Mesozoic sequence of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands): Witness of early Jurassic sea-floor spreading in the central Atlantic

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 110, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 1304-1317

  Steiner, Christian ^a   Hobson, Alice ^a   Favre, Philippe ^b   Stampfli, Gérard M ^a   Hernandez, Jean ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; SEDIMENTOLOGY; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

CONTINENTAL MARGIN; LOWER CRETACEOUS; MAGNETIC ANOMALIES; MESOZOIC SEQUENCES; MID-OCEANIC-RIDGE BASALTS; SEAFLOOR SPREADING; SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE; UPPER CRETACEOUS;

DEPOSITS;

JURASSIC; MESOZOIC; SEAFLOOR SPREADING;

CANARY ISLANDS;

EID: 84879882249     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1304:MSOFCI>2.3.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Ambroggi, R., 1963, Etude géologique du versant méridional du Haut Atlas occidental et de la plaine du Souss: Rabat, Morocco, Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, 321 p.
2. Banda, E., Danobeitia, J. J., Surinach, E., and Ansorge, J., 1981, Features of crustal structure under the Canary Islands: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 55, p. 11-24.
3. Barrera, J. L., Fúster, J. M., Ybenes, A., Múnoz, M., and Sagredo, J., 1984, Mapa geológico de España, Pájara: ENADISMA, scale 1: 25 000.
4. Baumgartner, P. O., Martire, L., Gorican, S., O'Dogherty, L., Erba, E., and Pillevuit, A., 1995, New Middle and Upper Jurassic radiolarian assemblages co-occurring with ammonites and nannofossils from the Southern Alps (Northern Italy), in Baumgartner, P. O., O'Dogherty, L., Gorican, S., Urquhart, E., Pillevuit, A., and De Wever, P., eds., Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Radiolarian of Tethys, occurrences, systematics, biochronology: Université de Lausanne Mémoires de Géologie, p. 737-750.
5. Bennel-Baker, M. J., Smewing, J. D., and Stillman, C. J., 1974, The Basal Complex of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 371, p. 330.
6. Bernoulli, D., 1972, North Atlantic and Mediterranean Mesozoic facies; a comparison, in Hollister, C. D., Ewing, J. I., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 11: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 801-822.
7. Bernoulli, D., 1981, Ancient continental margins of the Tethyan Ocean, in Bally, A. W., Watts, A. B., Grow, J. A., Manspeizer, W., Bernouilli, D., Schreiber, C., and Hunt, J. M., eds., Geology of passive continental margins; history, structure and sedimentologic record (with special emphasis on the Atlantic margin): American Association of Petroleum Geologists Education Course Note Series, p. 5/1-5/36.
8. Bernoulli, D., and Jenkyns, C., 1974, Alpine, Mediterranean, and central Atlantic Mesozoic facies in relation to the early evolution of the Tethys: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 19, p. 129-160.
9. Bernoulli, D., and Kälin, O., 1984, Jurassic sediments. Site 547, Northwest African Margin; remarks on stratigraphy, facies, and diagenesis, and comparison with some Tethyan equivalents, in Hinz, K., Winterer, E. L., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 437-448.
10. Bourcart, J., and Jérémine, E., 1938, Fuerteventura: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 4, p. 51-109.
11. Bown, P. R., 1996, Recent advances in Jurassic calcareous nannofossil research, in Riccardi A. C., ed., Advances in Jurassic research: GeoResearch Forum, v. 1-2, p. 55-66.
12. Boynton, W. V., 1984, Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements; meteorite studies, in Henderson, P., ed., Rare earth element geochemistry: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 63-114.
13. Cantagrel, J. M., Fúster, J. M., Pin, C., Renaud, U., and Ibarrola, E., 1993, Age Miocène inférieur des carbonatites de Fuerteventura (23 Ma : U-Pb zircon) et le magmatisme précoce d'une île oceanique (îles Canaries): Paris, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, sér. 2, v. 316, p. 1147-1153.
14. Channell, J. E. T., Erba, E., Nakanishi, M., Tamaki, K., 1995, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous time scale and oceanic magnetic anomaly block models, in Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J., eds., Geochronology, time scales and global stratigraphic correlation: Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Special Publication 54, p. 51-63.
15. Choubert, G., and Faure-Muret, A., 1962, Evolution du domaine atlasique marocain depuis les temps paléozoiques: Mémoires hors série de la Société Géologique de France, v. 1, p. 447-514.
16. Coello, J., Cantagrel, J. M., Hernan, F., Fuster, J. M., Ibarrola, E., Ancochea, E., Casquet, C., Jamond, C., Diaz de Teran, J. R., and Cendrero, A., 1992, Evolution of the eastern volcanic ridge of the Canary Islands based on new K-Ar data: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 53, p. 1-4.
17. De la Roche, H., Leterrier, J., Grandclaude, P., and Marchal, M., 1980, A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1R2-diagram and major-element analyses; its relationships with current nomenclature: Chemical Geology, v. 29, p. 183-210.
18. De Paepe, P., Gijbels, R., and Hertogen, J., 1971, Rare earths and some other trace elements in an igneous rock suite from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands): Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie, v. 80, p. 31-50.
19. De Paepe, P., Klerkx, J., Hertogen, J., and Plinke, P., 1974, Oceanic tholeiites on the Cape Verde Islands : Petrochemical and geochemical evidence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 22, p. 347-354.
20. Dupuy, C., and Dostal, J., 1984, Trace element geochemistry of some continental tholeiites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 67, p. 61-69.
21. Faugères, J.-C., 1978, Les Rides Sud-Rifaines: Évolution sédimentaires el structurale d'un bassin atlantico-mésogéen de la marge africaine [Ph.D. dissert.]: Université de Bordeaux 1, no. 590, 480 p.
22. Favre, P., 1992, Géologie des Massifs calcaires au front sud de l'unité de Ketama (Rif, Maroc) [Ph.D. dissert]: Université de Genève Publication du Département de Géologie et Paléontologie, v. 11, 138 p.
23. Favre, P., and Stampfli, G. M., 1992, From rifting to passive margin: The example of the Red Sea, central Atlantic and Alpine Tethys: Tectonophysics, v. 215, p. 69-97.
24. Favre, P., Stampfli, G., and Wildi, W., 1991, Jurassic sedimentary record and tectonic evolution of the northwestern corner of Africa: Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology, v. 87, p. 53-73.
25. Féraud, G., Giannérini, G., Campredon, R., and Stillman, C. J., 1985, Geochronology of some dyke swarms: A contribution to the volcano-tectonic evolution of the archipelgo: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 25, p. 29-52.
26. Flechtner, L., Friedricksen, H., and Hammerschmidt, K., 1992, Geochemistry and geochronology of early Mesozoic tholeiites from Central Morocco: Geologische Rundschau, v. 81, p. 45-62.
27. Floyd, P. A., and Winchester, J. A., 1975, Magma type and tectonic setting discrimination using immobile elements: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 27, p. 211-218.
28. Fúster, J. M., Cendrero, A., Gastesi, P., Ibarrola, E., and Lopez, R. J., 1968, Geologia y volcanologia de las bias Canarias, Fuerteventura: Madrid, Istituto Lucas Mallada, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 239 p.
29. Gagel, C., 1910, Die Mittelatlantischen Volkaninseln: Heidelberg, Handbuch der Regionales Geologie (Winter), v. 7, p. 1-32.
30. Gardner, J. V., Dean, W. E., and Jansa, L., 1977, Sediments recovered from the Northwest African continental margin, Leg 41, Deep Sea Drilling Project, in Lancelot, Y., Seibold, E., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 1121-1134.
31. Gastesi, P., 1973, Is the Betancuria Massif, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, an uplifted piece of oceanic crust?: Nature, v. 246, p. 102-104.
32. Gorican, S., 1993, Jurassic and Cretaceous radiolarian biostratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Budva zone (Dinarides, Montenegro): Université de Lausanne Mémoires de Géologie, 120 p.
33. Gradstein, F. M., Jansa, L. F., Srivastava, S. P., Williamson, M. A., Bonham Carter, G., and Stam, B., 1990, Aspects of North Atlantic palco-oceanography, in Keen, M. J., and Williams, G. L., eds., Geology of the continental margin of eastern Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Geological Survey of Canada, p. 351-389.
34. Gradstein, F. M., Agterberg, F. P., Ogg, J. G., Hardenbol, J., Van Veen, P., Thierry, J., and Huang, Z., 1995, A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous time scale, in Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Aubry, M.-P., and Hardenbol, J., eds., Geochronology, time scales and global stratigraphic correlation: Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Special Publication 54, p. 95-126.
35. Haq, B. U., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P., 1987, Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic: Science, v. 235, p. 1156-1167.
36. Hausen, H., 1958, On the geology of Fuerteventura: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Phys.-Math., v. 22, p. 1-211.
37. Heyman M. A. W., 1989, Tectonic and depositional history of the Moroccan continental margin, in Tankard, A. J., and Balkwill, H. R., eds., Extensional tectonics and stratigraphy of the North Atlantic margins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 46, 641 p.
38. Hinz, K., Dostmann, H., and Fritsch, J., 1982, The continental margin of Morocco; seismic sequences, structural elements and geological development, in von Rad, U., Hinz, K., Samthein, M., and Seibold, E., eds., Geology of the Northwest African continental margin: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 34-60.
39. Hinz, K., Winterer, E. L., Baumgartner, P. O., Bradshaw, M. J., Channell, J. E. T., Jaffrezo, M., Jansa, L. F., Leckie, R. M., Moore, J. N., Rullkoetter, J., Schaftenaar, C. H., Steiger, T. H., Vuchev, Y., and Wiegand, G. E., 1984, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 934 p.
40. Hoernle, K. A., and Tilton, G. R., 1991, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data for Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) basal complex and subacrial volcanics: Applications to magma genesis and evolution: Bulletin Suisse de Minéralogie et Pétrologie, v. 71, p. 3-18.
41. Holik, J. S., and Rabinowitz, P. D., 1992, Structural and tectonic evolution of oceanic crust within the Jurassic Quiet Zone, offshore Morocco, in Watkins, J. S., Zhiqiang, F., and McMillen, K. J., eds., Geology and geophysics of continental margins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 53, p. 259-281.
42. Hollard, H., Bensaid, M., and Boudda, A., 1985, Carte géologique du Maroc au 1/1'000'000: Rabat, Morocco, Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc.
43. Holser, W. T., Clement, G. P., Jansa, L. F., and Wade, J. A., 1988, Evaporite deposits of the North Atlantic Rift: Developments in Geotectonics, v. 22, p. 525-556.
44. Howell, D. G., and Normark, W. R., 1982, Sedimentology of submarine fans, in Scholle, P. A., and Spearing, D. E., eds., Sandstone depositional environments: Association of American Petroleum Geologists Memoir 31, p. 365-404.
45. Huon, S., Cornée, J. J., Piqué, A., Rais, N., Clauer, N., Liewig, N., and Zayane, R., 1993, Mise en évidence d'un métamorphisme statique d'âge triassico-liasique lié à l'ouverture de l'Atlantique: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 164, p. 165-176.
46. Jansa, L. F., 1986, Paleoceanography and evolution of the North Atlantic Ocean basin during the Jurassic in Vogt, P. R., and Tucholke, B. E., eds., The western North Atlantic region: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. M, p. 603-616.
47. Jansa, L. F., and Wiedmann, J., 1982, Mesozoic-Cenozoic development of the eastern North American and Northwest African continental margins; a comparison, in von Rad, U., Hinz, K., Sarnthein, M., and Seibold, E., eds., Geology of the Northwest African continental margin: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 215-269.
48. Jansa, L., Gardner, J. V., and Dean, W. E., 1977, Mesozoic sequences of the Central North Atlantic, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 41, in Lancelot, Y., Seibold, E., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 41: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 991-1010.
49. Jansa, L. F., Steiger, T. H., Bradshaw, M., 1984, Mesozoic carbonate deposition on the outer continental margin off Morocco in Hinz, K., Winterer, E. L., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 857-892.
50. Jefferies, R. P. S., and Minton, P., 1965, The mode of life of two Jurassic species of "Posidonia" (Bivalvia): Palaeontology, v. 8, p. 156-185.
51. Jenkyns, H. C., 1980, Cretaceous anoxic events; from continents to oceans: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 137, p. 171-188.
52. Jenkyns, H. C., 1988, The early Toarcian (Jurassic) anoxic event: stratigraphy, sedimentary, and geochemical evidence: American Journal of Science, v. 258, p. 101-151.
53. Johansson, M., and Stow, D. A. V., 1995, A classification for shale clasts in deep water sandstones, in Hartley, A. J., and Prosser, D. J., eds., Characterization of deep marine clastic systems: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 94, p. 221-241.
54. Kälin, O., and Bernoulli, D., 1984, Schizosphaerella Deflandre and Dangeard in Jurassic deeper-water carbonate sediments, Mazagan continental margin (Hole 547B) and Mesozoic Tethys, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79, in Hinz, K., Winterer Edward, L., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 411-435.
55. Klitgord, K. D., and Schouten, H. S., 1986, Plate kinematics of the Central Atlantic, in Vogt, P. R., and Tucholte, B. E., eds., The western North Atlantic region: Boulder, Colorado, The Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, Volume M, p. 351-378.
56. Kuno, H., 1968, Differentiation of basalt magmas, in Hess, H. H., and Poldervaart, A., eds., Basalts: the Poldervaart treatise on rocks of basaltic composition: New-York, Interscience, p. 623-688.
57. Kunz, P., 1993, Les Pillows Lavas: Comparaisons entre le paléovolcanisme sous-marin et les coulées des dorsales médio-océaniques [Ph.D. dissert.]: Genève, Switzerland, Université de Genève, 392 p.
58. Lancelot, Y., Seibold, E., Cepek, P., and others, 1977, Site 370; deep basin off Morocco, in Gardner, J., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 41: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 421-491.
59. Lancelot, Y., Winterer, E. L., Bosellini, A., and others, 1980, Site 416, in the Moroccan Basin, in Stout, L. N., Worstell, P., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 50: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 115-301.
60. Lancelot, Y., and Winterer, E. L., 1980, Evolution of the Moroccan oceanic basin and adjacent continental margin: A synthesis in Stout, L. N., Worstell, P., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 50: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 115-301.
61. Lebas, M. J., Rex, D. C., and Stillman, C. J., 1986, The early magmatic chronology of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands: Geological Magazine, v. 123, p. 287-298.
62. Lemoine, M., Tricart, P., and Boillot, G., 1987, Ultramafic and gabbroic ocean floor of the Ligurian Tethys (Alps, Corsica, Apennines); in search of a genetic model: Geology, v. 15, p. 622-625.
63. Luyendyk, B. P., and Bunce, E. T., 1973, Geophysical study of the northwest African margin off Morocco: Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, v. 20, p. 537-549.
64. Natland, J., 1977, Composition of basaltic rocks recovered at Sites 367 and 368, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 41, near the Cape Verde Islands, in Lancelot, Y., Seibold, E., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 41: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 1107-1112.
65. O'Dogherty, L., Baumgartner, P. O., Sandoval, J., Martín-Algarra, A., and Pillevuit, A., 1995, Middle and Upper Jurassic radiolarian assemblages co-occurring with ammonites from the Subbetic Realm (Southern Spain), in Baumgartner, P. O., O'Dogherty, L., Gorican S., Urquhart, E., Pillevuit, A., and De Wever, P., eds., Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Radiolarian of Tethys, occurrences, systematics, biochronology: Université de Lausanne Mémoires de Géologie, p. 717-724.
66. Pearce, J. A., 1980, Geochemical evidence for the genesis and eruptive setting of lavas from Tethyan ophiolites, in Panayiotou, A., ed., Ophiolites; Proceedings, International Ophiolite Symposium: Nicosia, Cyprus, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Geological Survey Department, p. 261-272.
67. Pearce, J. A., 1982, Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries, in Thorpe, R. S., ed., Andesites: Chichester, A. Wiley-Interscience, p. 525-548.
68. Price, I., 1980, Provenance of the Jurassic-Cretaceous flysch, Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 370 and 416, Leg 50, in Stout, L. N., Worstell, P., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 50: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 751-758.
69. Ranke, U., von Rad, U., and Wissmann G., 1982, Stratigraphy, facies and tectonic development of the on- and offshore Aaiun-Tarfaya Basin: A review, in von Rad, U., Hinz, K., et al., eds., Geology of the Northwest African continental margin: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 86-105.
70. Renz, O., Imlay, R., Lancelot, Y., and Ryan W. B. F., 1975, Ammonite-rich Oxfordian limestones from the base of the continental slope off Northwest Africa: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 68, p. 431-448.
71. Renz, O., Bernoulli, D., and Hottinger, L., 1992, Cretaceous ammonites from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands: Geological Magazine, v. 129, p. 1-7.
72. Riegraf, W., Luterbracher H., and Leckie R. M., 1984, Jurassic foraminifers from the Mazagan Plateau, in Hinz, K., Winterer, E. L., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 671-702.
73. Robertson, A. H. F., and Bernoulli, D., 1982, Stratigraphy, facies, and significance of late Mesozoic and early Tertiary sedimentary rocks of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) and Maio (Cape Verde Islands), in von Rad, U., Hinz, K., Sarnthein, M., and Seibold, E., eds., Geology of the northwest African continental margin: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 498-525.
74. Robertson, A. H. F., and Stillman, C. J., 1979a, Late Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands; implications for West African continental margin evolution: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 136, p. 47-60.
75. Robertson, A. H. F., and Stillman, C. J., 1979b, Submarine volcanic and associated sedimentary rocks of the Fuerteventura basal complex, Canary Islands: Geological Magazine, v. 116, p. 203-214.
76. Roeser, H. A., 1982, Magnetic anomalies in the magnetic quiet zones off Morocco, in von Rad, U., Hinz, K., Sarnthein, M., and Seibold, E., eds., Geology of the northwest African continental margin: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 61-68.
77. Roest, W. R., Danobeitia, J. J., Verhoef, J., and Collette, B. J., 1992, Magnetic anomalies in the Canary Basin and the Mesozoic evolution of the central North Atlantic: Marine Geophysical Researches, v. 14, p. 1-24.
78. Rothe, P., 1968, Mesozoische Flysch-Ablagerungen auf der Kanareninsel Fuerteventura: Geologische Rundschau, v. 58, p. 314-332.
79. Saunders, A. D., and Tarney, J., 1984, Geochemical characteristics of basaltic volcanism within back-arc basins, in Kokelaar, B., and Howells, M. F., eds., Marginal basin geology: Geological Society of London Special Publication 16, p. 59-76.
80. Schilling, J.-G., Zajac, M., Evans, R., Johnston, T., White, W., Devine, J. D., and Kingsley, R., 1983, Petrologic and geochemical variations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 27 deg.N to 73 deg.N: American Journal of Science, v. 283, p. 510-586.
81. Schlager, W., Reijrner John, J. G., and Droxler, A., 1994, Highstand shedding of carbonate platforms: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 64, p. 270-281.
82. Schmincke, H.-U., 1982, Volcanic and chemical evolution of the Canary Islands, in von Rad, U., Hinz, K., Sarnthein, M., and Seibold, E., eds., Geology of the northwest African continental margin: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 273-306.
83. Seilacher, A., 1964, Biogenic sedimentary structures, in Imbrie, J., and Newell, N., eds., Approaches to paleontology: New York, John Wiley, p. 296-316.
84. Sheridan, R. E., Gradstein, F. M., Barnard, L. A., Bliefnick, D. M., Habib, D., Jenden, P. D., Kagami, H., Keenan, G., Kostecki, J., Kvenvolden, K. A., Moullade, M., Ogg, J., Robertson, A. H. F., Roth, P., and Shipley, T. H., 1983, Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 76: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 947 p.
85. Shervais, J. W., 1982, Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 59, p. 101-118.
86. Sibuet, J. C., and Srivastava, S., 1994, Rifting consequences of three plate separations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, p. 521-524.
87. Sliter, W. V., 1980, Mesozoic Foraminifera and deep-sea benthic environments from Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 415 and 416, eastern North Atlantic, in Stout, L. N., Worstell, P., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 50: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 353-428.
88. Steiger, T., and Jansa, L. F., 1984, Jurassic limestones of the seaward edge of the Mazagan carbonate platform. Northwest African continental margin, in Hinz, K., Winterer, E. L., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 449-492.
89. Stillman, C. J., 1987, A Canary Islands dyke swarm; Implications for the formation of oceanic islands by extensional fissural volcanism, in Halls, H. C., and Fahrig, W. F., eds., Mafic dyke swarms: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 34, p. 243-255.
90. Stillman, C. J., Fuster, J. M., Bennell-Baker, M. J., Munoz, M., Smewing, J. D., and Sagredo, J., 1975, Basal complex of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) is an oceanic intrusive complex with rift-system affinities: Nature, v. 257, p. 469-470.
91. Stow, D. A. V., 1986, Deep clastic seas, in Reading, H. G., ed., Sedimentary environments and facies: Oxford, United Kingdom, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 399-444.
92. Sturani, C., 1967, Reflexions sur les facies lumachelliques du dogger mesogeen ('lumachelle a Posidonia alpina' auctt.): Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, v. 86, p. 445-467.
93. Sturani, C., 1971, Ammonites and stratigraphy of the Posidonia Alpina beds of the Venetian Alps: Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell'Università di Padova, v. 28, p. 1-152.
94. Sun, S. S., 1980, Lead isotopic study of young volcanic rocks from mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands and island arcs: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. A297, p. 409-445.
95. Sutter, J. F., 1988, Innovative approaches to dating igneous events in the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States, in Froelich, A. J., and Robinson, G. R., eds., Studies of the early Mesozoic basins of the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 176, p. 194-200.
96. Todd, R. G., and Mitchum, R. M., Jr., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 8: Identification of Upper Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous seismic sequences in the Gulf of Mexico and offshore West Africa, in Payton, C., ed., Seismic stratigraphy - Applications to hydrocarbon exploration: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 26, p. 145-163.
97. Verhoef, J., Collette, B. J., Danobeitia, J. J., Roeser, H. A., and Roest, W. R., 1991, Magnetic anomalies off West-Africa (20-38 degrees N): Marine Geophysical Researches, v. 13, p. 81-103.
98. Vincent, E., Lehmann, R., Sliter, W., and Westberg, M. J., 1980, Calpionellids from the Upper Jurassic and Neocomian of Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 416, Leg 50, Moroccan Basin, eastern North Atlantic, in Stout, L. N., Worstell, P., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 50: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 439-466.
99. von Fritsch, K., 1868, Reisebilder von den Canarischen Inseln: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, v. 5, p. 1-44.
100. Walker, R. G., 1984, Turbidites and associated coarse clastic deposits, in Walker, R. G., ed., Facies Models (second edition): Toronto, Geosciences Canada, p. 171-188.
101. Welsink, H. J., Srivastava, S. P., and Tankard, A. J., 1989, Basin architecture of the Newfoundland continental margin and its relationship to ocean crust fabric during extension, in Tankard, A. J., and Balkwill, H. R., eds., Extensional tectonics and stratigraphy of the North Atlantic margins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 46, p. 197-213.
102. Wildi, W., 1981, Le Ferrysch; cône de sédimentation détritique en eau profonde à la bordure nord-ouest de l'Afrique au Jurassique moyen à supérieur (Rif externe, Maroc): Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 74, p. 481-527.
103. Wiegand, G. E., 1984, Jurassic nannofossils from the Northwest African margin. Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 547 in Hinz, K., Winterer, E. L., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 79: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 657-670.