Tectonic evolution of the southern Laurentian Grenville orogenic belt

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 110, Issue 11, 1998, Pages 1357-1375

  Mosher, Sharon ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUILDINGS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TECTONICS; VOLCANIC ROCKS; VOLCANOES;

CENTRAL TEXAS; CONTINENT-CONTINENT COLLISIONS; GRANULITE FACIES; OROGENIC BELTS; PLUTONIC ROCKS; SUPRACRUSTAL ROCKS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTINGS;

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS;

COLLISION ZONE; LAURENTIA; OROGENIC BELT; PLATE TECTONICS; PROTEROZOIC; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 84879879318     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1357:TEOTSL>2.3.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Adams, D. C., and Keller, R. G., 1994, Possible extension of the mid-continent rift in west Texas and eastern New Mexico: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 31, p. 709-720.
2. Adams, D. C., and Keller, R. G., 1996, Precambrian basement geology of the Permian Basin region of west Texas and eastern New Mexico: A geophysical perspective: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 80, p. 410-431.
3. Anderson, J. L., 1983, Proterozoic anorogenic granite plutonism of North America, in Medaris, L. G., Byers, C. W., Mickelson, D. M., and Shanks, W. C., eds., Proterozoic geology: Selected papers from an international Proterozoic symposium: Geological Society of America Memoir 161, p. 133-154.
4. Barker, D. S., Muehlberger, W. R., and Reed, R. M., 1996, Coarse-grained granite at Wirtz Dam, in Mosher, S., ed., Guide to the Precambrian geology of the eastern Llano uplift (Geological Society of America, 30th annual South-Central Section meeting guidebook): Austin, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, p. 33-40.
5. Barnes, V. E., 1981, Geologic atlas of Texas - Llano sheet: Austin, University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, scale 1:250 000.
6. Barnes, V. E., 1988, The Precambrian of central Texas, in Hayward, O. T., ed., Centennial field guide, Volume 4: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, p. 361-368.
7. Bebout, G. E., and Carlson, W. D., 1986, Fluid evolution and transport during metamorphism: Evidence from the Llano Uplift, Texas: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 92, p. 518-529.
8. Bickford. M. E., McLelland, J., Soegaard, K., and Nielsen, K. C., 1995, Oblique convergent tectonism in the Grenville of west Texas: A model: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 7, p. A162.
9. Bird, J. M., and Dewey, J. F., 1970, Lithosphere plate: Continental margin tectonics and the evolution of the Appalachian orogen: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 1031-1060.
10. Blount, J. G., 1993, The geochemistry, petrogenesis, and geochronology of the Precambrian meta-igneous rocks of Sierra Del Cuervo and Cerro El Carrizalillo, Chihuahua, Mexico [Ph.D. dissert.]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 242 p.
11. Borg, S. G., and DePaolo, D., 1994, Laurentia, Australia, and Antarctica as a Late Proterozoic supercontinent: Constraints from isotopic mapping: Geology, v. 22, p. 307-310.
12. Bristol, D., A., and Mosher, S., 1989, Grenville-age polyphase deformation of Mid-Proterozoic basement, NW Van Horn Mountains, Trans-Pecos, Texas: Journal of Geology, v. 97, p. 25-43.
13. Carlson, W. D., 1992, Polymetamorphism in the Llano Uplift: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 1, p. A6.
14. Carlson, W. D., 1998, Petrologic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Llano Uplift, in Gilbert, M. C., and Hogan, J. P., eds., Basement tectonics 12: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Press, p. 3-27.
15. Carlson, W. D., and Johnson, C. D., 1991, Coronal reaction textures in garnet amphibolites of the Llano uplift: American Mineralogist, v. 76, p. 756-772.
16. Carlson, W. D., and Nelis, M. K., 1986, An occurrence of staurolite in the Llano uplift, central Texas: American Mineralogist, v.71, p. 682-685.
17. Carlson, W. D., and Reese, J. F., 1994, Nearly pure iron staurolite in the southeastern Llano uplift, Texas and its petrologic significance: American Mineralogist, v. 79, p. 154-160.
18. Carlson, W. D., and Schwarze, E., 1997, Petrological significance of prograde homogenization of growth zoning in garnet: An example from the Llano uplift: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 15, p. 631-644.
19. Carter, K. E., 1989, Grenville erogenic affinities in the Red Mountain area. Llano uplift, Texas: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 1124-1135.
20. Carter, K. E., Reese, J., and Helper, M. A., 1993, Precambrian extension in the Llano uplift: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no. 1, p. A5.
21. Cloos, M., 1993, Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: Subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins, island arcs, spreading ridges, and scamounts: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 715-737.
22. Condie, K. C., 1989, Plate tectonics and crustal evolution (third edition): Oxford, Pergamon Press, 476 p.
23. Connelly, J. N., Rivers, T., and James, D. T., 1995, Thermotectonic evolution of the Grenville Province of western Labrador. Tectonics, v. 124, p. 202-217.
24. Cook, L. P., DeLong, S. E., Illich, H. A., and Jordan, M. A., 1976, Granitic rocks of the Baldwin Quarry, Llano County, Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 27, p. 73-85.
25. 39 Ar ages from Proterozoic rocks, west Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, p. 95-96.
26. Culotta, R. C., Pratt, T., and Oliver, J., 1990, A tale of two sutures: COCORP'S deep seismic surveys of the Grenville Province in the eastern U.S. mid-continent: Geology, v. 18, p. 646-649.
27. Dalziel, I. W. D., 1991, Pacific margin of Laurentia and east Antarctica-Australia as a conjugate rift pair: Evidence and implications for an Eocambrian supercontinent: Geology, v. 19, p. 598-601.
28. Dalziel, I. W. D., 1992, Antarctica: A tale of two supercontinents?: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 20, p. 501-526.
29. Dalziel, I. W. D., 1997, Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geography and tectonics: Review, hypothesis, environmental speculation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 16-12.
30. Davidow, J. S., 1996, Proterozoic evolution of the Llano Uplift, central Texas: Evidence for high-pressure metamorphism from the Oxford mafic body [Master's thesis]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 172 p.
31. Davidson, A., 1986, New interpretation of the southwestern Grenville Province, in Moore, J. M., Jr., Davidson, A., and Baer, A. J., eds., The Grenville province: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 31, p. 61-74.
32. Denny, J. H., and Gobel, V. W., 1986, Structural-geologic framework and emplacement of Late Proterozoic Lone Grove and northern Granite Mountain plutons, northeastern Llano uplift, central Texas: (Geological Society of America annual meeting guidebook, Field Trip 13): San Antonio, University of Texas, p. 21-39.
33. Droddy, M. J., Jr., 1978, Metamorphic rocks of the Fly Gap quadrangle, Mason County, Texas [Ph.D. dissert.]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 178 p.
34. DuBois, P. F., and Nielsen, K. C., 1996, Sequential emplacement history of the Mineral Creek fault zone, Carrizo Mountains, Texas: A kinematic analysis: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 6, p. A245.
35. Elston, D. P., and Clough, G. A., 1993, Paleomagnetic correlations of Middle Proterozoic Hazel Formation with Keweenawan-age rocks, and correlations of compressional folding phases with episodes of Grenville tectonism, Van Horn, west Texas, in Soegaard, K., Nielsen, K. C., Marsaglia, K. M., and Barnes, C. G., eds., Precambrian geology of Franklin Mountains and Van Horn area, Trans-Pecos Texas (Geological Society of America South-Central Section meeting guidebook): Dallas, University of Texas, p. 36-49.
36. England, P. C., and Houseman, G. A., 1988, The mechanics of the Tibetan Plateau: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, v. 326, p. 301-320.
37. Farmer, R. B., 1977, Pillow basalts and plate tectonic setting of the Precambrian Packsaddle Schist, southeastern Llano County, Texas [M.S. thesis]: Monroe, Northeast Louisiana University, 88 p.
38. Garrison, J. R., Jr., 1981a, Coal Creek Serpentinite, Llano uplift: A fragment of a Precambrian ophiolite: Geology, v. 9, p. 225-230.
39. Garrison, J. R., Jr., 1981b, Metabasalts and metagabbros from the Llano uplift, Texas: Petrologic and geochemical characterization with emphasis on tectonic setting: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 78, p. 459-475.
40. Garrison, J. R., Jr., 1985, Petrology, geochemistry, and origin of the Big Branch and Red Mountain Gneisses, southeastern Llano uplift, central Texas: American Mineralogist, v. 70, p. 1151-1163.
41. Garrison, J. R., Jr., Long, L. E., and Richmann, D. L., 1979, Rb-Sr and K-Ar geochronologic and isotopic studies, Llano Uplift, central Texas: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 69, p. 361-374.
42. Gill, J., 1981, Orogenic andesites and plate tectonics: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 367p.
43. Gillis, G., 1989, Polyphase deformation of the Middle Proterozoic Coal Creek Serpentinite, Llano Uplift, Texas [Master's thesis]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 88 p.
44. Glahn, J. E., Nielsen, K. C., and Soegaard, K., 1996, Tumble-down Formation, Van Horn, far west Texas: A series of Grenville-age transpressive basins. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 28, no. 1, p. 15.
45. Gower, C. F., 1996, The evolution of the Grenville Province in eastern Labrador, Canada, in Brewer, T. S., ed., Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 112, p. 197-218.
46. Gower, C. F., Ryan, B., and Rivers, T., 1990, Mid-Proterozoic Laurentia-Baltica: An overview of its geological evolution and a summary of the contributions made by this volume, in Gower, C. F., Rivers, T., and Ryan, B., eds., Mid-Proterozoic Laurentia-Baltica: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 38, p. 1-20.
47. Grimes, S. W., 1996, Mid-crustal Grenvillian orogenesis in west Texas: A detailed structural and metamorphic study of the Carrizo Mountain Group, in Gower, C. F., ed., Proterozoic evolution in the North Atlantic realm, COPENA-ECSOOT-IBTA conference. Goose Bay, Labrador, Program and Abstracts: St. Johns, Newfoundland, Geological Survey of Canada, p. 74-75.
48. Grimes, S. W., and Mosher, S., 1996, Carrizo Mountain Group, west Texas: The Grenville orogen's metamorphic core at its southwestern terminus in Laurentia: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. A377.
49. Hatcher, R. D., Jr., 1987, Tectonics of the southern and central Appalachian internides: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 15, p. 337-362.
50. Helper, M. A., 1996, Inks Lake State Park, Valley Spring Gneiss at Spring Creek, in Mosher, S., ed., Guide to the Precambrian geology of the eastern Llano uplift (Geological Society of America, 30th annual South-Central Section meeting guidebook): Austin, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, p. 30-31.
51. Helper, M. A., Gose, W. A., and Roback, R. C., 1996, Virtual geomagnetic pole positions from 1.1 Ga intrusive rocks of the Llano Uplift, central Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 18.
52. Hess, M., and Gobel, V. W., 1987, Occurrence and origin of Late Proterozoic manganese and barite mineralizations, north-central Llano Uplift, Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, p. 170.
53. Hoffmann, P. G., 1991, Did the breakout of Laurentia turn Gondawanaland inside-out? Science, v. 252, p. 1409-1412.
54. Hunt, B. B., 1996, An investigation of the structural evolution of the Packsaddle domain along the Llano River [Bachelor's thesis]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 55p.
55. Indares, A., 1993, Eclogized gabbros from the eastern Grenville Province: Textures, metamorphic context and implications: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 30, p. 159-173.
56. James, E. W., and Walker, N., 1992, Implications of initial Pb isotopic ratios for source characteristics of Proterozoic rocks in the Llano Uplift and Trans-Pecos Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 7, p. 189.
57. Kargi, H., and Barnes, C. G., 1995, A Grenville-age layered intrusion in the subsurface of west Texas: Petrology, petrography, and possible tectonic setting: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 2159-2166.
58. Keller, G. R., Hills, J. M., Baker, M. R., and Wallin, E. T., 1989, Geophysical and geochronological constraint on the extent and age of mafic intrusions in the basement of west Texas and eastern New Mexico: Geology, v. 17, p. 1049-1052.
59. King, P. B., and Flawn, P. T., 1953, Geology and mineral deposits of Pre-Cambrian rocks of the Van Horn area. Texas: University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Bulletin 5301, 218 p.
60. Letargo, C. M. R., and Lamb, W. M., 1993, P-T-X conditions of calc-silicate formation: Evidence from fluid inclusions and phase equilibria, Llano uplift, central Texas, U.S.A.: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 11, p. 89-100.
61. Letargo, C. M. R., Lamb, W. M., and Park, J.-S., 1995, Comparison of calcite + dolomite thermometry and carbonate + silicate equilibria: Constraints on the conditions of metamorphism of the Llano uplift, central Texas, U. S. A.: American Mineralogist, v. 80, p. 131-143.
62. Link, P. K., Christie-Blick, N., Devlin, W. J., Elston, D. P., Horodyski, R. J., Levy, M., Miller, J. M. G., Pearson, R. C., Prave, A., Stewart, J. H., Winston, D., Wright, L. A., and Wrucke, C. T., 1993, Middle and Late Proterozoic stratified rocks of the western U. S. Cordillera, Colorado Plateau, and Basin and Range province, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. R. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., eds., Precambrian: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. C-2, p. 463-595.
63. Marsaglia, K. M., Ballard, J. L., and Seeley, J. M., 1996, Tectonic and stratigraphic implications of the Middle Proterozoic sequence, Franklin Mountains, west Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 52.
64. McGehee, R. V., 1979, Precambrian rocks of the southeastern Llano region, Texas: University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Circular 79-3, 36 p.
65. McLelland, J., Isachsen, Y., Whitney, P., Chiarenzelli, J., and Hall, L., 1993, Geology of the Adirondack Massif, New York, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. R. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., eds., Precambrian: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. C-2, p. 338-353.
66. McLelland, J., Bickford, M. E., Soegaard, K., and Nielsen, K. C., 1995, Age and composition of the Tumbledown Formation: Constraints on Grenville belt of far west Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 6, p. A-162.
67. Meschede, M., 1986, A method of discriminating between different types of mid-ocean ridge basalts and continental tholeiites with the Nb-Zr-Y diagram: Chemical Geology, v. 56, p. 206-218.
68. Mezger, K., Hanson, G. N., and Bohlen, S. R., 1989, High-precision U-Pb ages of metamorphic rutile: Application to the cooling history of high-grade terranes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 96, p. 106-118.
69. Mezger, K., Rawnsley, C. M., Bohlen, S. R., and Hanson, G. N., 1991, U-Pb garnet, sphene, monazite, and rutile ages: Implications for the duration of high-grade metamorphism and cooling histories, Adirondack Mountains, New York: Journal of Geology, v. 99, p. 416-428.
70. Moores, E. M., 1991, Southwest U.S.-East Antarctic (SWEAT) connection: A hypothesis: Geology, v. 19, p. 425-428.
71. Mosher, S., 1991, The Texas Grenville erogenic belt: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 4, p. A51.
72. Mosher, S., 1993, Western extensions of Grenville age Rocks, Texas, in Reed, J. C., Jr., Bickford, M. R. E., Houston, R. S., Link, P. K., Rankin, D. W., Sims, P. K., and Van Schmus, W. R., eds., Precambrian: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. C-2, p. 366-378.
73. Mosher, S., ed., 1996, Guide to the Precambrian Geology of the eastern Llano uplift (Geological Society of America, 30th annual South-Central Section meeting guidebook): Austin, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 78 p.
74. Mutis-Duplat, E., 1972, Stratigraphic sequence and structure of Precambrian metamorphic rocks in Purdy Hill Quadrangle, Mason County, Texas [Ph.D. dissert.]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 152 p.
75. Nelis, M. K., Mosher, S., and Carlson, W. D., 1989, Grenville-age orogeny in the Llano uplift of central Texas: Deformation and metamorphism of the Rough Ridge Formation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 876-883.
76. Nelson, B. K., and DePaolo, D. J., 1985, Rapid production of continental crust 1.7-1.9 b.y. ago: Nd isotopic evidence from the basement of the North American midcontinent: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, p. 746-754.
77. Norman, D. I., Condie, K. C., Smith, R. W., and Thomann, W. F., 1987, Geochemical and Sr and Nd isotopic constraints on the origin of late Proterozoic volcanics and associated tin-bearing granites from the Franklin Mountains, west Texas: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 24, p. 830-839.
78. Nyberg, A. V., and Schopf, J. W., 1981, Microfossils in stromatolitic cherts from the Proterozoic Allamoore Formation of west Texas: Precambrian Research, v. 16, p. 120-141.
79. Patchett, P. J., and Ruiz, J., 1989, Nd isotopics and the origin of Grenville-age rocks in Texas: Implications for Proterozoic evolution of the United States mid-continent region: Journal of Geology, v. 97, p. 685-695.
80. Payne, J. G., and Strong, D. F., 1979, Origin of the Twillingate Trondhjemite, north-central Newfoundland: Partial melting in the roots of an island arc, in Barker, F., ed., Trondhjemites, dacites and related rocks: Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific, p. 289-513.
81. Pearce, J. A., 1983, Role of the subcontinental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins, in Hawkesworth, C. J., and Norry, M. J., eds., Continental basalts and mantle xenoliths: Cheshire, United Kingdom, Shiva Press, p. 230-249.
82. Pearce, J. A., and Cann, J. R., 1973, Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 19, p. 290-300.
83. Pearce, J. A., Harris, N. B. W., and Tindle, A. G., 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 2, p. 956-983.
84. Pittenger, M. A., Marsaglia, K. M., and Bickford, M. E., 1994, Depositional history of the Middle Proterozoic Castner Marble and basal Mundy Breccia, Franklin Mountains, west Texas: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. B64, p. 282-297.
85. Pratt, T., Culotta, R., Hauser, E., Nelson, D., Brown, L., Kaufman, S., Oliver, J., and Hinze, W., 1989, Major Proterozoic basement features of the eastern midcontinent of North America revealed by recent COCORP profiling: Geology, v. 17, p. 505-509.
86. Ramsey, J. G, 1967, Folding and fracturing of rocks: New York, McGraw-Hill, 568 p.
87. Reed, R. M., 1995, A complex strain and intrusion fabric related to trans-solidus deformation: The Wolf Mountain intrusion, Llano uplift, Texas, in Brown, M. and Piccoli, P., eds., The origin of granites and related rocks (Third Hutton Symposium abstracts): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1129, p. 124-125.
88. Reed, R. M., 1996a, Wolf Mountain intrusion and the Midway Granite sill, in Mosher, S., ed., Guide to the Precambrian geology of the eastern Llano uplift (Geological Society of America 30th annual South-Central Section meeting Guidebook): Austin, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, p.25-33.
89. Reed, R. M., 1996b, Emplacement and deformation of late synorogenic to post-orogenic granites in the Grenvillian Llano Uplift, central Texas: A preliminary report: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 59.
90. Reed, R. M., and Helper, M. A., 1994, Evidence for solid-state deformation of ∼1.1 Ga "anorogenic" granites in the Llano Uplift, Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 1, p. A25.
91. Reed, R. M., Roback, R. C., and Helper, M. A., 1995, Nature and age of ductile deformation associated with the "anorogenic" Town Mountain Granite, Llano uplift, central Texas 12th International Conference on Basement Tectonics '95: Norman Oklahoma, International Basement Tectonics Association, 68p.
92. Reed, R. M., Eustice, R. A., Rougvie, J. R., and Reese, J. F., 1996, Sedimentary structures, paleo-weathering, and protoliths of metamorphic rocks, Grenvillian Llano Uplift, Central Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 59.
93. Reese, J. F., 1995, Structural evolution and geochronology of the southeastern Llano Uplift, central Texas. [Ph.D. dissert]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 172 p.
94. Reese, J. F., Roback, R. C., and Walker, N. W., 1992, Reworked pre-Grenville crust and timing of Grenville orogenesis in the southeastern Llano Uplift, Texas: Results from U-Pb zircon geochronometry: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 7, p. A92.
95. Reynolds, D. J., 1985, Deformation along the late Precambrian Streeruwitz thrust near Allamoore, Hudspeth County, Texas, in Dickerson, P. W., and Muelhberger, W. R., eds., Structure and tectonics of Trans-Pecos Texas: West Texas Geological Society Publication 85-811, p. 107-115.
96. Rivers, T., Martignole, J., Gower, C. F., and Davidson, A., 1989, New tectonic divisions of the Grenville Province, southeast Canadian shield: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 63-84.
97. Roback, R. C., 1996a, Characterization and tectonic evolution of a Mesoproterozoic island arc in the southern Grenville Orogen, Llano uplift, central Texas: Tectonophysics, v. 265, p. 29-52.
98. Roback, R., C., 1996b, Mesoproterozoic polymetamorphism and magmatism in the Llano Uplift, central Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. A377.
99. Roback, R. C., and Carlson, W. D., 1996, Constraining the timing of high-P metamorphism in the Llano uplift through geochronology of eclogitic rocks: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 60-61.
100. Roback, R. C., James, E. W., Whitefield, C., and Connelly, J. N., 1995, Tectonic assembly of "Grenville" terranes in the Llano Uplift, central Texas: Evidence from Pb and Sm-Nd isotopics: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 6, p. A398.
101. Roths, P. J., 1993, Geochemical and geochronological studies of the Grenville-age (1250-1000 Ma) Allamoore and Hazel Formations, Hudspeth and Culberson counties, west Texas, in Soegaard, K., Nielsen, K. C., Marsaglia, K. M., and Barnes, C. G., eds., Precambrian geology of Franklin Mountains and Van Horn area, Trans-Pecos, Texas (Geological Society of America South-Central Section meeting guidebook): Dallas, University of Texas, p. 1-35.
102. Rougvie, J. R., 1993, Metamorphism and fluid flow in the Valley Spring Gneiss, Llano Uplift: Inferences from Rb-Sr and oxygen isotopic data [Master's thesis]: Austin, Texas, University of Texas, 93 p.
103. Rougvie, J. R., Carlson, W. D., Connelly, J. N., Roback, R. C., and Copeland, P., 1996, Late thermal evolution of Proterozoic rocks in the northeastern Llano uplift, central Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 7, p. A376.
104. Rudnick, R. L., 1983, Geochemistry and tectonic affinities of a Proterozoic bimodal igneous suite, west Texas: Geology, v. 11, p. 352-355.
105. Seeley, J. M., 1990, Stratigraphy, petrology, and depositional environment of the Middle Proterozoic Lanoria Formation, Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas [Master's thesis]: Kingsville, Texas A & I University, 134 p.
106. Sengör, A. M. C., Burke, K., and Dewey, J. F., 1978, Rifts at high angles to erogenic belts; tests for their origin and the Upper Rhine Graben as an example: American Journal of Science, v. 278, p. 24-40.
107. Shannon, W. M., Barnes, C. G., and Bickford, M. E., 1997, Grenville magmatism in west Texas: Petrology and geochemistry of the Red Bluff Granitic Suite: Journal of Petrology, v. 38, p. 1279-1305.
108. Shervais, J. W., 1982, Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 59, p. 101-118.
109. Silver, E. A., and Reed, D. C., 1988, Backthrusting in accretionary wedges: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 93, p. 3116-3170.
110. Size, W. B., 1979, Petrology, geochemistry and genesis of the type area trondhjemite in the Trondheim region, central Norwegian Caledonides: Norges Geologiske Undersogelse, v. 351, p. 51-76.
111. Smith, D. R., Barnes, C. G., Shannon, W., Roback. R. C., and James, E., 1997, Petrogenesis of Mid-Proterozoic granitic magmas: Examples from central and west Texas: Precambrian Research, v. 85, p. 53-79.
112. Soegaard, K., and Callahan, D. M., 1994, Late Middle Proterozoic Hazel Formation near Van Horn, Trans-Pecos Texas: Evidence for transpressive deformation in Grenvillian basement: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 413-423.
113. Soegaard, K., Nielson, K. C., and Bickford, M. E., 1996, Lithostratigraphy and chronometry of Middle Proterozoic Carrizo Mountain Group, west Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, p. 64.
114. Thomann, W. F., 1981, Ignimbrites, trachytes and sedimentary rocks of Precambrian Thunderbird group. Franklin Mountains, El Paso, Texas: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, p. 94-100.
115. Thomann, W. F., and Hoffer, J. M., 1985, Petrology and geochemistry of the Precambrian Mundy Breccia, Franklin Mountains, Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 36, p. 71-80.
116. Thompson, R. N., Morrison, M. A., Dickin, A. P., and Hendry, G. L., 1984, An assessment of the relative roles of a crust and mantle in magma genesis: An elemental approach: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, v. 310, p. 549-590.
117. Toomey, D. F., and Babcock, J. A., 1983, Stromatolites in the Precambrian Allamoore Formation, Millican Hills, west Texas, in Precambrian and Paleozoic algal carbonates, west Texas-southern New Mexico; 3rd International Symposium on Fossil Algae: Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions no. 11, p. 329-345.
118. Torsvik, T. H., Smethurst, M. A., Meert, J. G., Van der Voo, R., McKerrow, W. S., Brasier, M. D., Sturt, B. A., and Walderhuaug, H. J., 1996, Continental break-up and collision in the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic: A tale of Baltica and Laurentia: Earth Science Reviews, v. 40, p. 229-258.
119. Unrug, R., 1996, The assembly of Gondwanaland: Episodes, v. 19, p. 11-20.
120. Van Schmus, W. R., Bickford, M. E., and Turck, A., 1996, Proterozoic geology of the east-central mid-continent basement, in van der Pluijm, B. A., and Catacosinos, P. A., eds., Basement and basins of eastern North America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 308, p. 7-32.
121. Walker, N. W., 1992, Middle Proterozoic geologic evolution of the Llano Uplift, Texas: Evidence from U-Pb zircon geochronometry: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 494-504.
122. Wasserburg, G. J., Wetherill, G. W., Silver, L. T., and Flawn, P. T., 1962, A study of the ages of the Precambrian of Texas: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 67, p. 4021-4070.
123. Whitefield, C., 1997, A Sm-Nd isotopic study of the Coal creek domain and Sandy Creek shear zone [Master's thesis]: Austin, University of Texas at Austin, 159 p.
124. Wilkerson, A., Carlson, W. D., and Smith, D., 1988, High-pressure metamorphism during the Llano orogeny inferred from Proterozoic eclogitic remnants: Geology, v. 16, p. 391-394.
125. Wood, D. A., 1980, The application of a Th-Hf-Ta diagram to problems of tectomagmatic classification and to establishing the nature of crustal contamination of basaltic lavas of the British Tertiary volcanic province: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 50, p. 11-30.