Middle to late Holocene environmental evolution of the Pisa coastal plain (Tuscany, Italy) and early human settlements

Quaternary International

Volumn 303, Issue , 2013, Pages 93-106

  Amorosi, A ^a   Bini, M ^b   Giacomelli, S ^c   Pappalardo, M ^b   Ribecai, C ^b   Rossi, V ^a   Sammartino, I ^c   Sarti, G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^c MetalGea   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; COASTAL EVOLUTION; COASTAL PLAIN; CORE ANALYSIS; DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCE; FLOODPLAIN; HOLOCENE; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; MEANDER; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PROGRADATION; ROMAN ERA; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SETTLEMENT HISTORY; TRANSGRESSION-REGRESSION CYCLE;

ITALY; PISA [TUSCANY]; TUSCANY;

FORAMINIFERA; OSTRACODA;

EID: 84879792905     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.03.030     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Aguzzi M., Amorosi A., Colalongo M.L., Ricci Lucchi M., Rossi V., Sarti G., Vaiani S.C. Late Quaternary climatic evolution of the Arno coastal plain (Western Tuscany, Italy) from subsurface data. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 211:211-229.
2. Albani A., Serandrei Barbero R. IForaminiferi della Laguna e del Golfo di Venezia. Memorie Scienze Geologiche Padova 1990, 42:271-341.
3. Amorosi A., Colalongo M.L., Fiorini F., Fusco F., Pasini G., Vaiani S.C., Sarti G. Palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic evolution of the Po Plain from 150-ky core records. Global and Planetary Change 2004, 40:55-78.
4. Amorosi A., Sarti G., Rossi V., Fontana V. Anatomy and sequence stratigraphy of the late Quaternary Arno valley fill (Tuscany, Italy). GeoActa, Special Publication 2008, vol. 1:55-66. A. Amorosi, B.U. Haq, L. Sabato (Eds.).
5. Amorosi A., Ricci Lucchi M., Rossi V., Sarti G. Climate change signature of small-scale parasequences from Lateglacial-Holocene transgressive deposits of the Arno valley fill. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2009, 273:142-152.
6. Amorosi A., Bini M., Fabiani F., Giacomelli S., Pappalardo M., Ribecai C., Ribolini A., Rossi V., Sammartino I., Sarti G. MAPPA cores: an interdisciplinary approach. MapPapers 4en 2012, vol. 2:149-200. Edizioni Nuova Cultura, Roma. F. Anichini, F. Fabiani, G. Gattiglia, M.L. Gualandi (Eds.).
7. Amorosi A., Rossi V., Sarti G., Mattei R. Coalescent valley fills from the late Quaternary record of Tuscany (Italy). Quaternary International 2013, 288:129-138.
8. Amorosi A., Sammartino I., Sarti G. Background levels of potentially toxic metals from soils of the Pisa coastal plain (Tuscany, Italy) as identified from sedimentological criteria. Environmental Earth Sciences 2013, 10.1007/s12665-012-2001-8.
9. Arnaud-Fassetta G., Carre M.-B., Marocco R., Maselli Scotti F., Pugliese N., Zaccaria C., Bandelli A., Bresson V., Manzoni G., Montenegro M.E., Morhange C., Pipan M., Prizzon A., Siché I. The site of Aquileia (northeastern Italy): example of fluvial geoarchaeology in a Mediterranean coastal plain. Géomorphologie: Relief, Processus, Environnement 2003, 4:223-241.
10. Arnaud-Fassetta G., Carcaud N., Castanet C., Salvador P.-G. Fluviatile palaeoenvironments in archaeological context: geographical position, methodological approach and global change - hydrological risk issues. Quaternary International 2010, 216:93-117.
11. Athersuch J., Horne D.J., Whittaker J.E. Marine and brackish water ostracods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 1989, vol. 43:1-343. Brill E.J., Leiden. D.M. Kermack, R.S.K. Barnes (Eds.).
12. Baldassarri M., Gattiglia G. Tra i fiumi e il mare. Lo sviluppo di Pisa nel suo contesto ambientale tra VII e XV secolo. Atti del V Congresso Nazionale di Archeologia Medievale, Firenze 2009, 181-187. G. Volpe, P. Favia (Eds.).
13. Barra, D., 1991. Studio del Pleistocene superiore-Olocene delle aree vulcaniche campane. Ph.D. thesis, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
14. Batten D.J. Palynofacies and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. Palynology: Principles and Applications 1996, vol. 3:1011-1064. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.
15. Batten D.J., Stead D.T. Palynofacies analysis and its stratigraphic application. Applied Stratigraphy 2005, 203-226. Springer, The Netherlands, (Chapter 10). E.A.M. Koutsoukos (Ed.).
16. Bellotti P., Calderoni G., Di Rita F., D'Orefice M., D'Amico C., Esu D., Magri D., Preite Martinez M., Tortore P., Valeri P. The Tiber river delta plain (central Italy): coastal evolution and implications for the ancient Ostia Roman settlement. The Holocene 2011, 21:1105-1116.
17. Bini M., Chelli A., Durante A.M., Gervasini L., Pappalardo M. Geoarchaeological sea-level proxies from a silted up harbour: a case study of the Roman colony of Luni (northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Quaternary International 2009, 206:147-157.
18. Bini M., Bruckner H., Chelli A., Da Prato S., Gervasini L. Palaeogeographies of the Magra Valley coastal plain to constrain the location of the Roman harbour of Luna (NW Italy). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2012, 337-338:37-51.
19. Bini, M., Capitani, M., Pappalardo, M., 2012b. La carta geomorfologica (doi: 10.4456/MAPPA.2012.37) in line web gis http://www.mappaproject.com.
20. Bini M., Capitani M., Pappalardo M., Pocobelli G.F. Vecchi e nuovi dati dalla foto interpretazione aerea. MAPPA. Metodologie applicate alla predittività del potenziale archeologico 2012, vol. 1:131-157. Edizioni Nuova Cultura, Roma.
21. Bisson M., Bini M. Amultidisciplinary approach to reveal palaeo-hydrographic features: the case study of Luna archaeological site surroundings. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 2012, 26:327-343.
22. Blondel J. The 'design' of Mediterranean landscapes: a millennial story of humans and ecological systems during the historic period. Human Ecology 2006, 34:713-729.
23. Bondesàn M., Cibin U., Colalongo M.L., Pugliese N., Stefani M., Tsakiridis E., Vaiani S.C., Vincenzi S. Benthic communities and sedimentary facies recording late Quaternary environmental fluctuations in a Po Delta subsurface succession (Northern Italy). The Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication 2006, vol. 11:21-31. Krakow. R. Coccioni, F. Lirer, A. Marsili (Eds.).
24. Bruni S. Pisa Etrusca 1998, 1-200. Longanesi, Milano.
25. Bruni S., Cosci M. Alpheae veterem contemptlor originis urbem, quam cingunt geminis Arnus et Ausur aquis. Il paesaggio di Pisa etrusca e romana: materiali e problemi. Il porto urbano di Pisa. La fase etrusca. Il contesto e il relitto ellenistico 2003, 29-43. S. Bruni (Ed.).
26. Butzer K.W. Environmental history in the Mediterranean world: cross-disciplinary investigation of cause-and-effect for degradation and soil erosion. Journal of Archaeological Science 2005, 32:1773-1800.
27. Carboni M.G., Bergamin L., Di Bella L., Iamundo F., Pugliese N. Palaeoecological evidences from foraminifers and ostracods on Late Quaternary sea-level changes in the Ombrone river plain (central Tyrrhenian coast, Italy). Geobios 2002, 35(Mémoire spécial 24):40-50.
28. Carboni M.G., Succi M.C., Bergamin L., Di Bella L., Frezza V., Landini B. Benthic foraminifera from two coastal lakes of southern Latium (Italy). Preliminary evaluation of environmental quality. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2009, 59:268-280.
29. Carboni M.G., Bergamin L., Di Bella L., Esu D., Pisegna Cerone E., Antonioli F., Verrubbi V. Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of late Quaternary foraminifera and molluscs from the ENEA borehole (Versilian plain, Tuscany, Italy). Quaternary Research 2010, 74:265-276.
30. Carmona P., Ruiz J.M. Historical morphogenesis of the Turia River coastal flood plain in the Mediterranean littoral of Spain. Catena 2011, 86:139-149.
31. Ceccarelli Lemut M.L., Mazzanti R., Morelli P. Il contributo delle fonti storiche alla conoscenza della geomorfologia 1994, 401-429. R. Mazzanti (Ed.).
32. Coccioni R. Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. A case study from the Goro Lagoon (Italy). Environmental Micropaleontology: the Application of Microfossils to Environmental Geology 2000, 71-103. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, New York. R.E. Martin (Ed.).
33. Cortecci G., Dinelli E., Boschetti T., Arbizzani P., Pompilio L., Mussi M. The Serchio River catchment, northern Tuscany: geochemistry of stream waters and sediments, and isotopic composition of dissolved sulphate. Applied Geochemistry 2008, 23:1513-1543.
34. Crutzen P.J., Stoermer E.F. The Anthropocene. Global Change Newsletter 2000, 41:17-18.
35. Della Rocca R., Mazzanti R., Pranzini E. Studio geomorfologico della Pianura di Pisa (Toscana). Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria 1987, 10:56-84.
36. Dinelli E., Cortecci G., Lucchini F., Zantedeschi E. Sources of major and trace elements in the stream sediments of the Arno river catchment (northern Tuscany, Italy). Geochemical Journal 2005, 39:531-545.
37. Dinis J.L., Henriques V., Freitas M.C., Andrade C., Costa P. Natural to anthropogenic forcing in the Holocene evolution of three coastal lagoons (Caldas da Rainha valley, western Portugal). Quaternary International 2006, 150:41-51.
38. D'Onofrio S., Marabini F., Vivalda P. Foraminiferi di alcune lagune del delta del Po. Giornale di Geologia 1976, 40:267-276.
39. Ericson J.P., Vörösmarty C.J.S., Dingman L., Ward L.G., Meybeck M. Effective sea-level rise and deltas: causes of change and human dimension implications. Global and Planetary Change 2006, 50:63-82.
40. Fægri K., Iversen J. Textbook of pollen analysis 1989, Wiley, Chichester. fourth ed. K. Fægri, P. Kaland, K. Krzywinski (Eds.).
41. Fiorini F. Benthic foraminiferal associations from Upper Quaternary deposits of southeastern Po Plain, Italy. Micropaleontology 2004, 50:45-58.
42. Fiorini F., Vaiani S.C. Benthic foraminifers and transgressive-regressive cycles in the Late Quaternary subsurface sediments of the Po Plain near Ravenna (Northern Italy). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 2001, 40:357-403.
43. Fouache E., Ghilardi M., Vouvalidis K., Syrides G., Kunesch S., Styllas M., Stiros S. Contribution on the Holocene reconstruction of Thessaloniki Plain, North Central Greece. Journal of Coastal Research 2008, 24(5):1161-1173.
44. Fouache E., Ecochard E., Kuzucuoǧlu C., Carcaud N., Ekmekçi M., Ulusoy I., Robert V., Çiner A., Des Courtils J. Palaeogeographical reconstruction and management challenges of an archaeological site listed by UNE-SCO: the case of the Letoon shrine in the Xanthos Plain (Turkey). Quaestiones Geographicae 2012, vol. 31:37-49. Bogucki Wy-dawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań 2012.
45. Franzini M., Leoni L., Saitta M. Asimple method to evacuate the matrix effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis. X-Ray Spectrometry 1972, 1:151-154.
46. Franzini M., Leoni L., Saitta M. Revisione di una metodologia analitica per fluorescenza-X basata sulla correzione completa degli effetti di matrice. Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 1975, 31:365-378.
47. Ghilardi M., Psomiadis D., Cordier S., Delanghe-Sabatier D., Demory F., Hamidi F., Paraschou T., Dotsika E., Fouache E. The impact of rapid early- to mid-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes on Neolithic settlement at Nea Nikomideia, Thessaloniki Plain, Greece. Quaternary International 2012, 266:47-61.
48. Gregory K.J. The human role in changing river channels. Geomorphology 2006, 79:172-191.
49. Henderson P.A. Freshwater ostracods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 1990, vol. 42:1-228. Brill E.J., Leiden.
50. Hoffmann T., Thorndycraft V.R., Brown A.G., Coulthard T.J., Damnati B., Kale V.S., Middelkoop H., Notebaert B., Walling D.E. Human impact on fluvial regimes and sediment flux during the Holocene: review and future research agenda. Global and Planetary Change 2010, 72:87-98.
51. Hooke R.Le B. On the history of humans as geomorphic agents. Geology 2000, 28:843-846.
52. Hooke J.M. Human impacts on fluvial systems in the Mediterranean region. Geomorphology 2006, 79:311-335.
53. IPCC Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report 2007, 1-21. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
54. Kaplan J.O., Kristen M., Krumhardt E.C., William E., Ruddiman F., Lemmen C., Goldewijk K.K. Holocene carbon emissions as a result of anthropogenic land cover change. The Holocene 2011, 21:775-791.
55. Knox J.C. Floodplain sedimentation in the Upper Mississippi Valley: natural versus human accelerated. Geomorphology 2006, 79:286-310.
56. Leoni L., Saitta M. X-ray fluorescence analysis of 29 trace elements in rock and mineral standard. Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia 1976, 32:497-510.
57. Leoni L., Menichini M., Saitta M. Determination of S, Cl and F in silicate rocks by X-ray fluorescence analysis. X-Ray Spectrometry 1982, 11:156-158.
58. Marchisio M., Cosci M., D'Onofrio L., Biagioni A., Ciuffi P., Lancucci N., Saviozzi F. Ricostruzione degli antichi corsi fluviali nella pianura di Pisa con metodi geofisici. Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 1999, 8:59-75.
59. Marinova E., Wiebke K., Bittmann F. Human landscapes and climate change during the Holocene. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 2012.
60. Mariotti Lippi M., Guido M., Menozzi B.I., Bellini C., Montanari C. The Massaciuccoli Holocene pollen sequence and the vegetation history of the coastal plains by the Mar Ligure (Tuscany and Liguria, Italy). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 2007, 16:267-277.
61. Martini I.P., Sarti G., Pallecchi P., Costantini A. Environmental influences on the development of the Medioeval-early Renaissance city-states of Pisa, Florence and Siena. Landscape and Societies. Selected Cases 2010, 203-222. Springer, Dordrecht. I.P. Martini, W. Chesworth (Eds.).
62. Mayewski P.A., Rohling E.E., Stager J.C., Karlen W., Maasch K.A., Meeker L.D., Meyerson E.A., Gasse F., van Kreveld S., Holmgren K., Lee-Thorp J., Rosqvist G., Rack F., Staubwasser M., Schneider R.R., Steig E.J. Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research 2004, 62:243-255.
63. Mazzanti R., Pasquinucci M. L'evoluzione del litorale lunese-pisano fino alla metà del XIX secolo. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana 1983, 12:605-628.
64. Mazzini I., Anadon P., Barbieri M., Castorina F., Ferreli L., Gliozzi E., Mola M., Vittori E. Late Quaternary sea-level changes along the Tyrrhenian coast near Orbetello (Tuscany, Central Italy): paleoenvironmental reconstruction using ostracods. Marine Micropaleontology 1999, 37:289-311.
65. Meisch C. Freshwater Ostracoda of Western and Central Europe. Süesswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa 2000, vol. 8/3:1-522. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin.
66. Mendes I., Dias J.A., Schönfeld J., Ferreira Ó., Rosa F., Gonzalez R., Lobo F.J. Natural and human-induced Holocene paleoenvironmental changes on the Guadiana shelf (northern Gulf of Cadiz). The Holocene 2012, 22:1011-1024.
67. Miall A.D. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. Sedimentary Facies Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geology 1996, 1-582. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
68. Millet B., Lamy N. Spatial patterns and seasonal strategy of macrobenthic species relating to hydrodynamics in a coastal bay. Journal de Recherche Oceanographique 2002, 27:30-42.
69. Montenegro M.E., Pugliese N. Ostracodi della laguna di Orbetello: tolleranza ed opportunismo. Atti del Museo Geologico-Paleontologico di Monfalcone 1995, 3:71-80.
70. Murray J.W. Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera 2006, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
71. Nachite D., Rodríguez-Lázaro J., Martín-Rubio M., Pascual A., Bekkali R. Distribution and ecology of recent ostracods from the Tahadart estuary (NW Morocco). Revue de micropaléontologie 2010, 53:3-15.
72. Paribeni E. Pisa nell'Etruria nord occidentale della prima età del Ferro. Tra Reno e Panaro la Valle del Samoggia nel VIII e VII Secolo a.C. 2010, 1-301. Museo civico Arsenio Crespellani, Bazzano, Aspasia, Bologna. R. Burgio, S. Campagnari, L. Malnati (Eds.).
73. Pascucci V. Neogene evolution of the Viareggio Basin, Northern Tuscany (Italy). GeoActa 2005, 4:123-138.
74. Piovan S., Mozzi P., Stefani C. Bronze Age paleohydrography of the southern Venetian Plain. Geoarchaeology: an International Journal 2010, 25:6-35.
75. Pranzini E. Updrift river mouth migration on cuspate deltas: two examples from the coast of Tuscany (Italy). Geomorphology 2001, 38:125-132.
76. Redi, F., 1991. Pisa com'era: archeologia, urbanistica e strutture materiali (secoli V-XIV), Napoli, pp. 1-552.
77. Reille M. Pollen et spores d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord 1992-98, Laboratoire de botanique historique et palynologie, Marseille.
78. Reimer P.J., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Blackwell P.G., Bronk Ramsey C., Buck C.E., Burr G.S., Edwards R.L., Friedrich M., Grootes P.M., Guilderson T.P., Hajdas I., Heaton T.J., Hogg A.G., Hughen K.A., Kaiser K.F., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., Manning S.W., Reimer R.W., Richards D.A., Southon J.R., Talamo S., Turney C.S.M., van der Plicht J., Weyhenmeyer C.E. INTCAL 09 and MARINE09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50,000 years Cal BP. Radiocarbon 2009, 51:1111-1150.
79. Ricci Lucchi M. Vegetation dynamics during the last interglacial-glacial cycle in the Arno coastal plain (Tuscany, western Italy): location of a new tree refuge. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:2456-2466.
80. Rossi V., Amorosi A., Sarti G., Potenza M. Influence of inherited topography on the Holocene sedimentary evolution of coastal systems: an example from Arno coastal plain (Tuscany, Italy). Geomorphology 2011, 135:117-128.
81. Rossi V., Amorosi A., Sarti G., Romagnoli R. New stratigraphic evidence for the mid-late Holocene fluvial evolution of the Arno coastal plain (Tuscany, Italy). Géomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement 2012, 2:201-214.
82. Ruddiman W.F. The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago. Climatic Change 2003, 61:261-293.
83. 4 increases be falsified?. The Holocene 2011, 21:865-879.
84. Ruiz F., Abad M., Bodergat A.M., Carbonel P., Rodríguez-Lázaro J., Yasuhara M. Marine and brackish-water ostracods as sentinels of anthropogenic impacts. Earth-Science Reviews 2005, 72:89-111.
85. Ruiz F., Gonzalez-Regalado M.L., Baceta J.I., Menegazzo-Vitturi L., Pistolato M., Rampazzo G., Molinaroli E. Los ostrácodos actuales de la laguna de Venecia (NE de Italia). Geobios 2000, 33:447-454.
86. Russel P.J., Petersen G.H. The use of ecological data in the elucidation of some shallow water European Cardium species. Malacologia 1973, 14:223-232.
87. Sarti G., Bini M., Giacomelli S. The growth and decline of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) up to the Middle ages: correlations with landscape and geology. Il Quaternario. Italian Journal of Quaternary Sciences 2010, 23:311-322.
88. Sarti G., Redini M., Fontana V., Giacomelli S. Ricostruzione dell'architettura deposizionale dei depositi Tardo-Quaternari del sottosuolo della pianura di Pisa attraverso l'utilizzo di sistemi di modellazione 3D. Stato del territorio e delle risorse naturali in Toscana 2008, vol. 1:107-116. Firenze.
89. Sarti G., Rossi V., Amorosi A. Influence of Holocene stratigraphic architecture on ground surface settlements: a case study from the city of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy). Sedimentary Geology 2012, 281:75-87.
90. Schumm S.A. The Fluvial System 1977, 1-338. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
91. Sgarrella F., Moncharmont Zei M. Benthic foraminifera of the Gulf of Naples (Italy): systematics and autoecology. Bollettino Società Paleontologica Italiana 1993, 32:145-264.
92. Syvitski J.P.M., Vörösmarty C.J., Kettner A.J., Green P. Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean. Science 2005, 308:376-380.
93. Syvitski J.P.M., Saito Y. Morphodynamics of deltas under the influence of humans. Global and Planetary Change 2007, 57:261-282.
94. Syvitski J.P.M., Kettner A. Sediment flux and the Anthropocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2011, 369:957-975.
95. van Geel B., Heusser C., Renssen H., Schuurmans C. Climatic change in Chile at around 2700 BP and global evidence for solar forcing: a hypothesis. The Holocene 2000, 10:659-664.
96. Vött A., Brückner H., Handl M., Schriever A. Holocene palaeogeographies of the Astakos coastal plain (Akarnania, NW Greece). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2006, 239:126-146.
97. Wanner H., Beer J., Bütikofer J., Crowley T.J., Cubasch U., Flückiger J., Goosse H., Grosjean M., Joos F., Kaplan J.O., Küttel M., Müller S.A., Prentice I.C., Solominaj O., Stocker T.F., Tarasov P., Wagner M., Widmann M. Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:1791-1828.
98. Wilkinson B.H. Humans as geologic agents: a deep-time perspective. Geology 2005, 33:161-164.
99. Zalasiewicz J., Williams M., Steffen W., Crutzen P. The new world of the Anthropocene. Environmental Science & Technology 2010, 44:2228-2231.
100. Zalasiewicz J., Williams M., Haywood A., Ellis M. The Anthropocene: a new epoch of geological time?. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2011, 369:835-841.
101. Zalasiewicz J., Williams M., Fortey R., Smith A., Barry T.L., Coe A.L., Bown P.R., Rawson P.F., Gale A., Gibbard P., Gregory F.J., Hounslow M.W., Kerr A.C., Pearson P., Knox R., Powell J., Waters C., Marshall J., Oates M., Stone P. Stratigraphy of the anthropocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2011, 369:1036-1055.