Increased vesicular and vacuolar transendothelial transport in traumatic human brain oedema. A review

Folia Neuropathologica

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 93-102

  Castejón, Orlando J ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA   (Venezuela)

Author keywords

Brain oedema; Brain trauma; Endothelial mechanisms; Vacuolar transport; Vesicular transport

Indexed keywords

CLATHRIN; PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; PROTEIN VACUOLAR TRANSPORT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VESICULAR TRANSPORT PROTEIN;

BASEMENT MEMBRANE; BLOOD VESSEL PERMEABILITY; BRAIN EDEMA; CELL TRANSPORT; CELL VACUOLE; COATED VESICLE; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; GOLGI COMPLEX; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; LYSOSOME; MULTIVESICULAR BODY; PINOCYTOSIS; REVIEW; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

EID: 84879826741     PISSN: 16414640     EISSN: 1509572X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5114/fn.2013.35951     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Beggs JJ, Waggener JD. Transendothelial vesicular transport of protein following compression injury to the spinal cord. Lab Invest 1976; 34: 428-439.
2. Bundgaard M, Frokjaer-Jensen J, Crone C. Endothelial plasma lemmal vesicles as elements in a system of branching invaginations from the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 6439-6442. (Pubitemid 10163414)
3. Calhoun CC, Mottaz JA. Capillary bed of rat cerebral cortex. The fine structure in experimental cerebral infarction. Arch Neurol 1966; 15: 320-328.
4. Casley-Smith JR, Carter DB. The passage of macromolecules across inflamed capillary endothelium via large vacuoles. Microvasc Res 1979; 18: 319-324. (Pubitemid 10180863)
5. Casley-Smith Jr. The functioning and interrelationships of blood capillaries and lymphatics. Experientia 1976; 32: 1-12.
6. Castejón OJ. Electron microscopic study of capillary wall in human cerebral edema. J Neuropathol Exper Neurol 1980; 49: 296- 328. (Pubitemid 10100467)
7. Castejón OJ. Formation of transendothelial channels in traumatic human edema. Pathol Res Pract 1984; 179: 7-12. (Pubitemid 14014801)
8. Castejón OJ. Increased vesicular and vacuolar transport in traumatic human brain edema. A combined electron microscopy and theoretical approach. J Submicrosc Cytol 1984; 16: 359-369. (Pubitemid 14137176)
9. Castejón OJ. Submicroscopic changes of cortical capillary pericytes in human perifocal brain edema. J Submicrosc Cytol 1984; 16: 601-618.
10. Castejón OJ. Transmission electron microscope study of human hydrocephalic cerebral cortex. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1994; 26: 29-39. (Pubitemid 2044074)
11. Castejón OJ. Ultrastructural alteration of human cortical capillary basement membrane in perifocal brain edema. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1988; 20: 519-536.
12. Castejón OJ. Electron microscopic analysis of cortical biopsies in patients with traumatic brain injuries and dysfunction of neurobehavioural system. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1998; 30: 145-156. (Pubitemid 128461267)
13. Castejón OJ, Castejón HV, Diaz M, Castellano A. Consecutive light microscopy, scanning-transmission electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of traumatic human brain oedema and ischaemic brain damage. Histol Histopathol 2001; 16: 1117-1134. (Pubitemid 32994457)
14. Castejón OJ, Diaz M, Castejón HV. Castellano A. Glycogen-rich and glycogen-depleted astrocytes in the oedematous human cerebral cortex associated with brain trauma, tumours and congenital malformation: an electron microscopy study. Brain Inj 1988; 16: 109-132.
15. Castejón OJ, Castejón HV, Zavala M, Sanchez ME, DiazM. A light and electron microscopic study of oedematous human cerebral cortex in two patients with post-traumatic seizures. Brain Inj 2002; 16: 331-346. (Pubitemid 34464140)
16. Castejón OJ. Electron Microscopy of Human Brain Edema. Astrodata, Maracaibo 2008.
17. Castejón OJ. Blood-brain barrier ultrastructural alterations in human congenital hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation. Folia Neuropathol 2009; 47: 11-19.
18. Castejón OJ. Ultrastructural pathology of cortical capillary pericytes in human traumatic brain oedema. Folia Neuropathol 2011; 49: 162-173.
19. Cervós-Navarro J, Christmann V, Sasaki S. An ultrastructural substrate for the resolution of postirradiation brain edema. In: Pappius HM, Fein-del W(eds.). Dynamics of Brain Edema. Springer- Verlag, Berlin 1976; pp. 43-49.
20. Cervós-Navarro J. Brain edema due to ionizing radiation. In: Klatzo I, Seitelberger F (eds.). Brain Edema. Springer-Verlag, New York 1967; pp. 632-638.
21. Cervós-Navarro J, Lafuente JV. Traumatic brain injuries: structural changes. J Neurol Sci (Suppl.) 1991; S3-S14.
22. Cervós-Navarro J, Turker T, Worthmann F. Morphology of non-vascular intracerebral fluid spaces. Acta Neurochir (Wien) (Suppl.) 1994; 60: 147-150.
23. Challa VR, Moody DM, Marshall RB, Kelly DL Jr. The vascular component in meningiomas associated with severe cerebral edema. Neurosurgery 1980; 7: 363-368. (Pubitemid 10025411)
24. Clawson CC, Hartman J, Vernier RL. Electron microscopy of the effect of gram-negative endotoxin on the blood-brain barrier. J Comp Neurol 1966; 127: 183-198.
25. Claudio L, Kress Y, Norton WT, Brosnan CF. Increased vesicular transport and decreased mitochondrial content in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells during experimental autoimmune ence pha - lomyelitis. Am J Pathol 1989; 135: 1157-1168. (Pubitemid 20026535)
26. Cicciarello R, D'Avella D, Gagliardi ME, Albiero F, Vega J, Angileri FF, D'Aquino A, Tomasello F. Time-related ultrastructural changes in an experimental model of whole brain irradiation. Neurosurgery 1996; 38: 772-780. (Pubitemid 26087885)
27. Cipolla MJ, Crete R, Vutuio L, Rix RD. Transcellular transport as amechanism of blood-brain barrier disruption during stroke. Front Biosci 2004; 9: 777-785. (Pubitemid 39043750)
28. Dinsdale HB. Hypertension and the blood-brain barrier. In: Cervos- Navarro J, Betz E, Ebhardt G, Ferst R, Wullemweber R (eds.). Advances in Neurology. Vol. 20. Raven Press, New York 1978; pp. 341-346.
29. Ferszt R, Cervós-Navarro J, Sasaki S, Neu S, BrockM. Vesicular transport through endothelial cells in focal brain edema. In: Cervós- Navarro J, Betz E, Ebhardt G, Ferst R, Wullemweber R (eds.). Advances in Neurology. Vol. 20. Raven Press, New York 1978; pp. 341-346.
30. Garcia JH, Lossinsky AS, Nishimoto K, Klatzo I, Light-Foote Jr W. Cerebral microvasculature in ischemia. In: Cervós-Navarro J, Betz E, Ebhardt G, Ferst R, Wullemweber R (eds.). Advances in Neuro logy. Vol. 20. Raven Press, New York 1978; pp. 141-148.
31. Griffiths IR. Ultrastructural changes in spinal gray matter microvasculature after impact injury. In: Cervos-Navarro J, Betz E, Ebhardt G, Ferst R, Wullemweber R et al. (eds.). Advances in Neurology. Vol. 20. Raven Press, New York 1978; pp. 415-422.
32. Hills CP. Ultrastructural changes in the capillary bed of the rat cerebral cortex in anoxic-ischemic brain lesions. Am J Pathol 1964; 44: 531-544.
33. Hirano A. The fine structure of brain in edema. In: Bourne G (ed.). The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue. Vol. II. Academic Press, New York 1969; pp. 69-135.
34. Hirano A. Further observations on the fine structure of pathological reaction in cerebral blood vessels. In: Cervós-Navarro J, Betz E, Matakas F (eds.). The Cerebral Vessel Wall. Vol. 2. Raven Press, New York 1976; pp. 41-49.
35. Hirano A, Dembitzer HM, Becker NH, Levine J, Zimmerman HM. Fine structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1970; 24: 432- 440.
36. Hirano A, Kawanami T, Llena JF. Electron microscopy of the bloodbrain barrier in disease. Microsc Res Tech 1994; 27: 543-556. (Pubitemid 24111781)
37. Hofman P, Blaauwgeers HG, Tolentino MJ, Adamis AP, Nunes Cardozo BJ, Vrensen GF, Schlingemann RO. VEGF-A induced hyperpermeability of blood-retinal barrier endothelium in vivo is predominantly associated with pinocytotic vesicular transport and not with formation of fenestrations. Vascular endothelial growth factor- A. Curr Eye Res 2000; 21: 637-645.
38. Kato M, Hughes RD, Keays RT, Williams R. Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1992; 15: 1060-1066.
39. Lampert P, Garro F, Pentschew A. Lead encephalopathy in suckling rats. An electron microscopic study. In: Klatzo I, Seitelberger F (eds.). Brain Edema. Springer-Verlag, New York 1967; pp. 207-222.
40. Long DM, Hartman JF, French L. The ultrastructure of human cerebral edema. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1966; 25: 373-395.
41. Long DM. Microvascular changes in cold injury edema. In: Go KG, Baethmann A (eds.). Recent Progress in Study and Therapy of Brain Edema. Plenum Press, New York 1982; pp. 45-54.
42. Lossinsky AS, Vorbrodt AW, Wisniewski HM. Ultracytochemical studies of vesicular and canalicular transport structures in the injured mammalian blood-brain barrier. Acta Neuropathol 1983; 61: 239-245. (Pubitemid 13015739)
43. Lossinsky AS, Shivers RR. Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood-brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Review. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19: 535-564. (Pubitemid 38450634)
44. Manz HJ, Robertson DM. Vascular permeability to horseradish peroxidase in brainstem lesions of thiamine deficient rats. Am J Pathol 1972; 66: 565-575.
45. Plateel M, Teissier E, Cecchelli R. Hypoxia dramatically increases the nonspecific transport of blood-borne proteins to the brain. J Neurochem 1997; 68: 874-877. (Pubitemid 27044754)
46. Petito CK, Schaefer JA, Plun F. Ultrastructural characteristics of the brain and blood-brain barrier in experimental seizures. Brain Res 1977; 127: 251-267. (Pubitemid 8107788)
47. Povlishock JR, Kontos HA, Wei EP, Rosemblum WD, Becker DP. Changes in the cerebral microvasculature after hypertension and trauma: A combined scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis. The Cerebral Microvasculature. Investigations of the Blood-Brain Barrier. In: Eisenberg M, Suddith RL (eds.). Advances Experimental and Medical Biology. Vol. 131. Plenum Press, New York 1980; pp. 227-238.
48. Povlishock JT, Becker DP, Sullirang HC, Miller JD. Vascular permeability alterations to horseradish peroxidase in exprimental brain injury. Brain Res 1978; 153: 223-239. (Pubitemid 8387955)
49. Sasaki S, Fertszt R, Cervos-Navarro J. Transendothelial vesicular transport of protein in brain edema induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Acta Neuropathol 1977; 40: 207-212. (Pubitemid 8229180)
50. Shibata S, Fukushima M, Inoue M, Tsutsumi K, Mori K. Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumors. Part 1: Gliomas associated with cerebral edema. No Shinkei Geka 1985; 13: 275-281. (Pubitemid 15133515)
51. Simionescu M, Simionescu N, Palade GE. Morphometric data on the endothelium of blood capillaries. J Cell Biol 1974; 60: 128-152.
52. Simionescu M, Simionescu N, Palade GE. Differentiated microdomains on the luminar surface of capillary endothelium: distribution of lectin receptors. J Cell Biol 1982; 94: 406-413. (Pubitemid 12026791)
53. Takano S, Yoshii Y, Nose T. Ultrastructure of glioma vessel - morphometric study for vascular permeability. No To Shinkei 1991; 43: 49-56.
54. Torack RM. Ultrastructure of capillary reaction to brain tumors. Arch Neurol 1961; 5: 416-428.
55. Torack RM. Ultrastructure of capillary reaction to brain tumors. Arch Neurol 1961; 5: 86-98.
56. Van Deurs B. Endocytosis in high endothelial venules. Evidence for transport of exogenous material to lysosomes by uncoated 'endothelial' vesicles. Microvasc Res 1978; 16: 280-293. (Pubitemid 9088370)
57. Van Deurs B, Amtorp O. Blood-brain barrier in rats to the heme - peptide microperoxidase. Neuroscience 1978; 3: 737-748. (Pubitemid 9016062)
58. Van Deurs B. Endocytosis in high-endothelial venules. Evidence for transport of exogenous material to lysosomes by uncoated endothelial vesicles. Microvasc Res 1978; 16: 280-293. (Pubitemid 9088370)
59. Van Deurs B. Observations on the blood-brain barrier in hypertensive with particular references to phagocytic pericytes. J Ultrastruct Res 1976; 56: 65-77
60. Vankov V. Ultrastructural mechanisms of transendothelial transport in blood vessels. Eksp Med Morfol 1980; 19: 189-196. (Pubitemid 11161357)
61. Wagner HJ, Pilgrim Ch, Brandt J. Penetration and removal of horseradish peroxidase injected into the cerebrospinal fluid: Role of cerebral perivascular spaces, endothelium and microglia. Acta Neuropathol 1974; 27: 299-315.
62. Westergaard E. The blood-brain barrier to horseradish peroxidase under normal and experimental conditions. Acta Neuropathol 1977; 39: 181-187. (Pubitemid 8166972)
63. Westergaard E, Brightman MW. Transport of protein across normal cerebral arterioles. J Comp Neurol 1973; 152: 17-44.
64. Westergaard E. The effect of serotonin, norepinephrine, and cy - clic AMP on the blood-brain barrier. J Ultrastruct Res 1975; 50: 383-384.
65. Zumkeller M, Dietz H. Ultrastructural changes in the blood-brain barrier in rats after treatment with nimodipine and flunarizine. A comparison. Neurosurg Rev 1996; 19: 253-260 (Pubitemid 27013459)