Spectroscopy of donor-π-acceptor porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 117, Issue 26, 2013, Pages 13357-13364

  Zegkinoglou, Ioannis ^a,b   Ragoussi, Maria Eleni ^c   Pemmaraju, C D ^b   Johnson, Phillip S ^a   Pickup, David F ^d,e   Ortega, Jose Enrique ^d,e,f   Prendergast, David ^b   De La Torre, Gema ^c   Himpsel, F J ^a  

^a Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronics Consortium   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID   (Spain)

^d CENTRO MIXTO CSIC UPV EHU   (Spain)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY UPV EHU   (Spain)

^f DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CENTER DIPC   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL; ELECTRON WITHDRAWING GROUP; ELECTRON-DONATING GROUP; HIGHEST OCCUPIED MOLECULAR ORBITAL; LOWEST UNOCCUPIED MOLECULAR ORBITAL; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRONS; RECORD EFFICIENCIES; TIME DEPENDENT DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY;

CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS; ELECTRONS; MOLECULES; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; PORPHYRINS; X RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ZINC COMPOUNDS;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84879816517     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp402590u     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. 2 Films Nature 1991, 353, 737-740
2. Chiba, Y.; Islam, A.; Watanabe, Y.; Komiya, R.; Koide, N.; Han, L. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Conversion Efficiency of 11.1% Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 45, L638-L640
3. Hardin, B. E.; Snaith, H. J.; McGehee, M. D. The Renaissance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Nat. Photonics 2012, 6, 162-169
4. Yella, A.; Lee, H.-W.; Tsao, H. N.; Yi, C.; Chandiran, A. K.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Diau, E. W.-G.; Yeh, C.-Y.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Grätzel, M. Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar Cells with Cobalt (II/III)-Based Redox Electrolyte Exceed 12% Efficiency Science 2011, 334, 629-634
5. Nazeeruddin, M. K.; De Angelis, F.; Fantacci, S.; Selloni, A.; Viscardi, G.; Liska, P.; Ito, S.; Takeru, B.; Grätzel, M. Combined Experimental and DFT-TDDFT Computational Study of Photoelectrochemical Cell Ruthenium Sensitizers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16835-16847
6. Bessho, T.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Yeh, C.-Y.; Diau, E. W.-G.; Grätzel, M. Highly Efficient Mesoscopic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Porphyrins Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 6796-6799
7. Wu, S.-L.; Lu, H.-P.; Yu, H.-T.; Chuang, S.-H.; Chiu, C.-L.; Lee, C.-W.; Diau, E. W.-G.; Yeh, C.-Y. Design and Characterization of Porphyrin Sensitizers with a Push-Pull Framework for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2010, 3, 949-955
8. Cai, N.; Moon, S.-J.; Cevey-Ha, L.; Moehl, T.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Wang, P.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Grätzel, M. An Organic D-π-A Dye for Record Efficiency Solid-State Sensitized Heterojunction Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1452-1456
9. Bai, Y.; Yu, Q.; Cai, N.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, M.; Wang, P. High-Efficiency Organic Dye-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells with a Copper Redox Shuttle Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 4376-4378
10. Zhang, X. L.; Huang, F.; Nattestad, A.; Wang, K.; Fu, D.; Mishra, A.; Bäuerle, P.; Bach, U.; Cheng, Y.-B. Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage of p-Type DSC with Highly Crystalline NiO Nanoparticles Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 4808-4810
11. Martínez-Díaz, M. V.; De la Torre, G.; Torres, T. Lighting Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines for Molecular Photovoltaics Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 7090-7108
12. Cook, P. L.; Liu, X.; Yang, W.; Himpsel, F. J. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Biomimetic Dye Molecules for Solar Cells J. Chem. Phys. 2009, 131, 194701-1-194701-10
13. Cook, P. L.; Yang, W.; Liu, X.; García-Lastra, J. M.; Rubio, A.; Himpsel, F. J. Unoccupied States in Cu and Zn Octaethyl-Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 204707-1-204707-7
14. García-Lastra, J. M.; Cook, P. L.; Himpsel, F. J.; Rubio, A. Communication: Systematic Shifts of the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital Peak in X-Ray Absorption for a Series of 3d Metal Porphyrins J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 133, 151103-1-151103-4
15. Narioka, S.; Ishii, H.; Ouchi, Y.; Yokoyama, T.; Ohta, T.; Seki, K. XANES Spectroscopic Studies of Evaporated Porphyrin Films: Molecular Orientation and Electronic Structure J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 1332-1337
16. Polzonetti, G.; Carravetta, V.; Iucci, G.; Ferri, A.; Paolucci, G.; Goldoni, A.; Parent, P.; Laffon, C.; Russo, M. V. Electronic Structure of Platinum Complex/Zn-Porphyrinato Assembled Macrosystems, Related Precursors and Model Molecules, as Probed by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (NEXAFS): Theory and Experiment Chem. Phys. 2004, 296, 87-100
17. 2(110) Prepared by In Situ Electrospray Deposition J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 084703-1-084703-6
18. Cudia, C. C.; Vilmercati, P.; Larciprete, R.; Cepek, C.; Zampieri, G.; Sangaletti, L.; Pagliara, S.; Verdini, A.; Cossaro, A.; Floreano, L. Electronic Structure and Molecular Orientation of a Zn-tetra-phenyl Porphyrin Multilayer on Si(111) Surf. Sci. 2006, 600, 4013-4017
19. 2 Solar Cell Coord. Chem. Rev. 2004, 248, 1363-1379
20. 2(110) and ZnO(11-20) Surfaces J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 1139-1147
21. Zegkinoglou, I.; Cook, P. L.; Johnson, P. S.; Yang, W.; Guo, J.; Rogero, C.; Ruther, R. E.; Rigsby, M. L.; Ortega, E.; Hamers, R. J. Electronic Structure of Diamond Surfaces Functionalized by Ru(tpy)2 J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 13877-13883
22. Ade, H.; Hitchcock, A. P. NEXAFS Microscopy and Resonant Scattering: Composition and Orientation Probed in Real and Reciprocal Space Polymer 2008, 49, 643-675
23. Watts, B.; Swaraj, S.; Nordlund, D.; Lüning, J.; Ade, H. Calibrated NEXAFS Spectra of Common Conjugated Polymers J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 024702-1-024702-15
24. Ragoussi, M. E.; de la Torre, G.; Torres, T. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Porphyrin Dyes: Effects of meso-Substitution on their Optical and Electrochemical Behaviour. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 2832-2840.
25. Liu, B.; Zhu, W.; Wang, Y.; Wu, W.; Li, X.; Chen, B.; Long, Y.-T.; Xie, Y. Modulation of Energy Levels by Donor Groups: An Effective Approach for Optimizing the Efficiency of Zinc-Porphyrin Based Solar Cells J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 7434-7444
26. Wang, C.-L.; Lan, C.-M.; Hong, S.-H.; Wang, Y.-F.; Pan, T.-Y.; Chang, C.-W.; Kuo, H.-H.; Kuo, M.-Y.; Diau, E. W.-G.; Lin, C.-Y. Enveloping Porphyrins for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 6933-6940
27. Prendergast, D.; Galli, G. X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Water from First Principles Calculations Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 215502-1-215502-4
28. Runge, E.; Gross, E. K. U. Density-Functional Theory for Time-Dependent Systems Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 52, 997-1000
29. González-Moreno, R.; Cook, P. L.; Zegkinoglou, I.; Liu, X.; Johnson, P. S.; Yang, W.; Ruther, R. E.; Hamers, R. J.; Tena-Zaera, R.; Himpsel, F. J. Attachment of Protoporphyrin Dyes to Nanostructured ZnO Surfaces: Characterization by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 18195-18201
30. Hohenberg, P.; Kohn, W. Inhomogeneous Electron Gas Phys. Rev. 1964, 136, B864-B871
31. Kohn, W.; Sham, L. J. Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects Phys. Rev. 1965, 140, A1133-A1138
32. Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Efficient Iterative Schemes for Ab Initio Total-Energy Calculations Using a Plane-Wave Basis Set Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 11169-11186
33. Perdew, J. P.; Burke, K.; Ernzerhof, M. Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 3865-3868
34. Fleischer, E. B. The Structure of Porhyrins and Metalloporphyrins Acc. Chem. Res. 1970, 3, 105-112
35. England, A. H.; Duffin, A. M.; Schwartz, C. P.; Uejio, J. S.; Prendergast, D.; Saykally, R. J. On the Hydration and Hydrolysis of Carbon Dioxide Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011, 514, 187-195
36. Giannozzi, P.; Baroni, S.; Bonini, N.; Calandra, M.; Car, R.; Cavazzoni, C.; Ceresoli, D.; Chiarotti, G. L.; Cococcioni, M.; Dabo, I. QUANTUM ESPRESSO: A Modular and Open-Source Software Project for Quantum Simulations of Materials J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2009, 21, 395502-1-395502-19
37. Hedin, L.; Johansson, A. Polarization Corrections to Core Levels J. Phys. B 1969, 2, 1336-1346
38. Kolczewski, C.; Püttner, R.; Plashkevych, O.; Ågren, H.; Staemmler, V.; Martins, M.; Snell, G.; Schlachter, A. S.; Sant'Anna, M.; Kaindl, G. Detailed Study of Pyridine at the C 1s and N 1s Ionization Thresholds: The Influence of the Vibrational Fine Structure J. Chem. Phys. 2001, 115, 6426-6437
39. Vanderbilt, D. Soft Self-Consistent Pseudopotentials in a Generalized Eignevalue Formalism Phys. Rev. B 1990, 41, 7892-7895
40. Hirata, S.; Head-Gordon, M. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory within the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 314, 291-299
41. Schmidt, M. W.; Baldridge, K. K.; Boatz, J. A.; Elbert, S. T.; Gordon, M. S.; Jensen, J. H.; Koseki, S.; Matsunaga, N.; Nguyen, K. A.; Shujun, S. General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System J. Comput. Chem. 1993, 14, 1347-1363
42. Sakai, Y.; Miyoshi, E.; Klobukowski, M.; Huzinaga, S. Model Potentials for Main Group Elements Li through Rn J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 106, 8084-8092
43. Osanai, Y.; Mon, M. S.; Noro, T.; Mori, H.; Nakashima, H.; Klobukowski, M.; Miyoshi, E. Revised Model Core Potentials for First-Row Transition-Metal Atoms from Sc to Zn Chem. Phys. Lett. 2008, 452, 210-214
44. Dunning, T. H. Gaussian Basis Functions for Use in Molecular Calculations. III. Contraction of (10s6p) Atomic Basis Sets for the First-Row Atoms J. Chem. Phys. 1971, 55, 716-723
45. Li, H. Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical/Continuum Style Solvation Model: Linear Response Theory, Variational Treatment, and Nuclear Gradients J. Chem. Phys. 2009, 131, 184103-1-184103-8
46. Yanai, T.; Tew, D. P.; Handy, N. C. A New Hybrid Exchange-Correlation Functional Using the Coulomb-Attenuating Method (CAM-B3LYP) Chem. Phys. Lett. 2004, 393, 51-57
47. Gouterman, M. Study of the Effects of Substitution on the Absorption Spectra of Porphin J. Chem. Phys. 1959, 30, 1139-1161
48. Gouterman, M. Spectra of Porphyrins J. Mol. Spectrosc. 1961, 6, 138-163
49. Baerends, E.; Ricciardi, G. A DFT/TDDFT Interpretation of the Ground and Excited States of Porphyrin and Porphyrazine Complexes Coord. Chem. Rev. 2002, 230, 5-7
50. 5 Xerogel Macroheterocycles 2011, 4, 213-215
51. Schmidt, N.; Fink, R.; Hieringer, W. Assignment of Near-Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectra of Metalloporphyrins by Means of Time-Dependent Density-Functional Calculations J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 133, 054703-1-054703-13
52. Peach, M. J. G.; Benfield, P.; Helgaker, T.; Tozer, D. J. Excitation Energies in Density Functional Theory: an Evaluation and a Diagnostic Test J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 128, 044118-1-044118-8
53. 2+ J. Phys. Chem. A 2012, 116, 7436-7442
54. Lachaud, F.; Jeandon, C.; Monari, A.; Assfeld, X.; Beley, M.; Ruppert, R.; Gros, P. C. Molecular Design of Porphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A DFT/TDDFT Study Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 12865-12871
55. Zarate, X.; Schott, E.; Gomez, T.; Arratia-Pérez, R. Theoretical Study of Sensitizer Candidates for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Peripheral Substituted Dizinc Pyrazinoporphyrazine-Phthalocyanine Complexes J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 430-438
56. Santhanamoorthi, N.; Lo, C.-M.; Jiang, J.-C. Molecular Design of Porphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A DFT/TDDFT Study J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 524-530