Neuroethology of primate social behavior

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 110, Issue SUPPL2, 2013, Pages 10387-10394

  Chang, Steve W C ^a   Brentab, Lauren J N ^a   Adamsab, Geoffrey K ^a   Kleinc, Jeffrey T ^b   Pearson, John M ^a   Watsonab, Karli K ^a   Platt, Michael L ^a,c  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Decision; Evolution; Oxytocin; Reward; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

ARGIPRESSIN; NEUROPEPTIDE; OXYTOCIN; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE 2;

ANTERIOR CINGULATE; BRAIN; EPIGENETICS; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GENETIC REGULATION; HUMAN; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; ORBITAL CORTEX; POSTERIOR CINGULATE; PRIMATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL STATUS;

PRIMATES;

EID: 84879306050     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301213110     Document Type: Review

References (148)

1. Berkman LF (2000) Social support, social networks, social cohesion and health. Soc Work Health Care 31 2:3-14.
2. Cohen S (2004) Social relationships and health. Am Psychol 59 8:676-684.
3. Barefoot JC, Gronbaek M, Jensen G, Schnohr P, Prescott E (2005) Social network diversity and risks of ischemic heart disease and total mortality: Findings from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 161 10:960-967.
4. Baron RA, Markman GD (2003) Beyond social capital: The role of entrepreneurs' social competence in their financial success. J Bus Venturing 18(1):41-60.
5. Meyer-Lindenberg A, Domes G, Kirsch P, Heinrichs M (2011) Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: Socialneuropeptides for translational medicine. Nat Rev Neurosci 12 9:524-538.
6. Adolphs R (2003) Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 4 3:165-178.
7. Allman JM (1999) Evolving Brains (Scientifc American Library, New York).
8. Byrne R, Whiten A (1989) Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans (Oxford Science Publications, Oxford).
9. Dunbar R I M (1998) The social brain hypothesis. Evolutionary Anthropology 6(5):178-190.
10. Smuts BB, Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM, Wrangham RW, Struhsaker TT (1987) Primate Societies (Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago).
11. Wilson EO (1975) Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Belknap Press of Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA).
12. Silk JB, Alberts SC, Altmann J (2003) Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival. Science 302 5648:1231-1234.
13. Lennie P (2003) The cost of cortical computation. Curr Biol 13 6:493-497.
14. Aiello LC, Wheeler P (1995) The expensive-tissue hypothesis: The brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution. Curr Anthropol 36 2:199-221.
15. Leonard WR, Robertson ML, Snodgrass JJ, Kuzawa CW (2003) Metabolic correlates of hominid brain evolution. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 136 1:5-15.
16. Harding RS (1981) An order of omnivores: Nonhuman primate diets in the wild. Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution, eds Harding RS, Teleki G (Columbia Univ Press, New York), pp 191-214.
17. Milton K (1981) Food choice and digestive strategies of two sympatric primate species. Am Nat 137 4:496-505.
18. Harvey PH, Clutton-Brock TH, Mace GM (1980) Brain size and ecology in small mammals and primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77 7:4387-4389.
19. Leakey LS, Tobias PV, Napier JR (1964) A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge. Nature 202 4927:7-9.
20. Wrangham R (2009) Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human (Basic Books, Philadelphia).
21. Rushworth MF, Mars RB, Sallet J (2013) Aretherespecialized circuitsfor social cognition and are they unique to humans? Curr Opin Neurobiol, 10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.013.
22. Katz PS, Harris-Warrick RM (1999) The evolution of neuronal circuits underlying species-specific behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9 5:628-633.
23. Katz PS (2006) Comparative neurophysiology: An electric convergence in fish. Curr Biol 16(9):R327-R330.
24. Montgomery JC (1991) "Seeing" with nonvisual senses: Mechano-and electrosensory systems of fish. Physiology (Bethesda) 6:73-77.
25. Neumann ID, Torner L, Wigger A (2000) Brain oxytocin: Differential inhibition of neuroendocrine stress responses and anxiety-related behaviour in virgin, pregnant and lactating rats. Neuroscience 95 2:567-575.
26. Yoshida M, et al. (2009) Evidence that oxytocin exerts anxiolytic effects via oxytocin receptor expressed in serotonergic neurons in mice. J Neurosci 29 7:2259-2271.
27. Kemp AH, Guastella AJ (2010) Oxytocin: Prosocial behavior, social salience, or approach-related behavior? Biol Psychiatry 67(6):e33-e34; author reply e35.
28. Young LJ (2002) The neurobiology of social recognition, approach, and avoidance. Biol Psychiatry 51 1:18-26.
29. Averbeck BB (2010) Oxytocin and the salience of social cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 20:9033-9034.
30. Perrett DI, Rolls ET, Caan W (1982) Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Exp Brain Res 47 3:329-342.
31. Desimone R, Albright TD, Gross CG, Bruce C (1984) Stimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neurons in the macaque. J Neurosci 4 8:2051-2062.
32. Desimone R (1991) Face-selective cells in the temporal cortex of monkeys. J Cogn Neurosci 3(1):1-8.
33. Tsao DY, Freiwald WA, Knutsen TA, Mandeville JB, Tootell RB (2003) Faces and objects in macaque cerebral cortex. Nat Neurosci 6 9:989-995.
34. Kendrick K (1994) Neurobiological correlates of visual and olfactory recognition in sheep. Behav Processes 33 1:89-111.
35. Klein JT, Deaner RO, Platt ML (2008) Neural correlates of social target value in macaque parietal cortex. Curr Biol 18 6:419-424.
36. Chang SW, Gariépy JF, Platt ML (2013) Neuronal reference frames for social decisions in primate frontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 16 2:243-250.
37. Klein JT, Platt ML (2013) Social information signaling by neurons in primate striatum. Curr Biol 23 8:691-696.
38. Watson KK, Platt ML (2012) Social signals in primate orbitofrontal cortex. Curr Biol 22 23:2268-2273.
39. Charnov EL (1976) Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theor Popul Biol 9(2):129-136.
40. Stephens DW, Krebs JR (1986) Foraging Theory (Princeton Univ Press, Princeton).
41. Hayden BY, Pearson JM, Platt ML (2011) Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a patchy environment. Nat Neurosci 14 7:933-939.
42. Kolling N, Behrens TE, Mars RB, Rushworth MF (2012) Neural mechanisms of foraging. Science 336 6077:95-98.
43. Miller CS, Remington RW (2004) Modeling information navigation: Implications for information architecture. Hum Comput Interact 19 3:225-271.
44. Lawrance J, et al. (2013) How programmers debug, revisited: An information foraging theory perspective. IEEE Trans Software Engineering 39 2:197-215.
45. Pirolli P (2007) Information Foraging Theory: Adaptive Interaction with Information (Oxford Univ Press, Oxford).
46. Emery NJ (2000) The eyes have it: The neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 24 6:581-604.
47. Hayden BY, Parikh PC, Deaner RO, Platt ML (2007) Economic principles motivating social attention in humans. Proc Biol Sci 274 1619:1751-1756.
48. Deaner RO, Khera AV, Platt ML (2005) Monkeys pay per view: Adaptive valuation of social images by rhesus macaques. Curr Biol 15 6:543-548.
49. Johnson MH, Dziurawiec S, Ellis H, Morton J (1991) Newborns' preferential tracking of face-like stimuli and its subsequent decline. Cognition 40(1-2):1-19
50. Keating CF, Keating EG (1982) Visual scan patterns of rhesus monkeys viewing faces. Perception 11(2):211-219.
51. McNelis NL, Boatright-Horowitz SL (1998) Social monitoring in a primate group: The relationship between visual attention and hierarchical ranks. Anim Cogn 1(1):65-69.
52. Rilling J, et al. (2002) A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron 35(2):395-405.
53. Rand DG, Greene JD, Nowak MA (2012) Spontaneous giving and calculated greed. Nature 489(7416):427-430.
54. de Quervain DJ, et al. (2004) The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science 305(5688):1254-1258.
55. Lee D (2008) Game theory and neural basis of social decision making. Nat Neurosci 11(4):404-409.
56. Adams GK, Watson KK, Pearson J, Platt ML (2012) Neuroethology of decision-making. Curr Opin Neurobiol 22(6):982-989.
57. Fanselow MS, Lester LS (1988) A functional behavioristic approach to aversively motivated behavior: Predatory imminence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior. Evolution and Learning, eds Bolles RC, Beecher MD (Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ), pp 185-212.
58. Dielenberg RA, Carrive P, McGregor IS (2001) The cardiovascular and behavioral response to cat odor in rats: unconditioned and conditioned effects. Brain Res 897(1-2):228-237
59. Tsao DY, Freiwald WA, Tootell RB, Livingstone MS (2006) A cortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells. Science 311(5761):670-674.
60. Quiroga RQ, Reddy L, Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I (2005) Invariant visual representation by single neurons in the human brain. Nature 435(7045):1102-1107.
61. Keverne EB (1999) The vomeronasal organ. Science 286(5440):716-720.
62. Doupe AJ, Konishi M (1991) Song-selective auditory circuits in the vocal control system of the zebra finch. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88(24):11339-11343.
63. Eliades SJ, Wang X (2008) Neural substrates of vocalization feedback monitoring in primate auditory cortex. Nature 453(7198):1102-1106.
64. Ghazanfar AA, Hauser MD (2001) (2) auditory behaviour of primates: A neuroethological perspective. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11(6):712-720.
65. Damasio AR, Geschwind N (1984) The neural basis of language. Annu Rev Neurosci 7(1):127-147.
66. Schino G, Scucchi S, Maestripieri D, Turillazzi PG (1988) Allogrooming as a tensionreduction mechanism: A behavioral approach. Am J Primatol 16(1):43-50.
67. Grant EG, Mackintosh JH (1963) A comparison of the social postures of some common laboratory rodents. Behaviour 21(3-4):246-259
68. Deag JM (1977) Aggression and submission in monkey societies. Anim Behav 25(2):465-474.
69. Moll J, Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Krueger F, Grafman J (2005) Opinion: The neural basis of human moral cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(10):799-809.
70. Izuma K, Saito DN, Sadato N (2008) Processing of social and monetary rewards in the human striatum. Neuron 58(2):284-294.
71. Mobbs D, et al. (2009) A key role for similarity in vicarious reward. Science 324(5929):900.
72. Moll J, et al. (2006) Human fronto-mesolimbic networks guide decisions about charitable donation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(42):15623-15628.
73. Smith DV, et al. (2010) Distinct value signals in anterior and posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 30(7):2490-2495.
74. Azzi JC, Sirigu A, Duhamel JR (2012) Modulation of value representation by social context in the primate orbitofrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(6):2126-2131.
75. Eriksen CW, Yeh Y-Y (1985) Allocation of attention in the visual field. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 11(5):583-597.
76. Herrington TM, Assad JA (2010) Temporal sequence of attentional modulation in the lateral intraparietal area and middle temporal area during rapid covert shifts of attention. J Neurosci 30(9):3287-3296.
77. Hunnius S (2007) The early development of visual attention and its implications for social and cognitive development. Prog Brain Res 164:187-209.
78. Moore T, Armstrong KM, Fallah M (2003) Visuomotor origins of covert spatial attention. Neuron 40(4):671-683.
79. Shepherd SV (2010) Following gaze: Gaze-following behavior as a window into social cognition. Front Integr Neurosci 4:5.
80. Bruce C, Desimone R, Gross CG (1981) Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. J Neurophysiol 46(2):369-384.
81. Hoffman EA, Haxby JV (2000) Distinct representations of eye gaze and identity in the distributed human neural system for face perception. Nat Neurosci 3(1):80-84.
82. Gao T, Scholl BJ, McCarthy G (2012) Dissociating the detection of intentionality from animacy in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus. J Neurosci 32(41):14276-14280.
83. Roy A, Shepherd SV, Platt ML (2012) Reversible inactivation of pSTS suppresses social gaze following in the macaque (Macaca mulatta). Soc CognAffectNeurosci, in press.
84. Bisley JW, Goldberg ME (2010) Attention, intention, and priority in the parietal lobe. Annu Rev Neurosci 33:1-21.
85. Snyder LH, Batista AP, Andersen RA (2000) Intention-related activity in the posterior parietal cortex: A review. Vision Res 40(10-12):1433-1441
86. Shepherd SV, Klein JT, Deaner RO, Platt ML (2009) Mirroring of attention by neurons in macaque parietal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(23):9489-9494.
87. Roy A, Platt ML (2009) Neuronal mechanisms of gaze following: Insights from a choice task. Society for Neuroscience (Chicago, IL), Program No. 455.5/Z1.
88. Levy DJ, Glimcher PW (2012) The root of all value: A neural common currency for choice. Curr Opin Neurobiol 22(6):1027-1038.
89. Padoa-Schioppa C, Assad JA (2006) Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value. Nature 441(7090):223-226.
90. Carmichael ST, Price JL (1995) Sensory and premotor connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 363(4):642-664.
91. Carmichael ST, Price JL (1995) Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 363(4):615-641.
92. Carmichael ST, Price JL (1996) Connectional networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 371(2):179-207.
93. Lewis PA, Rezaie R, Brown R, Roberts N, Dunbar RI (2011) Ventromedial prefrontal volume predicts understanding of others and social network size. Neuroimage 57(4):1624-1629.
94. Dunbar RI (1995) Neocortex size and group size in primates: A test of the hypothesis. J Hum Evol 28(3):287-296.
95. Rizzolatti G, Fabbri-Destro M (2008) The mirror system and its role in social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18(2):179-184.
96. Chang SW, Winecoff AA, Platt ML (2011) Vicarious reinforcement in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). Front Neurosci 5:27.
97. Chang SW, Barter JW, Ebitz RB, Watson KK, Platt ML (2012) Inhaled oxytocin amplifies both vicarious reinforcement and self reinforcement in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(3):959-964.
98. Rudebeck PH, Buckley MJ, Walton ME, Rushworth MF (2006) A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation. Science 313(5791):1310-1312.
99. Saxe R (2006) Uniquely human social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16(2):235-239.
100. Waytz A, Zaki J, Mitchell JP (2012) Response of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex predicts altruistic behavior. J Neurosci 32(22):7646-7650.
101. Singer T, et al. (2004) Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303(5661):1157-1162.
102. McEwen BS (2007) Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain. Physiol Rev 87(3):873-904.
103. Keverne EB (2004) Understanding well-being in the evolutionary context of brain development. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359(1449):1349-1358.
104. Adkins-Regan E (2005) Hormones and Animal Social Behavior (Princeton Univ Press, Princeton).
105. Belin V, Moos F (1986) Paired recordings from supraoptic and paraventricular oxytocin cells in suckled rats: Recruitment and synchronization. J Physiol 377:369-390.
106. Donaldson ZR, Young LJ (2008) Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality. Science 322(5903):900-904.
107. Pedersen CA, Ascher JA, Monroe YL, Prange AJ, Jr. (1982) Oxytocin induces maternal behavior in virgin female rats. Science 216(4546):648-650.
108. Cho MM, De Vries AC, Williams JR, Carter CS (1999) The effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on partner preferences in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Behav Neurosci 113(5):1071-1079.
109. Winslow JT, Hastings N, Carter CS, Harbaugh CR, Insel TR (1993) A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. Nature 365(6446):545-548.
110. Kosfeld M, Heinrichs M, Zak PJ, Fischbacher U, Fehr E (2005) Oxytocin increasestrust in humans. Nature 435(7042):673-676.
111. Zak PJ, Stanton AA, Ahmadi S (2007) Oxytocin increases generosity in humans. PLoS ONE 2(11):e1128.
112. Bartz JA, Zaki J, Bolger N, Ochsner KN (2011) Social effects of oxytocin in humans: Context and person matter. Trends Cogn Sci 15(7):301-309.
113. Crockford C, et al. (2013) Urinary oxytocin and social bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees. Proc Biol Sci 280(1755):20122765.
114. Heinrichs M, von Dawans B, Domes G (2009) Oxytocin, vasopressin, and human social behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 30(4):548-557.
115. Abbott DH, et al. (2003) Are subordinates always stressed? A comparative analysis of rank differences in cortisol levels among primates. Horm Behav 43(1):67-82.
116. Tung J, et al. (2012) Social environment is associated with gene regulatory variation in the rhesus macaque immune system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(17):6490-6495.
117. Blumstein DT, Patton ML, Saltzman W (2006) Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and alarm calling in free-living yellow-bellied marmots. Biol Lett 2(1):29-32.
118. Wingfield JC, Hegner RE, Dufty AM, Jr., Ball GF (1990) The" challenge hypothesis": Theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies. Am Nat 136(6):829-846.
119. Hirschenhauser K, Oliveira RF (2006) Social modulation of androgens in male vertebrates: Meta-analyses of the challenge hypothesis. Anim Behav 71(2):265-277.
120. Higham JP, Heistermann M, Maestripieri D (2013) The endocrinology of male rhesus macaque social and reproductive status: A test of the challenge and social stress hypotheses. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 67(1):19-30.
121. Fernald RD (2012) Social control of the brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 35:133-151.
122. Burmeister SS, Jarvis ED, Fernald RD (2005) Rapid behavioral and genomic responses to social opportunity. PLoS Biol 3(11):e363.
123. Plomin R (2001) Behavioral Genetics (Worth, New York), 4th Ed.
124. Brent L J N, et al. (2013) Genetic origins of social networks in rhesus macaques. Sci Rep 3:1042.
125. Silk JB, et al. (2009) The benefits of social capital: Close social bonds among female baboons enhance offspring survival. Proc Biol Sci 276(1670):3099-3104.
126. Silk JB, et al. (2010) Strong and consistent social bonds enhance the longevity of female baboons. Curr Biol 20(15):1359-1361.
127. Johnson AM, Vernon PA, Feiler AR (2008) Behavioral genetic studies of personality: An introduction and review of the results of 50+ years of research. Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment, eds Boyle G, Matthews G, Saklofske D (Sage, London), pp 145-173.
128. Weiss A, King JE, Figueredo AJ (2000) The heritability of personality factors in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behav Genet 30(3):213-221.
129. Fairbanks LA, et al. (2004) Genetic contributions to social impulsivity and aggressiveness in vervet monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 55(6):642-647.
130. Williamson DE, et al. (2003) Heritability of fearful-anxious endophenotypes in infant rhesus macaques: A preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 53(4):284-291.
131. Fowler JH, Dawes CT, Christakis NA (2009) Model of genetic variation in human social networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(6):1720-1724.
132. Nowak MA (2006) Five rules for the evolution of cooperation. Science 314(5805):1560-1563.
133. Hayes DJ, Greenshaw AJ (2011) 5-HT receptors and reward-related behaviour: A review. Neuroscience & Biobehav Rev 35(6):1419-1449.
134. Sirviö J, Riekkinen P, Jr., Jäkälä P, Riekkinen PJ (1994) Experimental studies on the role of serotonin in cognition. Prog Neurobiol 43(4-5):363-379
135. Hariri AR, Holmes A (2006) Genetics of emotional regulation: The role of the serotonin transporter in neural function. Trends Cogn Sci 10(4):182-191.
136. Jedema HP, et al. (2010) Cognitive impact of genetic variation of the serotonin transporter in primates is associated with differences in brain morphology rather than serotonin neurotransmission. Mol Psychiatry 15(5):512-522.
137. Chen GL, Novak MA, Hakim S, Xie Z, Miller GM (2006) Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene polymorphisms in rhesus monkeys: Association with hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis function and in vitro gene expression. Mol Psychiatry 11(10):914-928.
138. Caspi A, et al. (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301(5631):386-389.
139. Coon H, et al. (2005) Possible association between autism and variants in the brainexpressed tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH2). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 135 B (1): 42-46.
140. Canli T, Congdon E, Todd Constable R, Lesch KP (2008) Additive effects of serotonin transporter and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene variation on neural correlates of affective processing. Biol Psychol 79(1):118-125.
141. Watson KK, Ghodasra JH, Platt ML (2009) Serotonin transporter genotype modulates social reward and punishment in rhesus macaques. PLoS ONE 4(1):e4156.
142. Wendland JR, et al. (2006) Differential functional variability of serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase a genes in macaque species displaying contrasting levels of aggression-related behavior. Behav Genet 36(2):163-172.
143. Suomi SJ (2006) Risk, resilience, and gene x environment interactions in rhesus monkeys. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1094(1):52-62.
144. Homberg JR, Lesch K-P (2011) Looking on the bright side of serotonin transporter gene variation. Biol Psychiatry 69(6):513-519.
145. Canli T, Lesch KP (2007) Long story short: The serotonin transporter in emotion regulation and social cognition. Nat Neurosci 10(9):1103-1109.
146. Sallet J, et al. (2011) Social network size affects neural circuits in macaques. Science 334(6056):697-700.
147. Curley JP, Jensen CL, Mashoodh R, Champagne FA (2011) Social influences on neurobiology and behavior: Epigenetic effects during development. Psychoneur-oendocrinology 36(3):352-371.
148. Amemori K, Graybiel AM (2012) Localized microstimulation of primate pregenual cingulate cortex induces negative decision-making. Nat Neurosci 15(5):776-785.