Phytosterols, red yeast rice, and lifestyle changes instead of statins: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

American Heart Journal

Volumn 166, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Becker, David J ^a,b,c   French, Benjamin ^d   Morris, Patti B ^a,b,c   Silvent, Erin ^a,b,c   Gordon, Ram Y ^a,b,c  

^a Delaware Valley Nephrology and Hypertension   (United States)

^b ABINGTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c TEMPLE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOTRANSFERASE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTIN; CREATINE KINASE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PHYTOSTEROL; PLACEBO; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATINE KINASE BLOOD LEVEL; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84879784491     PISSN: 00028703     EISSN: 10976744     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.019     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. J.R. Downs, M. Clearfield, and S. Weis Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study JAMA 279 20 1998 1615 1622
2. P.S. Sever, B. Dahlöf, and N.R. Poulter Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled tria Lancet 361 9364 2003 1149 1158
3. J. Avorn, J. Monette, and A. Lacour Persistence of use of lipid-lowering medications: a cross-national study JAMA 279 18 1998 1458 1462
4. L.A. Simons, G. Levis, and J. Simons Apparent discontinuation rates in patients prescribed lipid-lowering drugs Med J Aust 164 4 1996 208 211
5. S.S. Abumweis, R. Barake, and P.J. Jones Plant sterols/stanols as cholesterol lowering agents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Food Nutr Res 52 2008
6. F.H. O'Neill, T.A. Sanders, and G.R. Thompson Comparison of efficacy of plant stanol ester and sterol ester: short-term and longer-term studies Am J Cardiol 96 1A 2005 29D 36D
7. Becker DJ, Gordon RY, Halbert SC, et al. Red yeast rice for dyslipidemia in statin-intolerant patients: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2009;150(12):830-9, W147-9.
8. S.C. Halbert, B. French, and R.Y. Gordon Tolerability of red yeast rice (2,400 mg twice daily) versus pravastatin (20 mg twice daily) in patients with previous statin intolerance Am J Cardiol 105 2 2010 198 204
9. D. Heber, I. Yip, and J.M. Ashley Cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement Am J Clin Nutr 69 2 1999 231 236
10. M.L. Stefanick, S. Mackey, and M. Sheehan Effects of diet and exercise in men and postmenopausal women with low levels of HDL cholesterol and high levels of LDL cholesterol N Engl J Med 339 1 1998 12 20
11. G.R. Thompson Additive effects of plant sterol and stanol esters to statin therapy Am J Cardiol 96 1A 2005 37D 39D
12. Snow G. Blockrand: randomization for block random clinical trials. In. 1.1 ed. R Package; 2008.
13. A. Kashani, C.O. Phillips, and J.M. Foody Risks associated with statin therapy: a systematic overview of randomized clinical trials Circulation 114 25 2006 2788 2797
14. M. Mitka Expanding statin use to help more at-risk patients is causing financial heartburn JAMA 290 17 2003 2243 2245
15. W.E. Boden, J.L. Probstfield, and T. Anderson Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy N Engl J Med 365 24 2011 2255 2267
16. A. Keech, R.J. Simes, and P. Barter Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial Lancet 366 9500 2005 1849 1861
17. L. Mascitelli, U. Ravnskov, and F. Pezzetta After the failure of ENHANCEd cholesterol lowering in familial hypercholesterolemia, SEAS of problems with ezetimibe Angiology 60 1 2009 127 128 author reply 129-30
18. http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Industry/Heart-health-ingredients- supply-From-sterols-to-beta-glucan-to-vitamins-K-E. Accessed June 19, 2012.
19. Supplement Business Report 2009 Boulder, CO; 2009.
20. M.B. Katan, S.M. Grundy, and P. Jones Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels Mayo Clin Proc 78 8 2003 965 978
21. F.H. O'Niell, T.A. Sanders, and G.R. Thompson Comparison of efficacy of plant stanol ester and sterol ester: short-term and longer-term studies Am J Cardiol 96 2005 29D 36D
22. Executive summary of the third report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) JAMA 285 19 2001 2486 2497
23. S.A. Doggrell Lowering LDL, cholesterol with margarine containing plant stanol/sterol esters: is it still relevant in 2011? Complement Ther Med 19 1 2011 37 46
24. A.K. Gupta, C.G. Savapoulos, and J. Ahuja Role of phytosterols in lipid-lowering: current perspectives Q J Med 104 2011 301 308
25. L. Calpe-Berdiel, J. Mendez-Gonzalez, and F. Blanco-Vaca Increased plasma levels of plant sterols and atherosclerosis: a controversial issue Curr Atheroscler Rep 11 5 2009 391 398
26. B. Genser, G. Silbernagel, and G. De Backer Plant sterols and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eur Heart J 33 4 2012 444 451
27. A. Trichopoulou, P. Orfanos, and T. Norat Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study BMJ 330 7498 2005 991
28. G.F. Fletcher, G.J. Balady, and E.A. Amsterdam Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association Circulation 104 14 2001 1694 1740
29. J.H. Vogel, S.F. Bolling, and R.B. Costello Integrating complementary medicine into cardiovascular medicine. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (writing committee to develop an expert consensus document on complementary and integrative medicine) J Am Coll Cardiol 46 1 2005 184 221
30. R.Y. Gordon, T. Cooperman, and W. Obermeyer Marked variability of monacolin levels in commercial red yeast rice products: buyer beware! Arch Intern Med 170 19 2010 1722 1727
31. F. Lapi, E. Gallo, and S. Bernasconi Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008 572 574
32. G.V. Prasad, T. Wong, and G. Meliton Rhabdomyolysis due to red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) in a renal transplant recipient Transplantation 74 8 2002 1200 1201
33. C. Buettner, R.B. Davis, and S.G. Leveille Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and statin use J Gen Intern Med 23 8 2008 1182 1186