Management of mass gatherings

Koenig and schultz's Disaster Medicine: Comprehensive Principles and Practices

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 228-252

  Molloy, Michael S ^a   Sherif, Zane ^b   Natin, Stan ^c   McDonnell, John ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c Airside Clinic Swords   (Ireland)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL GALWAY   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879194843     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511902482.019     Document Type: Chapter

References (107)

1. Levett J. A new opportunity for public health development: Athens 2004. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004;19(2):130-132.
2. The role of the emergency physician in mass casualty/disaster management. ACEP position paper. JACEP. 1976;501:901- 902.
3. Manifesto for Emergency Medicine in Europe. Council of the European Society for Emergency Medicine. Eur J Emerg Med. 1998;5(4):389-390.
4. Hsu EB, Jenckes MW, Catlett CL, Robinson KA, Feuerstein C, Cosgrove SE, et al. Effectiveness of hospital staff mass-casualty incident training methods: a systematic literature review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004;19(3):191-199.
5. Mcdonald R. Career Focus - Event medicine. BMJ Classified.2001 15th December;323(7324).
6. Kerr GW, Wilkie SC, McGuffie CA. Medical cover at Scottish football matches: have the recommendations of the Gibson Report been met? Br JSportsMed. 1999;33(4):274-275.
7. Avery JG, Chitnis JG, Daly PJ, Pollock GT. Medical planning for a major event: the Pope’s visit to Coventry Airport, 30 May 1982. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;285(6334):51-53.
8. Federman JH, Giordano LM. How to cope with a visit from the Pope. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1997;12(2):86-91.
9. El Bashir H, Rashid H, Memish ZA, Shafi S. Meningococcal vaccine coverage in Hajj pilgrims. Lancet. 2007;369(9570):1343.
10. Morrison DJ. Heatstroke on the Hajj. Lancet. 1980;1(8174):935.
11. Ahmed QA, Arabi YM, Memish ZA. Health risks at the Hajj. Lancet. 2006;367(9515):1008-1015.
12. Schulte D, Meade DM. The papal chase. The Pope’s visit: a “mass” gathering. EmergMed Serv. 1993;22(11):46-9, 65-75, 9.
13. Madani TA, Ghabrah TM, Al-Hedaithy MA, et al. Causes of hospitalization of pilgrims in the Hajj season of the Islamic year 1423 (2003). Ann Saudi Med. 2006;26(5):346-351.
14. Al-Ghamdi SM, Akbar HO, Qari YA, Fathaldin OA, Al-Rashed RS. Pattern of admission to hospitals during Muslim pilgrimage (Hajj). Saudi Med J. 2003;24(10):1073-1076.
15. County Board of Commissioners, Union County, North Carolina. Ordinance Pertaining to Mass Gatherings. 1974:224-7 Docket 12.
16. An Ordinance for the Regulation of Mass Gatherings in Alleghany County. Alleghany County, North Carolina, 1975.
17. Arkansas State Board of Health. Mass Gathering regulations. 1973.
18. Arnold JL, Levine BN, Manmatha R, et al. Informationsharing in out-of-hospital disaster response: the future role of information technology. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004;19(3): 201-207.
19. Arbon P, Bridgewater FH, Smith C. Mass gathering medicine: a predictive model for patient presentation and transport rates. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2001;16(3):150-158.
20. Jaslow D, Drake M, Lewis J. Characteristics of state legislation governing medical care at mass gatherings. Prehosp Emerg Care. 1999;3(4):316-320.
21. Best JP, McIntosh AS, Savage TN. Rugby World Cup 2003 injury surveillance project. Br J SportsMed. 2005;39(11):812-817.
22. Cheng D, Yakobi-shvili R, Fernandez J. Major sport championship influence on ED sex census. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23(3):408-409.
23. Roberts DM, Blackwell TH, Marx JA. Emergency medical care for spectators attending National Football League games. Pre- hosp Emerg Care. 1997;1(3):149-155.
24. Moreno Millan E, Bonilla F, Alonso JM, Casado F. Medical care at the VlIth International Amateur Athletics Federation World Championships in Athletics ‘Sevilla’99’. Eur J Emerg Med. 2004;11(1):39-43.
25. Bock HC, Cordell WH, Hawk AC, Bowdish GE. Demographics of emergency medical care at the Indianapolis 500 mile race (1983-1990). Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21(10):1204-1207.
26. Ma OJ, Millward L, Schwab RA. EMS medical coverage at PGA tour events. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2002;6(1):11-14.
27. Morimura N, Katsumi A, Koido Y, et al. Analysis of patient load data from the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan. Prehosp DisaterMed. 2004;19(3):278-284.
28. The price of pop. Lancet. 1971;2(7726):696-697.
29. Carveth SW. Eight-year experience with a stadium-based mobile coronary-care unit. Heart Lung. 1974;3(5):770-774.
30. Fisher JM. The British Association for Immediate Care (BASICS). Its experience in major disasters, with special reference to the role of the medical incident officer. Injury. 1990; 21(1):45-48; discussion 55-57.
31. Slater D. Hillsborough television drama. Br Med J. 1997; 314(7084):901-902.
32. Wardrope J, Hockey MS, Crosby AC. The hospital response to the Hillsborough tragedy. Injury. 1990;21(1):53–4; discussion 5-7.
33. Heller T. Personal and medical memories from Hillsborough. BrMed J. 1989;299(6715):1596-1598.
34. Walker E. Not all those who died after Hillsborough did so by 3:15 pm. BrMed J. 1997;314(7089):1283.
35. DeAngeles D, Schurr M, Birnbaum M, Harms B. Traumatic asphyxia following stadium crowd surge: stadium factors affecting outcome. WMJ. 1998;97(9):42-45.
36. Khoosal DI, Broad JA, Smith RJ, Settle JA. A one-year psychological follow-up of the most severely burned victims of the Bradford fire. Burns Incl Therm Inj. 1987;13(5):411-415.
37. Sivaloganathan S, Green MA. The Bradford fire disaster. Part 2. accident reconstruction: who died, when and why. Med Sci Law. 1989;29(4):284-286.
38. Sivaloganathan S, Green MA. The Bradford fire disaster. Part 1. The initial investigations: who died, where and how? Med Sci Law. 1989;29(4):279-283.
39. Ayton FD, Hill CM, Parfitt HN. The dental role in the identification of the victims of the Bradford City football ground fire. Br Dent J. 1985;159(8):262-264.
40. Sharpe DT, Roberts AH, Barclay TL, et al. Treatment of burns casualties after fire at Bradford City football ground. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291(6500):945-948.
41. Sharpe DT, Foo IT. Management of burns in major disasters. Injury. 1990;21(1):41–4; discussion 55-57.
42. Leonard RB. Medical support for mass gatherings. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1996;14(2):383–397.
43. Brock SH, Schlicht J. Medical aspects of large outdoor festivals. Lancet. 1972;1(7761):1178.
44. Schlicht J, Mitcheson M, Henry M. Medical aspects of large outdoor festivals. Lancet. 1972;1(7757):948–952.
45. Erickson TB, Aks SE, Koenigsberg M, Bunney EB, Schurgin B, Levy P. Drug use patterns at major rock concert events. Ann EmergMed. 1996;28(1):22–26.
46. Ounanian LL, Salinas C, Shear CL, Rodney WM. Medical care at the 1982 US Festival. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15(5):520–527.
47. Nix CM, Khan IJ, Hoban M, Little G, Keye G, O’Connor HJ. Oxegen 2004: the impact of a major music festival on the workload ofalocalhospital. IrMed J. 2006;99(6):167–169.
48. Chapman KR, Carmichael FJ, Goode JE. Medical services for outdoor rock music festivals. CanMedAssocJ. 1982;126(8):935– 938.
49. Tait I. General practitioner and his music festival. BrMed J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;283(6292):647–648.
50. Grange JT, Green SM, Downs W. Concert medicine: spectrum of medical problems encountered at 405 major concerts. Acad EmergMed. 1999;6(3):202–207.
51. O’Keefe JS, Kheir JN, Martin ML, Leslie LF, Neal JG, Edlich RF. Balcony collapse at the University of Virginia graduation: what hath Jefferson wrought? J EmergMed. 199917(2):293–297.
52. Martinez JM. Medical coverage of cycling events. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2006;5(3):125–130.
53. Yan CB, Rubin AL. Equipment and supplies for sports and event medicine. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2005;4(3):131–136.
54. Grange JT. Planning for large events. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002;1(3):156–161.
55. Mortelmans LJ, Van Rossom P, Du Bois M, Jutten G. Carbon monoxide load in indoor carting. Eur J EmergMed. 2003;10(2): 105–107.
56. DeLorenzo RA, Gray BC, Bennett PC, Lamparella VJ. Effect of crowd size on patient volume at a large, multipurpose, indoor stadium. J EmergMed. 1989;7(4):379–384.
57. Larkin M. Medical teams geared up for winter Olympics. Lancet. 2002;359(9304):412.
58. Baker WM, Simone BM, Niemann JT, Daly A. Special event medical care: the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics experience. Ann EmergMed. 1986;15(2):185–190.
59. Thackway SV, Delpech VC, Jorm LR, McAnulty JM, Visotina M. Monitoring acute diseases during the Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Med JAust. 2000;173(6):318–321.
60. Wetterhalí SF, Coulombier DM, Herndon JM, Zaza S, Cantwell JD. Medical care delivery at the 1996 Olympic Games. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Olympics Surveillance Unit. JAMA. 1998;279(18):1463–1468.
61. Morimura N, Takahashi K, Katsumi A, et al. Mass gathering medicine for the First East Asian Football Championship and the 24th European/South American Cup in Japan. Eur J Emerg Med. 2007;14(2):115–117.
62. Madzimbamuto FD. A hospital response to a soccer stadium stampede in Zimbabwe. EmergMed J. 2003;20(6):556–559.
63. Tang N, Kraus CK, Brill JD, Shahan JB, Ness C, Scheulen JJ. Hospital-based event medical support for the Baltimore marathon, 2002–2005. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008;12(3):320– 326.
64. Bowdish GE, Cordell WH, Bock HC, Vukov LF. Using regression analysis to predict emergency patient volume at the Indianapolis 500 mile race. Ann EmergMed. 1992;21(10):1200–1203.
65. Auerbach PS, Gelb AM, Turns JE. Emergency medical services at the 1984 Democratic National Convention. Ann EmergMed. 1985;14(7):709–711.
66. Avsarogullari L, Ikizceli I, Sozuer E, Yurumez Y, Kilic S. Hand injuries during a Muslim Sacrifice Festival. Am J Emerg Med. 2004;22(6):508–509.
67. The Football Association of Ireland – Club Licensing Manual. Dublin, Ireland: FAI 2004:118.
68. Murphy D, Jabbar N, Eldin M, Gillen P. Audit of the impact of a major pop concert on the workload of two regional hospitals. IrMedJ. 2001;94(1):15.
69. Zeitz KM, Schneider DP, Jarrett D, Zeitz CJ. Mass gathering events: retrospective analysis of patient presentations over seven years. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002;17(3):147–150.
70. Chambers J, Guly H. The impact of a music festival on local health services. Health Trends. 1991;23(3):122–123.
71. Grange JT, Baumann GW, Vaezazizi R. On-site physicians reduce ambulance transports at mass gatherings. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2003;7(3):322–326.
72. Sanders AB, Criss E, Steckl P, Meislin HW, Raife J, Allen D. An analysis of medical care at mass gatherings. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15(5):515–519.
73. Zeitz KM, Zeitz CJ, Arbon P. Forecasting medical work at mass- gathering events: predictive model versus retrospective review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2005;20(3):164–168.
74. Bacon J. The Event Safety Guide. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Suffolk, UK: HSE Books; 1999.
75. Calabro J, Krohmer J, Rivera-Rivera E, Balcombe D, Reich J. Provision of Emergency Medical Care for Crowds. American College of Emergency Physicians; 1996.
76. Jaslow D, Yancy A 2nd, Milsten A. Mass gathering medical care. National Association of EMS Physicians Standards and Clinical Practice Committee. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2000;4(4):359–360.
77. Jaslow D, Yancy A, Milsten A, Mass Gathering Medical Care: The Medical Director’s Checklist. National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP); 2000.
78. Barbeschi M, Healing T. Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings – Key considerations. World Health Organization; June, 2008.
79. Ryan JM, Noone E, Plunkett PK. Review ofa mobile accident and emergency unit at a rock concert. Ir Med J. 1994;87(5):148-149.
80. Milsten AM, Seaman KG, Liu P, Bissell RA, Maguire BJ. Variables influencing medical usage rates, injury patterns, and levels of care for mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2003;18(4):334- 346.
81. Milsten AM, Maguire BJ, Bissell RA, Seaman KG. Mass- gathering medical care: a review of the literature. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2002;17(3):151-162.
82. Black JJ. Emergency use of the Airtraqlaryngoscope in traumatic asphyxia: case report. EmergMed J. 2007;24(7):509-510.
83. Maharaj CH, Ni Chonghaile M, Higgins BD, Harte BH, Laf- fey JG. Tracheal intubation by inexperienced medical residents using the Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes - a manikin study. Am J EmergMed. 2006;24(7):769-774.
84. Timmermann A, Russo SG, Rosenblatt WH, et al. Intubating laryngeal mask airway for difficult out-of-hospital airway management: a prospective evaluation. Br JAnaesth. 2007;99(2):286- 291.
85. Code of Practice for Safety at Outdoor Pop Concerts and other Musical Events. Department of Education, The Stationery Office, Government of Ireland Publications, 1996.
86. Code of Practice for Safety at Sports Grounds. Department of Education, The Stationery Office, Government of Ireland Publications, 1996.
87. Code of Practice for Safety at Indoor Concerts. Department of Environment and Local Government, The Stationery Office, Government of Ireland Publications, 1998.
88. Mcdonnell JG. Need for adequate sunscreen and after sun products at summer events. Personal communication ed. Dublin: email 2002.
89. Stubbe M, Swinnen R, Crusiaux A, Mascart F, Lheureux PE. Seroprotection against tetanus in patients attending an emergency department in Belgium and evaluation of a bedside immunotest. Eur J EmergMed. 2007;14(1):14-24.
90. Stubbe M, Mortelmans LJ, Desruelles D, et al. Improving tetanus prophylaxis in the emergency department: a prospective, double-blind cost-effectiveness study. Emerg Med J. 2007;24(9):648-653.
91. Crocco TJ, Sayre MR, Liu T, Davis SM, Cannon C, Potluri J. Mathematical determination ofexternal defibrillators needed at mass gatherings. Prehosp EmergCare. 2004;8(3):292-297.
92. Motyka TM, Winslow JE, Newton K, Brice JH. Method for determining automatic external defibrillator need at mass gatherings. Resuscitation. 2005;65(3):309-314.
93. Britten S, Whiteley MS, Fox PF, Goodwin MI, Horrocks M. Medical treatment at Glastonbury Festival. Br Med J.1993;307(6910):1009-1010.
94. Delaney JS, Drummond R. Mass casualties and triage at a sporting event. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(2):85-88; discussion 8.
95. Friedman LJ, Rodi SW, Krueger MA, Votey SR. Medical care at the California AIDS Ride 3: experiences in event medicine. Ann EmergMed. 1998;31(2):219-223.
96. Smith FW. Where is the crowd doctor? Br J Sports Med. 1998;32(3):198.
97. Trites P, Stephenson D. Preparing a field hospital for a “mass” gathering. Can Nurse. 1984;80(11):48-50.
98. Banner G. The Rhode Island Medical Emergency Distribution System (MEDS). Disaster Manage Response. 2004;2(2):53-57.
99. De Lorenzo RA, Boyle MF, Garrison R. A proposed model for a residency experience in mass gathering medicine: the United States Air Show. Ann EmergMed. 1993;22(11):1711-1714.
100. Galante JM, Jacoby RC, Anderson JT. Are surgical residents prepared for mass casualty incidents? JSurgRes. 2006;132(1):85-91.
101. Goldman B. Spectator events: medical preparation a must. Can Med Assoc J. 1988;138(2):164-165.
102. Madge SN, Kersey JP, Murray G, Murray JR. Are we training junior doctors to respond to major incidents? A survey of doctors in the Wessex region. Emerg Med J. 2004;21(5): 577-579.
103. Mann NC, MacKenzie E, Anderson C. Public health preparedness for mass-casualty events: a 2002 state-by-state assessment. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004;19(3):245-255.
104. Rubin AL. Safety, security, and preparing for disaster at sporting events. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2004;3(3):141-145.
105. Rutherford WH. The place of exercises in disaster management. Injury. 1990;21(1):58-60; discussion 3-4.
106. Michael JA, Barbera JA. Mass gathering medical care: a twenty- five year review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 1997;12(4):305-312.
107. Arbon P. Mass-gathering medicine: a review of the evidence and future directions for research. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22(2):131-135.