours per day, and an increase of 1. 38 years in life expectancy would accrue if television viewing was restricted to less than 2 hours per day. Whilst the former may be a difficult goal to achieve in sedentary workplaces, the latter is a population health goal that might be achievable if alternate ways of spending time in domestic setting, became culturally normative. This is a long term approach, but is an important idea in thinking about the beneficial effects of reducing sitting time.
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(2012)
BMJ Open
, vol.2
, pp. 4
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Katzmarzyk, P.T.1
Lee, I.M.2
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7
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0033822207
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Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
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Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(9 Suppl): S498-504.
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Ainsworth, B.E.1
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Whitt, M.C.3
Irwin, M.L.4
Swartz, A.M.5
Strath, S.J.6
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8
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84860464491
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Standardized use of the terms "sedentary" and "sedentary behaviors"
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Sedentary Behavior Research NetworkThis methodological note describes the difference between not meeting physical activity recommendations (being inactive) and the specificsedentary behaviors, defined as "waking time behavior with an energy expenditure of less than 1.5 METS, whilst in a sitting or reclining position". This definition is important because light physical activity might not meet recommendations, and includes standing or walking around, but is not classified as 'sedentary behavior' time. This distinction is important physiologically, epidemiologically, and for characterizing people's lifestyle behaviors
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• Sedentary Behavior Research Network. Standardized use of the terms "sedentary" and "sedentary behaviors". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37: 540-2. This methodological note describes the difference between not meeting physical activity recommendations (being inactive) and the specificsedentary behaviors, defined as "waking time behavior with an energy expenditure of less than 1. 5 METS, whilst in a sitting or reclining position". This definition is important because light physical activity might not meet recommendations, and includes standing or walking around, but is not classified as 'sedentary behavior' time. This distinction is important physiologically, epidemiologically, and for characterizing people's lifestyle behaviors.
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(2012)
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
, vol.37
, pp. 540-542
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9
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41349118958
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Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004
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Matthews CE, Chen KY, Freedson PS, Buchowski MS, Beech BM, Pate RR, et al. Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167: 875-81.
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Am J Epidemiol
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Matthews, C.E.1
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Pate, R.R.6
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10
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79954476057
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Health Reports, Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 82-003-XPE
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Colley RC, Garriguet D, Janssen I, Craig CL, Clarke J, Tremblay MS. Physical activity of Canadian adults: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Reports, Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 82-003-XPE. 2011;22.
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Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey
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Colley, R.C.1
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Janssen, I.3
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11
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77952365305
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Levels and patterns of objectively assessed physical activity - a comparison between Sweden and the United States
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Hagströmer M, Troiano RP, Sjöström M, Berrigan D. Levels and patterns of objectively assessed physical activity - a comparison between Sweden and the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171: 1055-64.
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Hagströmer, M.1
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12
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59549091952
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Health survey for England 2008 Volume 1
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UK: the NHS Information Centre for health and social care
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Aresu M, Bécares L, Brage S, Chaudhury M, Doyle-Francis M, Esliger D, et al. Health survey for England 2008 Volume 1. Physical activity and fitness. UK: the NHS Information Centre for health and social care, 2009.
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Physical activity and fitness
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Aresu, M.1
Bécares, L.2
Brage, S.3
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Esliger, D.6
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13
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The descriptive epidemiology of sitting-a 20-country comparison using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
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Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Sallis JF, Hagströmer M, Craig CL, Bull FC, et al. The descriptive epidemiology of sitting-a 20-country comparison using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Am J Prev Med. 2011;41: 228-35.
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Craig, C.L.5
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14
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84862274534
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Temporal trends in nonoccupational sedentary behaviors from Australian Time Use Surveys 1992, 1997, and 2006
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Chau JY, Merom D, Grunseit A, Rissel C, Bauman AE, van der Ploeg HP. Temporal trends in nonoccupational sedentary behaviors from Australian Time Use Surveys 1992, 1997, and 2006. IJBNPA. 2012;9: 76.
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15
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Population changes in nonoccupational sedentary behaviors in The Netherlands between 1975 and 2005
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van der Ploeg HP, Venugopal K, Chau JY, van Poppel MNM, Breedveld K, Merom D, et al. Population changes in nonoccupational sedentary behaviors in The Netherlands between 1975 and 2005. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44: 382-7.
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Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity
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Church TS, Thomas DM, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT, Earnest CP, Rodarte RQ, et al. Trends over 5 decades in U. S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS One. 2011;6: e19657.
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Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility: evidence from bed-rest studies
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Bergouignan A, Rudwill F, Simon C, Blanc S. Physical inactivity as the culprit of metabolic inflexibility: evidence from bed-rest studies. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111: 1201-10.
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Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
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Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes. 2007;56: 2655-67.
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Glucose transporter protein content and glucose transport capacity in rat skeletal muscles
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Changes in insulin-stimulated glucose transport and GLUT-4 protein in rat skeletal muscle after training
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Suppression of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity during physical inactivity: a molecular reason to maintain daily low-intensity activity
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Bey L, Hamilton MT. Suppression of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity during physical inactivity: a molecular reason to maintain daily low-intensity activity. J Physiol. 2003;551: 673-82.
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79959326662
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Effects of 1 day of inactivity on insulin action in healthy men and women: interaction with energy intake
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84862096118
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Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses
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This experimental study examines physiological responses to sitting and compares a small number of mid aged adults in a randomized trial, with subjects allocated uninterrupted sitting, 2 minutes of light intensity every 20 minutes, and 2 minutes of moderate intensity every 20 minutes. This tests the question whether interrupting sitting with just standing or with moderate intensity activity improves physiological parameters. Objectively measured glucose uptake was examined, and the area under the curve was reduced in both the standing and moderate intensity categories compared with uninterrupted sitting. The insulin 'area under the curve' was similarly reduced in both intervention groups, suggesting post prandial responses to sitting are ameliorated by interrupting sitting time. This has implications for normalizing sitting related physiological responses
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• Dunstan DW, Kingwell BA, Larsen R, Healy GN, Cerin E, Hamilton MT, et al. Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Diabetes Care. 2012;35: 976-83. This experimental study examines physiological responses to sitting and compares a small number of mid aged adults in a randomized trial, with subjects allocated uninterrupted sitting, 2 minutes of light intensity every 20 minutes, and 2 minutes of moderate intensity every 20 minutes. This tests the question whether interrupting sitting with just standing or with moderate intensity activity improves physiological parameters. Objectively measured glucose uptake was examined, and the area under the curve was reduced in both the standing and moderate intensity categories compared with uninterrupted sitting. The insulin 'area under the curve' was similarly reduced in both intervention groups, suggesting post prandial responses to sitting are ameliorated by interrupting sitting time. This has implications for normalizing sitting related physiological responses.
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Dunstan, D.W.1
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26
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Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Wilmot EG, Edwardson CL, Achana FA, Davies MJ, Gorely T, Gray LJ, et al. Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2012;55: 2895-905.
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84873468051
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Chronic disease and sitting time in middle-aged Australian males: findings from the 45 and up Study
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George ES, Rosenkranz RR, Kolt GS. Chronic disease and sitting time in middle-aged Australian males: findings from the 45 and up Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10: 20.
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Self-reported sitting time and markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, and adiposity
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Sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time and metabolic variables in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
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Pinto Pereira SM, Ki M, Power C. Sedentary behavior and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in mid-life: the role of television-viewing and sitting at work. PLoS One. 2012;7: e31132. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0031132.
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Sitting time increases the overweight and obesity risk independently of walking time in elderly people from Spain
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Gomez-Cabello A, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Olivares PR, Hernandez-Perera R, Rodriguez-Marroyo JA, Mata E, et al. Sitting time increases the overweight and obesity risk independently of walking time in elderly people from Spain. Maturitas. 2012;73: 337-43.
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de Heer HD, Wilkinson AV, Strong LL, Bondy ML, Koehly LM. Sitting time and health outcomes among Mexican origin adults: obesity as a mediator. BMC Public Health. 2012;12.
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Chau JY, van der Ploeg HP, Merom D, Chey T, Bauman AE. Cross-sectional associations between occupational and leisure-time sitting, physical activity and obesity in working adults. Prev Med. 2012;54: 195-200.
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