Spatial Geochemical Distribution and Sources of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of Langat River, Western Peninsular Malaysia

Environmental Forensics

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 133-145

  Lim, Wan Ying ^a   Aris, Ahmad Zaharin ^a   Tengku Ismail, Tengku Hanidza ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

correlation analysis; enrichment factor; geo accumulation index; hierarchical cluster analysis; river sediment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879536635     PISSN: 15275922     EISSN: 15275930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2013.781078     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Apello, C. A. J. and Postma, D. 2005. Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution (2nd ed), Rotterdam, The Netherlands: CRC Press, Balkema.
2. APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st ed), Washington, DC: American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation.
3. Aris, A. Z., Abdullah, M. H., Praveena, S. M., Yusoff, M. K. and Juahir, H. 2010. Extenuation of saline solutes in shallow aquifer of a small tropical island: A case study of Manukan Island, North Borneo. Environment Asia, 3: 84 - 92.
4. Aris, A. Z., Praveena, S. M. and Abdullah, M. H. 2012. The influence of seawater on the chemical composition of groundwater in a small island: The example of Manukan Island, East Malaysia. Journal of Coastal Research, 28 (1): 64 - 75.
5. Bahaa-Eldin, E. A. R., Yusoff, I., Rahim, S. A., Wan Zuhairi, W. Y. and Abdul Ghani, M. R. 2008. Heavy metal contamination of soil beneath a waste disposal site at Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 17 (5): 449 - 466.
6. Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., Clemente, R., Lepp, N. and Dickinson, N. 2010. Mobility of arsenic, cadmium and zinc in a multi-element contaminated soil profile assessed by in-situ soil pore water sampling, column leaching and sequential extraction. Environmental Pollution, 158: 155 - 160.
7. Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Suruvi, N. I., Dampare, S. B., Islam, M. A., Quraishi, S. B. Ganyaglo, S. 2011. Investigation of the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in lagoon and canal water in the tannery industrial area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 175 (1-4): 633 - 649.
8. Birth, G. 2003. A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic environments using sediments, Edited by: Woodcoffe, C. D. and Furness, R. A. Coastal GIS. Sydney, Australia
9. Caeiro, S., Costa, M. H., Ramos, T. B., Fernandes, F., Silveira, N. Coimbra, A. 2005. Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sado Estuary sediment: An index analysis approach. Ecological Indicators, 5 (2): 151 - 169.
10. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). 2002. " Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life: Summary tables (updated) ". In Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Winnipeg, Canada: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
11. Chapman, P. M., Patrick, J. A. and Vigers, G. A. 1999. Development of sediment quality values for Hong Kong special administrative region: A possible model for other jurisdictions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38: 161 - 169.
12. Chen, C. W., Kao, C. M., Chen, C. F. and Dong, C. D. 2007. Distribution and accumulation of metals in sediments of Kaoshiung Harbor, Taiwan. Chemosphere, 66: 1431 - 1440.
13. Cheng, H., Hu, Y., Luo, J., Xu, B. and Zhao, J. 2009. Geochemical processes controlling fate and transport of arsenic in acid mine drainage (AMD) and natural systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165: 13 - 26.
14. Çevik, F, Göksu, M. Z., Derici, O. B. and Fi{dotless}ndi{dotless}k, Ö. 2009. An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152 (1-4): 309 - 317.
15. Department of Agriculture. (DOA). 1995. Land use of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: DOA.
16. Department of Environment (DOE). 2010. Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Department of Environment Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
17. Esen, E., Kucuksezgin, F. and Uluturhan, E. 2010. Assessment of trace metal pollution in surface sediments of Nemrut Bay, Aegean Sea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160: 257 - 266.
18. Fernandes, L. L. and Nayak, G. N. 2012. Geochemical assessment in a creek environment in Mumbai, West Coast of India. Environmental Forensics, 13: 45 - 54.
19. Fitz, W. J. and Wenzel, W. W. 2002. Arsenic transformations in the soil-rhizosphere-plant system: Fundamentals and potential application to phytoremediation. Journal of Biotechnology, 99: 259 - 278.
20. Förstner, U. and Wittmann, G. T. W. 1979. Metal pollution in the aquatic environment, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
21. García-Sánchez, A., Alonso-Rojo, P. and Santos-Francés, F. 2010. Distribution and mobility of arsenic in soils of a mining area (Western Spain). Science of the Total Environment, 408: 4194 - 4201.
22. Ghrefat, H. A., Abu-Rukah, Y. and Rosen, M. A. 2011. Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Kafrain Dam, Jordan. Environ. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 178: 95 - 109.
23. Howard, K. W. F. and Lloyd, J. W. 1983. Major ion characterization of coastal saline ground waters. Ground Water, 21 (4): 429 - 437.
24. Hooda, P. S. 2010. Trace Elements in Soils, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
25. Hussain, T. P. R. S. and Hassan, K. H. 2003. " River pollution in urban ecosystem: Lesson to be learnt from Malaysia experience ". In Urban Ecosystem Studies in Malaysia: A Study of Change, Edited by: Hashim, N. M and Rainis, R. Universal Publishers. FL, USA
26. Idris, A. M., Eltayeb, M. A. H., Potgieter-Vermaak, S. S., Van Grieken, R. and Potgieter, J. H. 2007. Assessment of heavy metals pollution in Sudanese harbours along the Red Sea Coast. Microchemical Journal, 87 (2): 104 - 112.
27. Idris, A. M. 2008. Combining multivariate analysis and geochemical approaches for assessing heavy metal level in sediments from Sudanese harbors along the Red Sea Coast. Microchemical Journal, 90: 159 - 163.
28. Ismail, A. and Ramli, R. 1997. Trace metals in sediments and mollusks from an estuary receiving pig farms effluent. Environmental Technology, 18: 509 - 515.
29. JICA. 2002. The Study on the Sustainable Groundwater Resources and Environmental Management for the Langat Basin in Malaysia. Final Report, vol. 3: Supporting Report, Japan International Cooperation Agency. Tokyo, Japan
30. Juahir, J., Zain, S. M., Aris, A. Z., Yusof, M. K., Abu Samah, M. A. and Mokhtar, M. 2010. Hydrological Trend Analysis Due To Land Use Changes at Langat River Basin. EnvironmentAsia, 3 (special issue): 20 - 31.
31. Juahir, H., Zain, S. M., Yusoff, M. K., Tengku Hanidza, T. I., Abu Samah, M. A. Toriman, M. K. 2010. Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 173: 625 - 641.
32. Kamaruzzaman, Y. and Ong, M. C. 2009. Geochemical proxy of some chemical elements in sediments of Kemaman River Estuary, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 38 (5): 631 - 636.
33. Kashem, M. A., Singh, B. R. and Kawai, S. 2007. Mobility and distribution of cadmium, nickel and zinc in contaminated soil profiles from Bangladesh. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 77 (2): 187 - 198.
34. Kay, J. T., Conklin, M. H., Fuller, C. C. and O'Day, P. A. 2001. Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe Mining District, Arizona. Environmental Science & Technology, 35 (24): 4719 - 4725.
35. Kerr, G. W. 1962. Use of statistical methodology in environmental monitoring. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 23 (1): 75 - 82.
36. Kharroubi, A., Gargouri, D., Baati, H. and Azri, C. 2012. Assessment of sediment quality in the Mediterranean Sea-Boughrara Lagoon exchange areas (Southeastern Tunisia): GIS approach-based chemometric methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184 (6): 4001 - 4014.
37. Larsen, B. and Jensen, A. 1989. Evaluation of the sensitivity of sediment monitoring stationary in pollution monitoring. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 20: 556 - 560.
38. Lee, Y. H., Abdullah, M. P., Chai, S. Y., Mokhtar, M. and Ahmad, R. 2006. Development of possible indicators for sewage pollution for the assessment of Langat River ecosystem health. Malaysia Journal of Analytical Sciences, 10 (1): 15 - 26.
39. Loska, K., Wiechuła, D., Barska, B., Cebula, E. and Chojnecka, A. 2003. Assessment of arsenic enrichment of cultivated soils in southern Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 12 (2): 187 - 192.
40. Martin, G. D., George, R., Shaiju, P., Muraleedharan, K. R., Nair, S. M. and Chandramohanakumar, N. 2012. Toxic metals enrichment in the surficial sediments of a eutrophic tropical estuary (Cochin Backwaters, Southwest Coast of India). Scientific World Journal, 17 DOI: 10.1100/2012/972839
41. Mokhtar, M., Aris, A. Z., Munusamy, V. and Praveena, S. M. 2009. Assessment level of heavy metals in Penaeus Monodon and Oreochromis Spp. in selected aquaculture ponds of high densities development area. European Journal of Scientific Research, 30 (3): 348 - 360.
42. Mokhtar, M., Toriman, M. E. H., Hossain, M. A. A. and Tan, K. W. 2011. Institutional challenges for integrated river basin management in Langat River Basin, Malaysia. Water and Environment Journal, 25 (4): 495 - 503.
43. Müller, G. 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal, 2: 108 - 118.
44. Naji, A. and Ismail, A. 2011. Assessment of metals contamination in Klang River surface sediments by using different indexes. Environment Asia, 4 (1): 30 - 38.
45. Nasrabadi, T., Bidhendi, G. B., Karbassi, A. and Mehrdadi, N. 2010. Evaluating the efficiency of sediment metal pollution indices in interpreting the pollution of Haraz River sediments, southern Caspian Sea basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 171: 395 - 410.
46. Nieuwolt, S., Ghazali, M. Z. and Gopinathan, B. 1982. " Agro-ecological regions in Peninsular Malaysia ". 20 - 22. Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia: MARDI.
47. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1999. Screening quick reference tables (SquiRTs) NOAA website available at:
48. Praveena, S. M, Ahmed, A., Radojevic, M., Abdullah, M. and Aris, A. Z. 2008. Multivariate and geoaccumulation index evaluation in mangrove surface sediment of Mengkabong Lagoon, Sabah. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81 (1): 52 - 56.
49. Radojevic, M. and Bashkin, V. N. 2007. Practical Environment Analysis, Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry.
50. Raj, S. M. and Jayaprakash, M. 2008. Distribution and enrichment of trace metals in marine sediments of Bay of Bengal, off Ennore, south-east coast of India. Environmental Geology, 56 (1): 207 - 217.
51. Reimann, C. and Filzmoser, P. 1999. Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: Death of a Myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data. Environmental Geology, 39 (9): 1001 - 1014.
52. Sarmani, S. B. 1989. The determination of heavy metals in water, suspended materials and sediments from Langat River, Malaysia. Hydrobiologia, 176-177 (1): 233 - 238.
53. Sarmani, S. B., Abdullah, M. P., Baba, I. and Majid, A. A. 1992. Inventory of heavy-metals and organic micropollutants in an urban water catchment drainage-basin. Hydrobiologia, 235-236: 669 - 674.
54. Shahar, H. and Majid, A. 2007. Platinum, palladium and rhodium levels in road dusts of Kuala Lumpur and Genting Sempah Tunnel, Pahang. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 11 (1): 145 - 153.
55. Shah Ali Charlie, L. 2010. Assessment of water quality characteristics during base and storm flow events on Sungai Langat basin, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Master's thesis
56. Singh, K. P., Mohan, D., Singh, V. K. and Malik, A. 2005. Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments-A tributary of the Ganges. Journal of Hydrology, 312: 14 - 27.
57. Taha, M. 2003. Groundwater Engineering-Recent Advances: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Okayama, Japan, Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis Publishers.
58. Tessens, E. and Shamshuddin, J. 1983. Quantitative Relationships between Mineralogy and Properties of Tropical Soils, Serdang, Malaysia: UPM Press.
59. Tong, S. L. and Gian, H. F. Analysis of arsenic in environmental samples by an arsine generation-radiometric method. Proceedings of the Symposium of Improving the Quality of Life in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 125 - 133.
60. Tournassat, C., Charlet, L., Bosbach, D. and Manceau, A. 2002. Arsenic (III) oxidation by birnessite and precipitation of manganese(II) arsenate. Environmental Science & Technology, 36: 493 - 500.
61. Universiti Malaya Consultancy Unit (UPUM). 2002. Final report program Pencegahan dan Peningkatan Kualiti Air Sungai Langat, Kuala Lumpur: UPUM.
62. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2006. Region III BTAG Freshwater Sediment Screening Benchmarks Available at: http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/eco/btag/sbv/fwsed/screenbench.htm
63. Wedepohl, K. H. 1995. The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59 (7): 1217 - 1232.
64. Wenzel, W. W., Brandstetter, A., Wutte, H., Lombi, E., Prohaska, T. Stingeder, G. 2002. Arsenic in field-collected soil solutions and extracts of contaminated soils and its implication to soil standards. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 165: 221 - 228.
65. World Health Organization (WHO). 2004. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, vol. 1: Recommendations (3rd ed), Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
66. Wu, Z., He, M. and Lin, C. 2011. Environmental impacts of heavy metals (Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) in surficial sediments of estuary in Daliao River and Yingkou Bay (Northeast China): concentration level and chemical fraction. Environmental Earth Sciences, 66 (8): 2417 - 2430.
67. Yap, C. K., Ismail, A. and Tan, S. G. 2003. Cd and Zn concentrations in the straits of Malacca and intertidal sediments of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46 (10): 1349 - 1353.
68. Yap, C. K. and Pang, B. H. 2011. Assessment of Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination in sediment of northwestern Peninsular Malaysia by using sediment quality values and different geochemical indices. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 183: 23 - 39.
69. Zulkifli, S., Mohamat-Yusuff, F., Arai, T., Ismail, A. and Miyazaki, N. 2009. An assessment of selected trace elements in intertidal surface sediments collected from the Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 169 (1): 457 - 472.
70. Zainuddin, K., Zakaria, M. P., Al-Odaini, N. A., Bakhtiari, A. R. and Latif, P. 2012. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in surface water from the Langat River, Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental Forensics, 13: 82 - 92.