Uncontacted Waorani in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve: Geographical Validation of the Zona Intangible Tagaeri Taromenane (ZITT)

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2013, Pages

  Pappalardo, Salvatore Eugenio ^a   De Marchi, Massimo ^a,b   Ferrarese, Francesco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO   (Ecuador)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ETHNIC GROUP; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; HUMAN; POLICY; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PROCESS MODEL; REMOTE SENSING; TERRITORIALITY; TOPOGRAPHY; VALIDATION PROCESS; WAORANI; ZONA INTANGIBLE TAGAERI TAROMENANE; AMERICAN INDIAN; ECUADOR; PROCEDURES;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECUADOR; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; HUMANS; INDIANS, SOUTH AMERICAN; REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 84879207072     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066293     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Official Records SN23 (2009) Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Report on the eight session. Available: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/E_C_19_2009_14_en.pdf.
2. Cabodevilla MA (2008) Zona intangible: peligro de muerte! Quito, Ecuador: CICAME. p. 206.
3. Colleoni P, Proaño J (2010) Camminantes en la selva. Los Pueblos en Aislamiento de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana. Informe 7 IWGIA. Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Asuntos Indígenas (IWGIA) - 2010. p. 48. Available: http://www.iwgia.org/publicaciones/buscar-publicaciones?publication_id=275.
4. Beckerman S, Erickson PI, Yost J, Regalado J, Jaramillo L, et al. (2009) Life histories, blood revenge, and reproductive success among the Waorani of Ecuador. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 8134-8139 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0901431106.
5. Napolitano DA, Ryan ASS, (2007) The dilemma of contact: Voluntary isolation and the impacts of gas exploitation on health and rights in the Kugapakori Nahua Reserve, Peruvian Amazon. Environmental Research Letters 2: 045005 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045005.
6. Olson DM, Dinerstein E, (2002) The Global 200: Priority Ecoregions for Global Conservation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89: 199-224.
7. Maffi L, Woodley E (2010) Biocultural Diversity Conservation: A Global Sourcebook. London, UK: Earthscan Ltd. p. 313.
8. Steege HT, Pitman N, Sabatier D, Castellanos H, Hout PVD, et al. (2003) A spatial model of tree α-diversity and-density for the Amazon. Biodiversity and Conservation: 2255 - 2277.
9. Erwin TL, Pimienta MC, Murillo OE, Aschero V (2005) Mapping Patterns of Diversity for Beetles Across the Western Amazon Basin: A Preliminary Case for Improving Inventory Methods and Conservation Strategies Mapping Patterns of Diversity for Beetles Across the Western Amazon Basin: A Preliminary Case. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56.
10. Pimm BYSL, Jenkins C, (2005) Sustaining the Variety of Life. Scientific American 293: 66-73 Available: http://www.eebweb.arizona.edu/courses/Ecol206/PimmEA_Sept2005_SciAm_Biodiversity.pdf.
11. Gamboa Balbin CL (2007) Régimen especial transectorial de protección a favor de pueblos indígenas en aislamiento y en contacto inicial. Lima, Peru: Bellido Ediciones EIRL. p. 254.
12. Cabodevilla MA (1996) Coca: la región y sus historias. Quito, Ecuador: CICAME. p. 203.
13. Cabodevilla MA (1994) Los Huaorani en la historia de los pueblos del Oriente. Quito, Ecuador: Cicame. p. 488.
14. Presidencia de la Republica de Ecuador (1999) Decreto Ejecutivo No. 552. Quito, Ecuador.
15. Presidencia de la Republica (2007) Decreto Ejecutivo No. 2187. Quito, Ecuador. Available: http://saveamericasforests.org/Yasuni/News/ZonaIntangible/DECRETO ZONA INTANGIBLE.pdf.
16. Quintero ME (2011) Manejo sostenible del patrimonio natural y cultural de la Reserva de la Biosfera Yasuní. Quito. p. 73. Available: http://www.fao.org/climatechange/34137-047a043520d4271e782221326960e8858.pdf.
17. Ecociencia (2007) Bloques Petroleros (ITT y 31), Reserva de Biosfera Yasuní. Quito. Available: http://ecuaflorida.wordpress.com/2010/11/05/la-iniciative-yasuni-itt-nos-necesita/. Accessed 2012 Sep 9.
18. Duerto G, David S-D, Tatiana C, Susan P (2011) Propuesta de control y vigilancia para la Reserva de Biosfera Yasuní. Quito: Corporación Grupo Randi Randi. p. 94.
19. Aguirre M (2010) ITT, Pueblos Ocultos, Zona Intangible del Yasuní. Available: http://alejandrolabaka.blogspot.it/2010/02/blog-post_09.html. Accessed 2012 Jun 12.
20. Pappalardo SE (2011) Biodiversity conservation strategies and water conflicts in and around the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve of the Ecuadorean Amazon Region, in Czellecz Buttercup, Stephen Lazar, Zoltan Paul (eds.), Geography of Water. Cluj Napoca, Romania: Collegium Geographicum, Abel Publishing House.
21. Alex Rivas Toledo Rommel LP (2001) Conservacion y petroleo en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana. Un acercamiento al caso huaorani. Quito, Ecuador: Ecociencia, Abya Yala. p. 139.
22. Rival L, (2008) Resistance in an Amazonian Community. Huaorani Organizing against the Global Economy. Journal of Latin American Anthropology 10: 257-259 doi: 10.1525/jlca.2005.10.1.257.
23. Holt FL, (2005) The Catch-22 of Conservation: Indigenous Peoples, Biologists, and Cultural Change. Human Ecology 33: 199-215.
24. Belaunde LE, (2008) Trekking through history: the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador - By Laura M Rival. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14: 460-461 doi: _10.1111/j.1467-9655.2008.00511_27.x.
25. Chávez D (2010) La situación de los pueblos indígenas aislados en el Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador. p. 37. Available: observatorio.cdes.org.ec/documentos/doc_download/982-la-situacion-de-los-pueblos-indigenas-aislados-en-el-ecuador.
26. Cabodevilla MA (2003) Reflexiones sobre un ataque Huao. Ikonos 17. Quito, Ecuador: FLACSO. Available: http://www.flacsoandes.org/dspace/handle/10469/2181.
27. Aguirre M (2011) Armadillo: la otra cara del ITT. Letras Verdes 8. Quito, Ecuador. Available: http://flacsoandes.org/dspace/bitstream/10469/3166/1/RFLACSO-L8-07-Aguirre.pdf.
28. Aguirre M, Cabodevilla MA, Andueza JC (2009) Otra Historia de Violencia y Desorden, Lanzas y Muerte en Los Reyes. Quito, Ecuador: CICAME, Fundación A. Alabaka.
29. Plaza J (2013) Dos huaorani murieron atravesados por lanzas en su territorio. El Comercio website. Available: http://www.elcomercio.com/pais/Amazonia-Ecuador-huaorani-ataque-tagaeri_0_877112605.html. Accessed 2012 Mar 12.
30. UNESCO (1989) MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory. Available: http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=ECU02&mode=all. Accessed 2012 Sep 8.
31. Villaverde X, Ormaza F, Marcial M, Jogenson J (2005) Parque Nacional y Reserva de Biosfera Yasuní: historia, problemas y perspectivas. Quito, Ecuador: FEPP, WCS. p. 283.
32. Fontaine G, Narvaez I (2008) Yasuní en el siglo XXI. El Estado Ecuatoriano y la Conservacion de la Amazonia. Ikonos 30: 121-123. Quito, Ecuador: FLACSO. Available: http://www.flacsoandes.org/dspace/handle/10469/4057.
33. Fontaine G (2003) Petróleo y desarrollo sostenible en Ecuador. Las reglas de juego. Quito, Ecuador: FLACSO, Petroecuador. p. 208.
34. Vallejo Espinosa A (2003) Modernizando la naturaleza: desarrollo sostenible y conservación de la naturaleza en la Amazonía ecuatoriana Quito, Ecuador: SIMBIOE. p. 100.
35. Petroecuador (2010) El Petroleo en Ecuador. 1: 1-133. Available: http://www.eppetroecuador.ec/idc/groups/public/documents/archivo/001138.pdf. Accessed 2012 Sep 14.
36. El Universo website (2002) Petroecuador prepara nueva licitación petrolera. Available: http://www.eluniverso.com/2002/05/27/0001/9/3F69A7216A3D426AA0EC7E6EE4E92D2E.html. Accessed 2012 Sep 14.
37. Hoy website (2002) La Novena Ronda petrolera despierta poco interés. Available: http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/la-novena-ronda-petrolera-despierta-poco-interes-133565.html. Accessed 2012 Sep 15.
38. Pappalardo SE, (2010) Espansione della frontiera estrattiva e conflitti ambientali nell'area della Riserva della Biosfera Yasuní: la Via Auca. Padova, Italy: Cluep, Quaderni di Dottorato 5: 1-14.
39. Wunder S (2003) Oil Wealth and the Fate of the Forest: A Comparative Study of Eight Tropical Countries. Routledge Explorations in Environmental Economics. Routledge. p. 456.
40. Initiative E (2003) The Energy & Biodiversity Initiative. Integrating Biodiversity Conservation into Oil and Gas Development Washington DC: Conservation International. p. 65.
41. Finer M, Jenkins CN, Pimm SL, Keane B, Ross C (2008) Oil and gas projects in the Western Amazon: threats to wilderness, biodiversity, and indigenous peoples. PloS One 3: e2932. Available: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002932. Accessed 2012 Jul 18.
42. Thomsen J, Mitchell C, Piland R, Donnaway J (2001) Monitoring Impacts of Hydrocarbon Exploration in Sensitive Terrestrial Ecosystems. Footprints in the Jungle 1: 90 - 113.
43. Alberto A (2009) La maldición de la abundancia. Quito, Ecuador: Abya-Yala. p. 240.
44. Galo Z-R, Esteban SR, Víctor UB, Javier VOA, (2006) Evaluation of Anthropogenic Threats in Yasuní National Park and its Implications for Wild Mammal Conservation. Lyonia 10: 31-41.
45. Messina JP, Walsh SJ (2001) 2001 Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Research Community in Rio de Janeiro. Simulating Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Ecuadorian Amazon through Cellular Automata Approaches and an Integrated GIS. Rio de Janeiro. 1-13.
46. Narvaez I (2009) Petróleo y poder: el colapso de un lugar singular. Yasuní. Quito, Ecuador: Flacso. p. 584.
47. Greenberg JA, Kefauver SC, Stimson HC, Yeaton CJ, Ustin SL, (2005) Survival analysis of a neotropical rainforest using multitemporal satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 96: 202-211 doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.010.
48. Southgate D, Sierra R, Brown L, (1991) The causes of tropical deforestation in Ecuador: A statistical analysis. World Development 19: 1145-1151 doi: 10.1016/0305-750X(91)90063-N.
49. Rodrigo Sierra JS (1998) The Dynamics and Social Organization of Tropical Deforestation in Northwest Ecuador' 1983-19951. Human Ecology 26.
50. Bilsborrow RE, Barbieri AF, Pan W, (2004) Changes in population and land use over time in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Acta Amazonica 34: 635-647 doi: 10.1590/S0044-59672004000400015.
51. Pappalardo SE (2012) Amazzonia ecuadoriana: la Riserva della Biosfera Yasuní tra progetti per la conservazione della natura e conflitti ambientali. In: Donatella S, Spagna F (eds.) Etnografie collaborative e questioni ambientali Ricerche nell'America indigena contemporanea. Padova, Italy: Cleup. 113-138.
52. Rudel TK, Horowitz B (1996) La deforestación tropical pequeños agricultores y desmonte agrícola en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Quito, Ecuador: Abya-Yala. p. 233.
53. Laurance WF, Albernaz AKMLM, Schroth GG, Fearnside PM, Bergen S, EM Venticinque, Da Costa C (2002) Predictors of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography 29: 737-748. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10088/7036. Accessed 2012 Sep 13.
54. Metzger JP (2001) Effects of deforestation pattern and private nature reserves on the forest conservation in settlement areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Revista Biota Neotropica 1.
55. Imbernon J, Branthomme A, (2001) Characterization of landscape patterns of deforestation in tropical rain forests. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22: 1753-1765 doi: 10.1080/01431160118426.
56. De Marchi M (2004) I conflitti ambientali come ambienti di apprendimento. Trasformazioni territoriali e cittadinanza in movimento in Amazzonia. Padova, Italy: Cleup. p. 216.
57. Pappalardo SE (2013) Expansion de la frontera extractiva y conflictos ambientales en la Region Amazonia Ecuatoriana: el caso Yasuni. PhD Thesis. Padova, Italy: unpublished.
58. Myers N, (1988) Threatened Biotas: "Hot Spots" in Tropical Forest. Environmentalist 8: 187-208.
59. Rieckmann M, Adomßent M, Härdtle W, Aguirre P (2011) Sustainable Development and Conservation of Biodiversity Hotspots in Latin America: The Case of Ecuador. in Zachos FE, Habel J. (eds.), Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas: 435-452. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
60. Myers N, (1993) Tropical Forests - The Main Deforestation Fronts. Environmental Conservation 20: 9-16.
61. Cabodevilla MA (2004) El exterminio de los pueblos ocultos. Quito, Ecuador: CICAME. p. 211.
62. Inter-American Commission on Human MC-91/6 (2006) Precautionary Measures, The Tagaeri and Taromenane Indigenous Peoples, Ecuador. Available: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/mandate/what.asp. Accessed 2012 Sep 12.
63. Ministerio del Ambiente, Ministerio de Energia y Minas de Ecuador, (2004) Acuerdo Interministerial No 092, Registro Oficial. 440: 2-3 Available: http://www.derechoecuador.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1476:registro-oficial-12-de-octubre-del-2004&catid=195:octubre&Itemid=332#anchor560178.
64. Aguirre M (2007) ¡A quién le importan esas vidas!: Un reportaje sobre la tala ilegal en el Parque Nacional Yasuní. Quito, Ecuador: Cicame. p. 232.
65. Bass MS, Finer M, Jenkins CN, Kreft H, Cisneros-Heredia DF, et al. (2010) Global conservation significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. PloS one 5: e8767. Available: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0008767. Accessed 2012 Jul 13.
66. Xinhua (2013) Ecuador abre licitación de XI Ronda Petrolera para campos del sur de la Amazonía. America Economia. Available:http://www.americaeconomia.com/negocios-industrias/ecuador-abre-licitacion-de-xi-ronda-petrolera-para-campos-del-sur-de-la-amazonia. Accessed 2012 Sep 2.
67. Oilwatch (2012) ECUADOR - La firma de contratos petroleros dio fin a la décima ronda. Available: http://www.oilwatchsudamerica.org/petroleo-en-sudamerica/ecuador/3995-ecuador-la-firma-de-contratos-petroleros-dio-fin-a-la-decima-ronda.html. Accessed 2012 Sep 9.
68. Petroecuador website (2012) Mapa Bloques Región Oriente. Available: http://www.eppetroecuador.ec/idc/groups/public/documents/archivo/001374.pdf. Accessed 2012 Aug 12.
69. Hoy.com.ec website (2011) Ecuador no ha explorado crudo durante 12 años. Available: http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/ecuador-no-ha-explorado-crudo-durante-12-anos-559713.html. Accessed 2012 Sep 18.
70. El Universo website (2012) Se quiere evitar la explotación petrolera. Available: http://www.eluniverso.com/2012/04/22/1/1447/se-quiere-evitar-explotacion-petrolera.html. Accessed 2012 Sep 18.
71. Jeffrey P. Jorgenson MCR (2001) Conservación y desarrollo sostenible del Parque Nacional Yasuní y su área de influencia. In: Ministerio del Ambiente, WCS (eds.). Quito, Ecuador: Editorial Simbioe.
72. Finer M, Moncel R, (2010) Program E, Jenkins CN (2010) Leaving the Oil Under the Amazon: Ecuador's Yasuní-ITT Initiative. Biotropica 42: 63-66.
73. Rival L, (2010) Ecuador's Yasuní-ITT Initiative: The old and new values of petroleum. Ecological Economics 70: 358-365 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.007.
74. Larrea C, Warnars L, (2009) Ecuador's Yasuni-ITT Initiative: Avoiding emissions by keeping petroleum underground. Energy for Sustainable Development 13: 219-223 doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2009.08.003.
75. Larrea C, Greene N, Rival L, Sevilla E, Warnars L (2009) Yasuni-ITT Initiative: A Big Idea from a Small Country. Quito, Ecuador: Ministerio del Ambiente de Ecuador, UNDP Ecuador, MdGs.
76. Vallejo MC, (2010) Biophysical structure of the Ecuadorian economy, foreign trade, and policy implications. Ecological Economics 70: 159-169 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.03.006.
77. Instituto Geografico Militar (2010) IGM Digital Elevation Model, raster file.
78. NASA website (2012) Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), EOS Program. Available: http://gdem.aster.ersdac.or.jp. Accessed 2012 Aug 20.
79. NASA website (2012) Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM). Available: http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org. Accessed 2012 Aug 12.
80. Ministerio del Ambiente de Ecuador (2010) Zona Intangible Tagaeri Taromenane (ZITT), geospatial data shapefile.
81. Faggi P, Turco A (2001) Conflitti Ambientali: Genesi, Sviluppo, Gestione. Milano, Italy: Unicopli. p. 372.
82. Turco A (1988) Verso una teoria geografica della complessità. Milano, Italy: Unicopli. p. 184.
83. Bertoncin M (2004) Logiche di terre e acque. Le geografie incerte del delta del Po. Roma, Italy: Cierre Edizioni. p. 496.
84. Cabodevilla MA, Smith R, Rivas Toledo A (2004) Tiempos de guerra: Waorani contra Taromenane. Quito, Ecuador: Abya-Yala. p. 164.
85. Pappalardo SE (2009) Conservazione della biodiversità, aree protette e conflitti ambientali nell'Amazzonia ecuadoriana: la Riserva di Biosfera Yasuní. Master thesis, Padova, Italy: Available: http://www.slideshare.net/biorebel/pappalardo-tesis-yasuni. Accessed 2013 Mar 12.
86. Finer M, Vijay V, Ponce F, Jenkins CN, Kahn TR (2009) Ecuador's Yasuní Biosphere Reserve: a brief modern history and conservation challenges. Environmental Research Letters 4: 034005. Available: http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/4/i=3/a=034005?key=crossref.87a7df3368c4de2aa7971dbff8589f86. Accessed 2012 Aug 19.
87. Secretaria de Hidrocarburos Ecuador Ministerio de Recursos No Renovables website (2012) Mapa de Bloques Petroleros del Ecuador. Available: http://www.she.gob.ec/portal/es/web/hidrocarburos/mapa-de-bloques-petroleros-del-ecuador. Accessed 2012 Sep 8.
88. Ministerio del Ambiente (2010) Plan de Medidas Cautelares. Distribución espacial de los clanes Tagaeri Taromenane. Geospatial data, shapefile.
89. Secretaria de Hidrocarburos de Ecuador Ministerio de Recursos No Renovables website (2011) Firma de Tres Contratos Petroleros de la X Ronda Petrolera. Available: http://www.she.gob.ec/portal/es/web/hidrocarburos/firma-de-tres-contratos-petroleros-de-la-x-ronda-petrolera. Accessed 2012 Sep 16.
90. El Telégrafo website (2012) Tres campos marginales entregarán una renta petrolera de 500 millones de dólares al país. Available: http://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=37901&Itemid=2. Accessed 2012 Sep 16.
91. El Universo website (2009) Matanza en Oriente sería por petroleras. Available: http://www.eluniverso.com/2009/08/16/1/1447/matanza-oriente-seria-petroleras.html. Accessed 2012 Sep 9.
92. Aguirre M (2013) De luto. El Comercio website. Available: http://www.elcomercio.com/milagros_aguirre/luto_0_882511782.html.
93. ONWO (2013) Comunicado Oficial Organización de la Nacionalidad Waorani de Orellana. Observatorio de Derechos Colectivos de Ecuador. Available: http://observatorio.cdes.org.ec/113-noticias/ultimo-minuto/387-comunicado-oficial-de-onwo-por-incidente-con-aislados. Accessed 2013 Mar 13.
94. Proaño J, Colleoni P (2008) Taromenane Warani Nani. Quito, Ecuador: Abya-Yala. p. 120.
95. Raffestin C (1980) Pour une géographie du pouvoir. Paris, France: Librairies techniques. p. 249.
96. De Marchi M, Natalicchio M, Ruffato M (2010) I territori dei cittadini: il lavoro delĺOLCA (Observatorio Latinoamericano de Conflictos Ambientales). Padova, Italy: Cleup. p. 204. Available: http://iterritorideicittadini.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/demarchi-iterritorideicittadini.pdf.
97. De Marchi M (2011) Conflitti socio-ambientali e cittadinanza in movimento. in Dansero E, Bagliani M (eds.), Politiche per l'ambiente dalla natura al territorio. Torino, Italy: UTET. 317-348.
98. Boulding KE (1956) The image: knowledge in life and society. University of Michigan Press. p. 184.
99. Dorling D, Fairbairn D (1997) Mapping: ways of representing the world. London: Addison Wesley Longman. p. 184.
100. Derek G (2005) Geographies, publics, and politics. Progress in Human Geography: 367-378.
101. Wood D (2002) The map as a kind of talk: Brian Harley and the confabulation of the inner and outer voice. Visual Communication 1: 139-161. Available: http://vcj.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/147035720200100201. Accessed 2012 Oct 6.
102. Harley JB (2002) The New Nature of Maps: Essays in the History of Cartography. In: Laxton P, editor. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 331.
103. Brewer CA, (1997) Spectral Schemes: Controversial Color Use on Maps. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 24: 203-220 doi: 10.1559/152304097782439231.
104. Monmonier M (1991) How to lie with maps. Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press. p. 207.
105. Robinson AH (1977) The uniqueness of the map. Cartography 10: 73-74. Available: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00690805.1977.10437983. Accessed 2012 Oct 7.
106. MacEachren A (2004) How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design. New York: The Guilford Press. p. 526.
107. Instituto Geográfico Militar de Ecuador (IGM) (1996) Hoja Rio Bahameno, serie cartográfica J721, edición 1, PIII-F3-4391-III, escala 1:50,000. Quito, Ecuador: IGM impresión.
108. Instituto Geográfico Militar de Ecuador (IGM) (1997) Hoja Rió Yasuní Este, serie cartográfica J721, edición I, PIII-F4-4391-II, escala 1:50,000. Quito, Ecuador: IGM impresión.
109. Instituto Geográfico Militar de Ecuador (IGM) (1993) Hoja Rió Nashiño, serie cartográfica J721, PIV-B2-4390-I, escala 1:50,000. Quito, Ecuador: IGM impresión.
110. Instituto Geográfico Militar de Ecuador (IGM) (1997) Hoja Yamino, serie cartográfica J721, edición 1, PIV-B1-4390-IV, escala 1:50,000. Quito, Ecuador: IGM impresión.
111. Instituto Geográfico Militar de Ecuador (IGM) (1998) Hoja Shushufindi, edición 1, P-III-SA 18-2 Norte, escala 1:250,000. Quito, Ecuador: IGM impresión.
112. Instituto Geográfico Militar de Ecuador (IGM) (1986) Hoja Curaray, PIV-SA 18-6, escala 1:250,000. Quito, Ecuador: IGM impresión.
113. Rodrigues TG, Paradella WR, Oliveira CG, (2011) Evaluation of the altimetry from SRTM-3 and planimetry from high-resolution PALSAR FBD data for semi-detailed topographic mapping in the Amazon Region. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83: 953-966.
114. Birkett CM (2002) Surface water dynamics in the Amazon Basin: Application of satellite radar altimetry. Journal of Geophysical Research 107. doi: 10.1029/2001JD000609.
115. Falorni G, (2005) Analysis and characterization of the vertical accuracy of digital elevation models from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Journal of Geophysical Research 110: 1-20 doi: 10.1029/2003JF000113.
116. Gesch D., J-P. Muller TGF (2006) The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Data validation and applications. Photogramm Eng Rem Sens: 233-234.
117. Instituto Geográfico de Ecuador (IGM) (2010) Modelo Digital del Terreno (DEM), Región Amazonica Ecuatoriana. Geodata raster file.
118. NASA website (2012) Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). Available: http://glovis.usgs.gov. Accessed 2012 Aug 12.
119. NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) (2012) LBA-ECO LC-01 National, Provincial and Park Boundaries, Ecuador doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1057. Available: http://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1057. Accessed 2012 Sep 10.
120. Instituto para el Ecodesarrollo de la Region Amazonica Ecuatoriana (ECORAE) (2008) Road Network in the Amazon Region. Geospatial data shapefile.
121. Walsh SJ, Crews-Meyer, A K (2002) Linking People, Place, and Policy: A Giscience Approach. Springer. p. 360.
122. Wilson JP, (2012) GIScience Research at the Thirty-second Annual Esri International User Conference. Transactions in GIS 16: 267-269 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01345.x.
123. Duckham M, Goodchild MF, Worboys M (2003) Foundations of Geographic Information Science CRC Press. p. 272.
124. Moran EF (2010) Environmental Social Science: Human - Environment interactions and Sustainability. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 232.
125. Brandon R, Bottomley B. (2000) Mapping Rural Land Use and Land Cover Change in Carroll County, Arkansas Utilizing Multi-Temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Imagery. University of Arkansas. p. Available: http://www.cast.uark.edu/home/research/environmental-studies/lulc-change-in-carroll-county.html.
126. Servindi website (2013) Ecuador: Waoranis exigen proteger a sus hermanos, los aislados Tagaeri y Taromenane. Servindi. Available: http://servindi.org/actualidad/84705. Accessed 2013 Apr 2.