VGKC complex antibodies in pediatric severe acute encephalitis: A study and literature review

Brain and Development

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 630-635

  Lin, Jainn Jim ^a,b   Lin, Kuang Lin ^a,b   Hsia, Shao Hsuan ^a,b   Wang, Huei Shyong ^a,b   Chiu, Cheng Hsun ^a  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (Taiwan)

^b CHANG GUNG CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Pediatric severe acute encephalitis; VGKC complex antibodies

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; CONTACTIN ASSOCIATED PROTEIN LIKE 2 ANTIBODY; DIAZEPAM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; LEUCINE RICH GLIOMA INACTIVATED 1 PROTEIN ANTIBODY; LORAZEPAM; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MIDAZOLAM; OSELTAMIVIR; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL;

ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODY DETECTION; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CASE REPORT; CHILD; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG MEGADOSE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; ENCEPHALITIS; EPILEPTIC STATE; FEMALE; FOCAL EPILEPSY; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFANT; INFLUENZA A; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MENTAL DETERIORATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCREENING; SEROLOGY; THALAMUS; VIRUS CULTURE; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS;

ADOLESCENT; AUTOANTIBODIES; AUTOANTIGENS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENCEPHALITIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFLUENZA A VIRUS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; POTASSIUM CHANNELS, VOLTAGE-GATED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 84879460353     PISSN: 03877604     EISSN: 18727131     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.09.012     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Graus F., Saiz A., Dalmau J. Antibodies and neuronal autoimmune disorders of the CNS. J Neurol 2010, 257:509-517.
2. Vincent A., Irani S.R., Lang B. The growing recognition of immunotherapy-responsive seizure disorders with autoantibodies to specific neuronal proteins. Curr Opin Neurol 2010, 23:144-150.
3. Vincent A., Bien C.G., Irani S.R., Waters P. Autoantibodies associated with diseases of the CNS: new developments and future challenges. Lancet Neurol 2011, 10:759-772.
4. Lancaster E., Martinez-Hernandez E., Dalmau J. Encephalitis and antibodies to synaptic and neuronal cell surface proteins. Neurology 2011, 77:179-189.
5. Galanakis E., Tzoufi M., Katragkou A., Nakou I., Roilides E. A prospective multicenter study of childhood encephalitis in Greece. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009, 28:740-742.
6. Fowler A., Stödberg T., Eriksson M., Wickström R. Childhood encephalitis in Sweden: etiology, clinical presentation and outcome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2008, 12:484-490.
7. Kroll-Seger J., Bien C.G., Huppertz H.J. Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with antibodies to potassium channels leading to bilateral hippocampal sclerosis in a pre-pubertal girl. Epileptic Disord 2009, 11:54-59.
8. Haberlandt E., Bast T., Ebner A., Holthausen H., Kluger G., Kravljanac R., et al. Limbic encephalitis in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child 2011, 96:186-191.
9. Illingworth M.A., Hanrahan D., Anderson C.E., O'Kane K., Anderson J., Casey M., et al. Elevated VGKC-complex antibodies in a boy with fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-age children (FIRES). Dev Med Child Neurol 2011, 53:1053-1057.
10. Suleiman J., Brenner T., Gill D., Brilot F., Antony J., Vincent A., et al. VGKC antibodies in pediatric encephalitis presenting with status epilepticus. Neurology 2011, 76:1252-1255.
11. Iyer A., McTague A., Curran A., Inbasagaran A., Vincent A., Kneen R. VGKC-complex antibody mediated encephalitis presenting with psychiatric features and neuroleptic malignant syndrome - further expanding the phenotype. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012, 54:575-576.
12. Irani S.R., Alexander S., Waters P., Kleopa K.A., Pettingill P., Zuliani L., et al. Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 protein and conactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Brain 2010, 133:2734-2748.
13. Lai M., Huijbers M.G., Lancaster E., Graus F., Bataller L., Balice-Gordon R., et al. Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol 2010, 9:776-785.
14. Lin J.J., Lin K.L., Wang H.S., Hsia S.H., Wu C.T. Analysis of status epilepticus related presumed encephalitis in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2008, 12:32-37.
15. Lin J.J., Lin K.L., Wang H.S., Hsia S.H., Wu C.T. Effect of topiramate, in combination with lidocaine, and phenobarbital, in acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures. Brain Dev 2009, 31:605-611.
16. Lin J.J., Lin K.L., Hsia S.H., Wu C.T., Chou I.J., Wang H.S. Analysis of status epilepticus with Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis. Pediatr. Neurol. 2010, 43:41-45.
17. Granerod J., Ambrose H.E., Davies N.W., Clewley J.P., Walsh A.L., Morgan D., et al. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis 2010, 10:835-844.
18. Vincent A., Buckley C., Scott J.M., Baker I., Dewar B.K., Detert N., et al. Potassium channel antibody-associated encephalopathy: a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of limbic encephalitis. Brain 2004, 127:701-712.
19. Thieben M.J., Lennon V.A., Boeve B.F., Aksamit A.J., Keegan M., Vernino S. Potentially reversible autoimmune limbic encephalitis with neuronal potassium channel antibody. Neurology 2004, 62:1177-1182.
20. Suleiman J., Brenner T., Gill D., Troedson C., Sinclair A.J., Brilot F., et al. Immune-mediated steroid-responsive epileptic spasms and epileptic encephalopathy associated with VGKC-complex antibodies. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011, 53:1058-1060.
21. Cooke A. Infection and autoimmunity. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009, 42:105-107.
22. Toplak N., Avcin T. Influenza and autoimmunity. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009, 1173:619-626.
23. Gable M.S., Gavali S., Radner A., Tilley D.H., Lee B., Dyner L., et al. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: report of ten cases and comparison with viral encephalitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009, 28:1421-1429.