The New Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2003 on the Implementation of the Rules on Competition

German Law Journal

Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 721-740

  Müller, Felix ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84879239942     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20718322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S2071832200012815     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Council Regulation (EC) on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Article 81 and 82 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community, No. 1/2003, OJ 2003 (L 1)1.
2. Council Regulation No. 17 of 6 February 1962, OJ 13, 21.2.1962, 204/62.
3. Recital 1 to 4 of Regulation No. 1/2003, as in note 1, supra.
4. Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004 relating to the conduct of proceedings by the Commission pursuant to Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty, OJ 2004 (L 123) 18
5. Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C 101/03), OJ 2004 (C 101/43, Commission Notice on the co-operation between the Commission and the courts of the EU Member States in the application of Articles 81 and 82 EC (2004/C 101/04), OJ 2004 C 101/54
6. Commission Notice on the handling of complaints by the Commission under Articles 81 and 83 of the EC Treaty (2004/C 101/05), OJ 2004 C 101/65
7. Commission Notice on informal guidance relating to novel questions concerning Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty that arise in individual cases (guidance letters) (2004/C 101/06), OJ 2004 C 101/78
8. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the effect on trade concept contained in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (2004/C 101/07), OJ 2004 C 101/81
9. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty (2004/C 101/08), OJ 2004 C 101/97.
10. Regulation No. 17 was last amended by Regulation (EC) No. 1216/1999, OJ 1999 L 148/5.
11. See Art. 4, 5, 6 and 9 of Reg. No. 17, as in note 2, supra.
12. IP/04/441, Brussels, 30 March 2004.
13. See recitals 1 to 4 of Regulation No. 1/2003, as in note 1, supra..
14. e.g. Reg. 2658/2000, OJ 2000 L 304/3, Regulation 2659/00, OJ 2000 L 304/7
15. Regulation 2790/99, OJ 1999 L 336/21, Regulation 240/96, OJ 1996 L 31/2
16. Regulation 4087/88, OJ 1988 L 359/46.
17. D. Stevens, The "Comfort Letter": Old Problems, New Developments, ECLR 1994, 81
18. R. Whish, Competition Law, in BUTTERWORTHS, 4TH ED. 217 (2001) 217.
19. White Paper on Modernization of the Rules Implementing Articles 85 and 86 of the EC Treaty, Commission Programme 99/27, OJ 1999 C 132/1.
20. J. Nazerali and D. Cowan, Modernising the Enforcement of EU Competition Rules - Can the Commission Claim to be Preaching to the Converted?, ECLR 1999, 442
21. R. Wesseling, The Commission White Paper on Modernisation of EC Antitrust Law: Unspoken Consequences and Incomplete Treatment of Alternative Options, ECLR 1999, 420
22. C.-D. Ehlermann, The Modernization of EC Antitrust Policy: A Legal and Cultural Revolution, 37 CMLRev. 537 (2000)
23. A. Schaub, Modernisation of EC Competition Law: Reform of Regulation No. 17, in B. HAWK (ED.), FORDHAM UNIVERSITY 2000 at chapter 10.
24. I. Forrester, Modernisation of EC Competition Law, id at .., chapter 12
25. M. Siragusa, A Critical Review of the White Paper on the Reform of the EC Competition Law Enforcement Rules, id. at chapter 15
26. R. Wish and B. Suffin, Community Competition Law: Notification and Exemption - Goodbye to All That, in D. HAYTON (ED.), LAW'S FUTURE(S): BRITISH LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY, chapter 8 (Hart, 2000)
27. D. Gerber, Modernising European Competition Law: A Developmental Perspective, ECLR 2001, 122
28. S. Kingston, A New Division of Responsibilities in the Proposed Regulation to Modernise the Rules Implementing Articles 81 and 82 EC? A Warning Call, ECLR 2001, 340
29. M. Monti, European Competition Law for the 21st Century, in B. HAWK (ED.), FORDHAM UNIVERSITY, 2001, chapter 15
30. W. Wils, The Modernisation of the Enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 EC: A Legal and Economic Analysis of the Commission's Proposal for a New Council Regulation Replacing Regulation No. 17, id. at chapter 18.
31. White Paper, supra at note 11, 11.
32. White Paper, supra at note 11, 19.
33. White Paper, supra at note 11, 29.
34. White Paper, supra at note 11, 22.
35. Proposal for a Council Regulation on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty and amending Regulations (EEC) No. 1017/68, (EEC) No. 2988/74, (EEC) No. 4056/86 and (EEC) No. 3975/87, COM 582 final (2000).
36. J. S. Venit, Brave New World: The Modernization and Decentralization of Enforcement Under Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty, 40 CMLRev 545 (2003).
37. C.-DEhlermann, The Modernization of EC Antitrust Policy: A Legal and Cultural Revolution, (2000) 37 CMLRev. 537
38. P. Craig/G. de Búrca, EU Law, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 3RD ED., 1063 (2002).
39. G. Monti, Article 81 EC and Public Policy, 39 CMLRev. 1058 (2002).
40. See Art. 10 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
41. See also recital 17 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
42. See recital 14 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
43. Commission Notice on informal guidance relating to novel questions concerning Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty that arise in individual cases (guidance letters) (2004/C 101/06), OJ 2004 C 101/78, point 3.
44. The Commission adopted seven documents which complement Regulation No. 1/2003. The entire exercise is commonly referred to as the "Modernisation Package". The latter comprises the documents listed supra at note 4.
45. See Art. 15(5) of Reg No. 17. The Commission has made only exceptional use of Article 15(6) of Regulation No. 17, which empowers the Commission to withdraw notifying undertakings' immunity from fines.
46. W. P.J. Wils, The Principle of Ne Bis in Idem in EC Antitrust Enforcement: A Legal and Economic Analysis, 26 WORLD COMPETITION 2, 131 (2003).
47. A complete list embracing all block exemption regulations, notices and guidelines is available on the website of the Directorate General for Competition of the European Commission: http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/antitrust/legislation/.
48. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty (2004/C 101/08), OJ 2004 C 101/97.
49. See recital 14 of Reg. No. 1/2003, as in note 1 above.
50. Commission Notice on informal guidance relating to novel questions concerning Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty that arise in individual cases (guidance letters) (2004/C 101/06), OJ 2004 C 101/78.
51. P. Craig/G. de Búrca, EU Law, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 3rd ed., 237, 75 (2002).
52. Article 3(2) of Regulation 1/2003, supra at note 1..
53. Also see recital 9 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
54. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the effect on trade concept contained in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (2004/C 101/07), OJ 2004 C 101/81, Commission Notice - Guidelines on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty (2004/C 101/08), OJ 2004 C 101/97.
55. The guidelines are without prejudice to the interpretation of Article 81 and 82 which may be given by the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, as point 5 of the Notice clearly provides, Commission Notice - Guidelines on the effect on trade concept contained in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (2004/C 101/07), OJ 2004 C 101/81.
56. Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C 101/03), OJ 2004 C 101/43.
57. Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C 101/03), point 1, OJ 2004 C 101/43.
58. See Article 11(3) of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.This information may also be made available to the competition authorities of the other Member States.
59. Recital 16 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1, states that notwithstanding any national provision to the contrary, the exchange of information and the use of such information in evidence should be allowed between the members of the network even where the information is confidential.
60. Also see recitals 19 and 20 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
61. According to point 58 of the Commission notice, the Advisory Committee is the forum where experts from the various competition authorities discuss individual cases and general issues of Community competition law. Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C 101/03), OJ 2004 C 101/43.
62. However, the Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C 101/03), OJ 2004 C 101/43 provides orientations for the work sharing between the Commission and the Member States' competition authorities.
63. Commission Notice on the handling of complaints by the Commission under Art. 81 and 83 of the EC Treaty (2004/C 101/05), OJ 2004 C 101/65, (para. 20).
64. Commission Notice on the handling of complaints by the Commission under Art. 81 and 83 of the EC Treaty (2004/C 101/05), OJ 2004 C 101/65, (para. 11).
65. Commission Notice on the co-operation between the Commission and the courts of the EU Member States in the application of Art. 81 and 82 EC (2004/C 101/04), OJ 2004 C 101/54.
66. Art. 15(3) of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
67. Recital 25 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
68. The Commission's powers of investigation under Reg. No. 17 are covered by Art. 11, 12 and 14 of Reg. No. 17.
69. See recital 26 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
70. W. P.J. Wils, supra at note 29.26 WORLD COMPETITION 2, 131 (2003)
71. Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004 relating to the conduct of proceedings by the Commission pursuant to Art. 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty, OJ 2004 L 123/18.
72. Chapter II of Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004, supra at note 56.
73. Chapter III of Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004, supra at note 56.
74. Chapter IV of Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004, supra at note 56.Also see Commission Notice on the handling of complaints by the Commission under Art. 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty (2004/C 101/05), OJ 2004 C 101/65.
75. Chapter V of Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004, as footnote 56 above.
76. Council Reg. on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements and concerted practices, No. 19/65/EEC, OJ 36, 6.3.1965, 533.
77. Council Reg. on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements, decisions and concerted practices, (EEC) No. 2821/71, OJ 1971 L 285/46.
78. Council Reg. on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements and concerted practices in the air transport sector, (EEC) No. 3976/87, OJ 1987 L 374/9.
79. Council Reg. on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements, decisions and concerted practices in the insurance sector, (EEC) No. 1534/91, OJ 1991 L 143/1.
80. Council Reg. on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements, decisions and concerted practices between liner shipping companies, (EEC) No. 479/92, OJ 1992 L 55/3.
81. A complete list embracing all block exemption regulations, notices and guidelines is available on the website of the Directorate General for Competition of the European Commission: http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/antitrust/legislation/.
82. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty (2004/C 101/08), OJ 2004 C 101/97, point 2.
83. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty (2004/C 101/08), OJ 2004 C 101/97, point 37.
84. See recital 10 of Reg. No. 1/2003, supra at note 1.
85. Art. 230(4) of the EC-Treaty provides that any natural or legal person may, under the conditions set out in paragraph 2, institute proceedings against a decision addressed to that person or against a decision which, although in the form of a regulation or decision addressed to another person, is of direct and individual concern to the former.
86. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, OJ 2000 C 364/01.
87. Commission Reg. (EC) No. 773/2004 relating to the conduct of proceedings by the Commission pursuant to Art. 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty, OJ 2004 L 123/18, Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C 101/03), OJ 2004 C 101/43
88. Commission Notice on the cooperation between the Commission and the courts of the EU Member States in the application of Art. 81 and 82 EC (2004/C 101/04), OJ 2004 C 101/54
89. Commission Notice on the handling of complaints by the Commission under Art. 81 and 83 of the EC Treaty (2004/C 101/05), OJ 2004 C 101/65
90. Commission Notice on informal guidance relating to novel questions concerning Art. 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty that arise in individual cases (guidance letters) (2004/C 101/06), OJ 2004 C 101/78
91. Commission Notice - Guidelines on the effect on trade concept contained in Art. 81 and 82 of the Treaty (2004/C 101/07), OJ 2004 C 101/81, Commission Notice - Guidelines on the application of Art. 81(3) of the Treaty (2004/C 101/08), OJ 2004 C 101/97.
92. Regarding block exemption regulations and guidelines see the list available on the website of the Directorate General for Competition of the European Commission: http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/antitrust/legislation.