Correlation of leukorrhea and Trichomonas vaginalis infection

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 51, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 2323-2327

  Lazenby, Gweneth B ^a   Soper, David E ^a   Nolte, Frederick S ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; CONTRACEPTIVE BEHAVIOR; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EPITHELIUM CELL; ETHNICITY; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; GRAM STAINING; GYNECOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INFECTION RISK; LEUKORRHEA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROSCOPY; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NEUTROPHIL; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; PARASITE CULTURE; PARASITE EXAMINATION; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PARITY; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; TRICHOMONADIDA; TRICHOMONIASIS; VAGINA DISCHARGE; VAGINA PH; VAGINA SMEAR; VAGINITIS; YEAST CELL; CHEMISTRY; CYTOLOGY; EVALUATION STUDY; EXUDATE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MIDDLE AGED; PARASITOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS; YOUNG ADULT;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; TRICHOMONADIDA; TRICHOMONAS; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; EXUDATES AND TRANSUDATES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; LEUKORRHEA; MICROSCOPY; MIDDLE AGED; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES; PARASITOLOGY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84879429909     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: 1098660X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00416-13     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Sutton M, Sternberg M, Koumans EH, McQuillan G, Berman S, Markowitz L. 2007. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001-2004. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45:1319-1326.
2. Johnston VJ, Mabey DC. 2008. Global epidemiology and control of Trichomonas vaginalis. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 21:56-64.
3. Munson E, Napierala M, Olson R, Endes T, Block T, Hryciuk JE, Schell RF. 2008. Impact of Trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification-based analyte-specific-reagent testing in a metropolitan setting of high sexually transmitted disease prevalence. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 3368-3374.
4. Nye MB, Schwebke JR, Body BA. 2009. Comparison of APTIMA Trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification to wet mount microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men and women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 200: 188.e1188.e7.
5. Verteramo R, Calzolari E, Degener AM, Masciangelo R, Patella A. 2008. Trichomonas vaginalis infection: risk indicators among women attending for routine gynecologic examination. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 34:233-237.
6. Demirezen S, Safi Z, Beksac S. 2000. The interaction of trichomonas vaginalis with epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes on vaginal smears: light microscopic observation. Cytopathology 11:326-332.
7. Hakakha MM, Davis J, Korst LM, Silverman NS. 2002. Leukorrhea and bacterial vaginosis as in-office predictors of cervical infection in high-risk women. Obstet. Gynecol. 100:808-812.
8. Yudin MH, Hillier SL, Wiesenfeld HC, Krohn MA, Amortegui AA, Sweet RL. 2003. Vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacterial vaginosis as markers for histologic endometritis among women without symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 188: 318-323.
9. Critchlow CW, Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach DA, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA, Stevens CE, Holmes KK. 1995. Determinants of cervical ectopia and of cervicitis: age, oral contraception, specific cervical infection, smoking, and douching. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173:534-543.
10. Larsson PG, Platz-Christensen JJ. 1991. The vaginal pH and leucocyte/epithelial cell ratio vary during normal menstrual cycles. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 38:39-41.
11. Wah RM, Anderson DJ, Hill JA. 1990. Asymptomatic cervicovaginal leukocytosis in infertile women. Fertil. Steril. 54:445-450.
12. Hill JA, Anderson DJ. 1992. Human vaginal leukocytes and the effects of vaginal fluid on lymphocyte and macrophage defense functions. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 166:720-726.
13. Schwebke JR, Burgess D. 2004. Trichomoniasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17:794-803, table of contents.
14. Van Der Pol B, Kraft CS, Williams JA. 2006. Use of an adaptation of a commercially available PCR assay aimed at diagnosis of chlamydia and gonorrhea to detect Trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:366-373.
15. Huppert JS, Batteiger BE, Braslins P, Feldman JA, Hobbs MM, Sankey HZ, Sena AC, Wendel KA. 2005. Use of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:684-687.
16. Campbell L, Woods V, Lloyd T, Elsayed S, Church DL. 2008. Evaluation of theOSOMTrichomonas rapid test versus wet preparation examination for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis in specimens from women with a low prevalence of infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:3467-3469.
17. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. 1991. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:297-301.
18. Workowski KA, Berman SM. 2011. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53(Suppl 3):S59-S63.
19. Schwebke JR, Hobbs MM, Taylor SN, Sena AC, Catania MG, Weinbaum BS, Johnson AD, Getman DK, Gaydos CA. 2011. Molecular testing for Trichomonas vaginalis in women: results from a prospective U.S. clinical trial. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49:4106-4111.
20. Levine WC, Pope V, Bhoomkar A, Tambe P, Lewis JS, Zaidi AA, Farshy CE, Mitchell S, Talkington DF. 1998. Increase in endocervical CD4 lymphocytes among women with nonulcerative sexually transmitted diseases. J. Infect. Dis. 177:167-174.
21. Hardick A, Hardick J, Wood BJ, Gaydos C. 2006. Comparison between the Gen-Probe transcription-mediated amplification Trichomonas vaginalis research assay and real-time PCR for Trichomonas vaginalis detection using a Roche LightCycler instrument with female self-obtained vaginal swab samples and male urine samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:4197-4199.
22. Andrea SB, Chapin KC. 2011. Comparison of Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification assay and BD affirm VPIII for detection of T. vaginalis in symptomatic women: performance parameters and epidemiological implications. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49:866-869.
23. Huppert JS, Mortensen JE, Reed JL, Kahn JA, Rich KD, Miller WC, Hobbs MM. 2007. Rapid antigen testing compares favorably with transcription-mediated amplification assay for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in young women. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45:194-198.