Brahmi for the better? New findings challenging cognition and anti-anxiety effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) in healthy adults

Psychopharmacology

Volumn 227, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 299-306

  Sathyanarayanan, Vidya ^a   Thomas, Tinku ^a   Einöther, Suzanne J L ^b   Dobriyal, Rajendra ^c   Joshi, M K ^c   Krishnamachari, Srinivasan ^a  

^a ST JOHN'S NATIONAL ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (India)

^b UNILEVER RESEARCH VLAARDINGEN   (Netherlands)

^c Hindustan Lever Limited   (India)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Bacopa monniera; Brahmi; Cognitive functions; Memory

Indexed keywords

BACOPA MONNIERI EXTRACT; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; COMPUTER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INDIAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; KNOWLEDGE; LANGUAGE; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARALLEL DESIGN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; ANXIETY; BACOPA; COGNITION; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; PLANT EXTRACTS; TIME FACTORS; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 84879605434     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: 14322072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-2978-z     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Agarwal A, Dubey ML, Dubey GP (1990) Effects of "Mentat" on memory span, attention, galvanic skin resistance (GSR) and muscle action potential (EMG) among normal adults. Pharmacopsychoecilogia 3:39-42
2. Agrawal A, Gupta U, Dixit SP, Dubey GP (1993) Management of mental deficiency by an indigenous drug Brahmi. Pharmacopsychoecologia l6(1):1-5
3. Babor TF, Biddle-Higgins JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG (2001) AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test: guidelines for use in primary health care. World Health Organization, Geneva
4. Barbhaiya HS, Desai RP, Saxena VS, Pravina K, Wasim P, Geetharani P, Allan JJ, Venkateshwarlu K, Amit A (2008) Efficacy and tolerability of Bacomind® on memory improvement in elderly participants - a double blind placebo controlled study. J Pharmacol Toxicol 3(6):425-434
5. Basu N, Rastogi RP, Dhar ML (1967) Chemical examination of Bacopa monniera. Part I: isolation of chemical constituents Bacoside B. Indian J Chem 5:84-86
6. Bonney KR, Almeida OP, Flicker L, Davies S, Clarnette R, Anderson M, Lautenschlager NT (2006) Inspection time in non-demented older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 44:1452-1456
7. Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken B (2008) Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 14(6):707-713
8. Chaterjee N, Rastogi RP, Dhar ML (1963) Chemical examination of Bacopa monniera. Part I - isolation of chemical constituents. Indian J Chem 1:212-215
9. Das A, Shanker G, Nath C, Pal R, Singh S, Singh HK (2002) A comparative study in rodents of standardized extracts of Bacopa monniera and Ginkgo biloba: anticholinesterase and cognitive enhancing activities. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 73:893-900
10. Deepak M, Amit A (2004) The need for establishing identities of 'bacoside A and B', the putative major bioactive saponins of Indian medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri. Phytomedicine 11:264-268
11. Dubey GP, Pathak SR, Gupta BS (1994) Combined effect of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) and Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) on cognitive functions. Pharmacopsychoecologia 7:249-251
12. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF (1979) A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychol Med 9:139-146
13. Holcomb LA, Dhanasekaran M, Hitt AR, Keith A, Young KA, Riggs M, Manyama BV (2006) Bacopa monniera extract reduces amyloid levels in PSAPP mice. J Alzheimer's Dis 9:243-251
14. Joshi H, Parle M (2006) Brahmi rasayana improves learning and memory in mice. eCAM 3(1):79-85
15. Kar Chowdhuri D, Parmar D, Kakkar P, Shukla R, Seth PK, Srimal RC (2002) Antistress effects of bacosides of Bacopa monnieri: modulation of Hsp70 expression, superoxide dismutase and cytochrome P450 activity in rat brain. Phytother Res 16:639-645
16. Kawai KI, Shibata S (1978) Pseudo jujubo genin, a new sapogenin from bacoside monnieri. Phytochemistry 17:287-289
17. Kishore K, Singh M (2005) Effect of bacosides, alcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera Linn. (brahmi) on experimental amnesia in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 43(7):640-645
18. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW (2004) Neuropsychological assessment, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, New York
19. Morgan A, Stevens J (2010) Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med 16:753-759
20. Morris PL, Goldberg RJ (1989) Validity of the 28 item GHQ in hospitalized gastroenterology patients. Psychosomatics 30:290-295
21. Nathan PJ, Clarke J, Lloyd J, Hutchison CW, Downey L, Stough C (2001) The acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (brahmi) on cognitive functions in healthy normal subjects. Human Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 16:345-351
22. Negi KS, Singh YD, Kushwaha KP, Rastogi CK, Rathi AK, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP, Gupta RC (2000) Clinical evaluation of memory enhancing properties of memory plus in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian J Psychiatry 42(2): 4 Supplement
23. Pase et al (2012) The cognitive-enhancing effects of Bacopa monnieri: a systematic review of randomized, controlled human clinical trials. J Alternat Complement Med 18(7):647-652
24. Prabhakar S, Saraf MK, Pandhi P, Anand A (2008) Bacopa monniera exerts antiamnesic effect on diazepam-induced anterograde amnesia in mice. Psychopharmacology 200:27-37
25. Raghav S, Singh H, Dalal PK, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP (2006) Randomized controlled trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age associated memory impairment. Indian J Psychiatry 48:238-242
26. Rao SL, Subbakrishna DK, Gopukumar K (2004) NIMHANS Neuropsychology Battery 2004. NIMHANS, Bangalore
27. Rey A (1964) L'examen clinique psychologie. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris
28. Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker J (2002) Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 27:279-281
29. Sairam K, Dorababu M, Goel RK, Bhattacharya SK (2002) Antidepressant activity of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in experimental models of depression in rats. Phytomedicine 9:207-211
30. Sharma R, Chaturvedi C, Tewari PV (1987) Efficacy of Bacopa monniera in revitalizing intellectual functions in children. J Res EduInd Med 1:1-12
31. Singh HK, Dhawan BN (1982) Effect of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) extract on avoidance responses in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 5:205-214
32. Singh HK, Dhawan BN (1997) Neuropsychopharmacological effects of the Ayurvedic nootropic Bacopa monniera Linn. (Brahmi). Ind J Pharmacol 29:359-365
33. Singh RH, Singh L (1980) Studies on the anti-anxiety effect of the Medhya Rasayana drug, Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) - part 1. J Res Ayurveda and Siddha 1:133-148
34. Singh HK, Rastogi RP, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN (1988) Effect of bacosides A and B on avoidance response in rats. Phytotherapy Research 2:70-75
35. Spielberger CD (1979) Understanding stress and anxiety. Harper and Row, New York
36. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, Downey L, Hutchison C, Rodgers T, Nathan P (2001) The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology 156:481-484
37. Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, Silber B, Redman S, Hutchinson C, Wesnes K, Nathan P (2008) Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytother Res 22(12):1629-1634
38. Stroop JR (1935) Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 18:643-662
39. Taylor M, Creelman T (1967) PEST: efficient estimate on probability function. J Acoust Soc Am 41:782-787
40. Usha PD, Wasim P, Joshua JA, Geetharani P, Murali B, Mayachari AS, Venkateshwarlu K, Saxena VS, Deepak M, Amit A (2008) Bacomind: a cognitive enhancer in children requiring individual education programme. J Pharmacol Toxicol 3(4):302-310
41. Vohora D, Pal SN, Pillai KK (2000) Protection from phenytoin-induced cognitive deficit by Bacopa monniera, a reputed Indian nootropic plant. J Ethnopharmacol 71:383-390
42. Wesnes KA (2010) Evaluation of techniques to identify beneficial effects of nutrition and natural products on cognitive function. Nutr Rev 68(Suppl 1):S22-S28
43. Wesnes K, Warburton DM (1983) Effects of scopolamine on stimulus sensitivity and response bias in a visual task. Neuropsychobiology 9:154-157
44. Wesnes K, Anand R, Simpson P, Christmas L (1999a) The use of the scopolamine model to study the potential nootropic effects of aniracetam and piracetam in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 4:219-232
45. Wesnes KA, Hildebrand K, Mohr E (1999b) Computerised cognitive assessment. In: Wilcock GW, Bucks RS, Rockwood K (eds) Diagnosis and management of dementia: a manual for memory disorders teams. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 124-136