Synergistic effect of layered nanofillers in intumescent flame-retardant EPDM: Montmorillonite versus layered double hydroxides

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 52, Issue 25, 2013, Pages 8454-8463

  Shen, Zhen Qi ^a   Chen, Li ^a   Lin, Ling ^a   Deng, Cheng Liang ^a   Zhao, Jing ^a   Wang, Yu Zhong ^a  

^a SICHUAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISPERSION STATE; ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE TERPOLYMER; FLAME-RETARDANCE; FLAME-RETARDANT MECHANISMS; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; PEAK HEAT RELEASE RATES; SYNERGISTIC EFFECT; TOTAL HEAT RELEASE;

ETHYLENE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PROPYLENE; TENSILE STRENGTH; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY;

CLAY MINERALS;

EID: 84879542435     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie4010546     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Wang, Z. Z.; Zhou, S.; Hu, Y. Intumescent flame retardation and silane crosslinking of PP/EPDM elastomer Polym. Adv. Technol. 2009, 20, 393
2. Zhou, S.; Wang, Z. Z.; Gui, Z.; Hu, Y. A study of the novel intumescent flame-retarded PP/EPDM copolymer blends J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110, 3804
3. Bhowmick, A. K.; Stein, C.; Stephens, H. L. Handbook of Elastomers; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1981; p 729.
4. Yu, L.; Wang, W. J.; Xiao, W. D. The effect of decabromodiphenyl oxide and antimony trioxide on the flame retardation of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer/polypropylene blends Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2004, 86, 69
5. Chang, Z. H.; Guo, F.; Chen, J. F.; Yu, J. H.; Wang, G. Q. Synergistic flame retardant effects of nano-kaolin and nano-HAO on LDPE/EPDM composites Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92, 1204
6. Jia, S. J.; Zhang, Z. C.; Du, Z. W.; Teng, R. R.; Wang, Z. Z. A study of the dynamic flammability of radiation cross-linked flame-retardant HDPE/EPDM/silicon-elastomer compound Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2003, 66, 349
7. Canaud, C.; Visconte, L. L. Y.; Sens, M. A.; Nunes, R. C. R. Dielectric properties of flame resistant EPDM composites Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2000, 70, 259
8. Gallo, E.; Braun, U.; Schartel, B.; Russo, P.; Acierno, D. Halogen-free flame retarded poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) using metal oxides/PBT nanocomposites in combination with aluminium phosphinate Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009, 94, 1245
9. Jiang, Y. Y.; Zhang, X.; He, J. Y.; Yu, L.; Yang, R. J. Effect of polyphenylsilsesquioxane on the ablative and flame-retardation properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composite Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2011, 96, 949
10. Chen, L.; Wang, Y. Z. A review on flame retardant technology in China. Part I: development of flame retardants Polym. Adv. Technol. 2010, 21, 1
11. Laoutid, F.; Bonnaud, L.; Alexandre, M.; Lopez-Cuesta, J. M. Dubois, Ph. New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: From fundamentals to nanocomposites Mater. Sci. Eng., R. 2009, 63, 100
12. Chang, Z. H.; Guo, F.; Chen, J. F.; Zuo, L.; Yu, J. H.; Wang, G. Q. Synergic flame retardancy mechanism of montmorillonite in the nano-sized hydroxyl aluminum oxalate/LDPE/EPDM system Polymer 2007, 48, 2892
13. Bourbigot, S.; Le Bras, M.; Duquesne, S.; Rochery, M. Recent advances for intumescent polymers Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2004, 289, 499
14. Le Bras, M.; Bugajny, M.; Lefebvre, J. M.; Bourbigot, S. Use of polyurethanes as char-forming agents in polypropylene intumescent formulations Polym. Int. 2000, 49, 1115
15. Wang, D. Y.; Cai, X. X.; Qu, M. H.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, Y. Z. Preparation and flammability of a novel intumescent flame-retardant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) system Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93, 2186
16. Xie, R. C.; Qu, B. J. Expandable graphite systems for halogen-free flame-retarding of polyolefins. I. Flammability characterization and synergistic effect J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 80, 1181
17. Xie, F.; Wang, Y. Z.; Yang, B.; Liu, Y. A novel intumescent flame-retardant polyethylene system Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2006, 291, 247
18. Wang, D. Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Y. Z.; Artiles, C. P.; Hull, T. R.; Price, D. Fire retardancy of a reactively extruded intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system enhanced by metal chelates Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92, 1592
19. Hu, X. P.; Li, Y. L.; Wang, Y. Z. Synergistic effect of the charring agent on the thermal and flame retardant properties of polyethylene Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2004, 289, 208
20. Hu, X. P.; Li, W. Y.; Wang, Y. Z. Synthesis and characterization of a novel nitrogen-containing flame retardant J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 94, 1556
21. Liu, Y.; Deng, C. L.; Zhao, J.; Wang, J. S.; Chen, L.; Wang, Y. Z. An efficiently halogen-free flame-retardant long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene system Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2011, 96, 363
22. Yan, Y. W.; Chen, L.; Jian, R. K.; Kong, S.; Wang, Y. Z. Intumescence: An effect way to flame retardance and smoke suppression for polystyrene Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2012, 97, 1423
23. Wang, D. Y; Cai, X. X.; Qu, M. H.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, Y. Z. Preparation and flammability of a novel intumescent flame-retardant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) system Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93, 2186
24. Bourbigot, S.; Le Bras, M.; Delobel, R.; Breant, P.; Tremillon, J. M. 4A zeolite synergistic agent in new flame retardant intumescent formulations of polyethylenic polymers-Study of the effect of the constituent monomers Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996, 54, 275
25. Liu, Y.; Wang, J. S.; Deng, C. L.; Wang, D. Y.; Song, Y. P.; Wang, Y. Z. The synergistic flame-retardant effect of O-MMT on the intumescent flame-retardant PP/CA/APP systems Polym. Adv. Technol. 2010, 21, 789
26. Liu, Y.; Zhao, J.; Deng, C. L.; Chen, L.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, Y. Z. Flame-retardant effect of sepiolite on an intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene system Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 2047
27. Song, P. A.; Xu, L. H.; Guo, Z. H.; Zhang, Y.; Fang, Z. P. Flame-retardant-wrapped carbon nanotubes for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polypropylene J. Mater. Chem. 2008, 18, 5083
28. Song, P. A.; Liu, H.; Shen, Y.; Du, B. X.; Fang, Z. P.; Wu, Y. Fabrication of dendrimer-like fullerene (C60)-decorated oligomeric intumescent flame retardant for reducing the thermal oxidation and flammability of polypropylene nanocomposites J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 1305
29. Song, P. A.; Yu, Y. M.; Zhang, T.; Fu, S. Y.; Fang, Z. P.; Wu, Q. Permeability, viscoelasticity, and flammability performances and their relationship to polymer nanocomposites Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 7255
30. Costantino, U.; Gallipoli, A.; Nocchetti, M.; Camino, G.; Bellucci, F.; Frache, A. New nanocomposites constituted of polyethylene and organically modified ZnAl-hydrotalcites Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2005, 90, 586
31. Zammarano, M.; Franceschi, M.; Bellayer, S.; Gilman, J. W.; Meriani, S. Preparation and flame resistance properties of revolutionary self-extinguishing epoxy nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides Polymer 2005, 46, 9314
32. Qin, H. L.; Zhang, S. M.; Zhao, C. G.; Hu, G. J.; Yang, M. S. Flame retardant mechanism of polymer/clay nanocomposites based on polypropylene Polymer 2005, 46, 8386
33. Du, B. X.; Guo, Z. H.; Fang, Z. P. Effects of organo-clay and sodium dodecyl sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxide on thermal and flame behaviour of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2009, 94, 1979
34. Du, B. X.; Ma, H. Y.; Fang, Z. P. How nano-fillers affect thermal stability and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retarded polypropylene Polym. Adv. Technol. 2011, 22, 1139
35. Costa, F. R.; Wagenknecht, U.; Heinrich, G. LDPE/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide nanocomposite: Thermal and flammability properties Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007, 92, 1813
36. Manzi Nshuti, C.; Hossenlopp, J. M.; Wilkie, C. A. Fire retardancy of melamine and zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide in poly(methyl methacrylate) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93, 1855
37. Zhao, C. X.; Liu, Y.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, D. L.; Wang, Y. Z. Synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate and layered double hydroxide on flame retardant properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2008, 93, 1323
38. Wang, D. Y.; Das, A.; Costa, F. R.; Leuteritz, A.; Wang, Y. Z.; Wagenknecht, U.; Heinrich, G. Synthesis of organo cobalt aluminum layered double hydroxide via a novel single-step self-assembling method and its use as flame retardant nanofiller in PP Langmuir 2010, 26, 14162
39. Morgan, A. B.; Wilkie, C. A. Practical Issues and Future Trends in Polymer Nanocomposite Flammability Research. In Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites; Morgan, A. B.; Wilkie, C. A., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 2007; p 355.
40. Nyambo, C.; Wang, D. Y.; Wilkie, C. A. Will layered double hydroxides give nanocomposites with polar or non-polar polymers? Polym. Adv. Technol. 2009, 20, 332
41. 3 layered double hydroxides Chin. Sci. Bull. 2005, 50, 1101
42. Wu, C. S.; Liu, Y. L.; Chiu, Y. C.; Chiu, Y. S. Thermal stability of epoxy resins containing flame retardant components: an evaluation with thermogravimetric analysis Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 78, 41
43. Tuinstra, F.; Koenig, J. L. Raman spectrum of graphite J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 1126
44. Fina, A.; Abbenhuis, H. C. L.; Tabuani, D.; Camino, G. Metal functionalized POSS as fire retardants in polypropylene Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91, 2275
45. Tang, T.; Chen, X. C.; Meng, X. Y.; Chen, H.; Ding, Y. P. Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by catalytic combustion of polypropylene Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1517
46. Song, P. A.; Fang, Z. P.; Tong, L. F.; Jin, Y. M.; Lu, F. Z. Effects of metal chelates on a novel oligomeric intumescent flame retardant system for polypropylene J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2008, 82, 286
47. Tuinstra, F.; Koenig, J. L. Characterization of graphite fiber surfaces with Raman spectroscopy J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 4, 492
48. López-Manchado, M. A.; Arroyo, M.; Herrero, B.; Biagiotti, J. Vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber-organoclay nanocomposites J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 89, 1
49. Arroyo, M.; López-Manchado, M. A.; Herrero, B. Organo-montmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds Polymer 2003, 44, 2447