The occupational exposure limit for fluid aerosol generated in metalworking operations: Limitations and recommendations

Safety and Health at Work

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-10

  Park, Donguk ^a  

^a Korea National Open University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Metalworking fluid; Metalworking operation; Oil mist; Straight fluid; Water soluble fluid

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879113297     PISSN: 20937911     EISSN: 20937997     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.1.1     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Eisen EA, Bardin J, Gore R, Woskie SR, Hallock MF, Monson RR. Exposure-response models based on extended followup of a cohort mortality study in the automobile industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 2001;27:240-9.
2. Thompson D, Kriebel D, Quinn MM, Wegman DH, Eisen EA. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluids and risk of breast cancer among female autoworkers. Am J Ind Med 2005;47:153-60.
3. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Criteria for a recommended standard occupational exposure to metalworking fluids. Cincinnati (OH): National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US); 1998. DHHS Publication No. 98-1002.
4. Zeka A, Eisen EA, Kriebel D, Gore R, Wegman DH. Risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in a case-cohort study of autoworkers exposed to metalworking fluids. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:426-31.
5. Silliman JD. Cutting and grinding fluids: selection and application. 2nd ed. Dearbone (MI): Society of Manufacturing Engineers; 1992.
6. Tucker KH. Metalforming application, metalworking fluid. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; 1994. p. 136-141.
7. Schey JA. Tribology in metalworking: friction, lubrication and wear. J Appl Metalworking 1984;3:173-4.
8. Glaser R, Kurimo R, Shulman S. Performance testing of NIOSH Method 5524/ASTM Method D-7049-04, for determination of metalworking fluids. J Occup Environ Hyg 2007;4:583-95.
9. Leep HR. Metal cutting process, metalworking fluids. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; 1994. p. 61-98.
10. Cutting fluid management in small machine shops [Internet]. Cedar Falls (IA): Iowa Waste Reduction Center. 1990 [cited 2011 Nov 15]. Available from: http://members.multimania. co.uk/gerardryder/mp10/enviro/cuttingfluidman.pdf.
11. Simpson AT, Stear M, Groves JA, Piney M, Bradley SD, Stagg S, Crook B. Occupational exposure to metalworking fluid mist and sump fluid contaminants. Ann Occup Hyg 2003;47:17-30.
12. Simpson AT. Comparison of methods for the measurement of mist and vapor from light mineral oil-based metalworking fluids. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2003;18:865-76.
13. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational exposure to mineral oil mist. Air contaminats, 29 C.F.R. Sect. 1910.1000 (1989). Table Z-1.
14. Woskie SR, Virji MA, Hallock M, Smith TJ, Hammond SK. Summary of the findings from the exposure assessments for metalworking fluid mortality and morbidity studies. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2003;18:855-64.
15. Cohen H, White EM. Metalworking fluid mist occupational exposure limits: a discussion of alternative methods. J Occup Environ Hyg 2006;3:501-7.
16. Menichini E. Sampling and analytical methods for determining oil mist concentrations. Ann Occup Hyg 1986;30:335-48.
17. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, part 2, carbon blacks, mineral oils (lubricant base oils and derived products) and some nitroarens; subsquent evaluation. IARR Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Hum 1987;33:87-168.
18. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati (OH): ACGIH; 2011.
19. Stear MA. Controlling health risks from workplace exposure to metalworking fluids in the United Kingdom engineering industry. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2003;18:877-82.
20. Russi M, Dubrow R, Flannery JT, Cullen MR, Mayne ST. Occupational exposure to machining fluids and laryngeal cancer risk: Contrasting results using two separate control groups. American J Ind Med 1997;31:166-71.
21. Verma DK. Relationships between inhalable, thoracic, and respirable aerosols of metalworking fluids. J Occup Environ Hyg 2007;4:266-71.
22. Górny RL, Szponar B, Larsson L, Pehrson C, Prazmo Z, Dutkiewicz J. Metalworking fluid bioaerosols at selected workplaces in a steelworks. Am J Ind Med 2004;46:400-3.
23. Park D, Stewart PA, Coble JB. Determinants of exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols: a literature review and analysis of reported measurements. Ann Occup Hyg 2009;53:271-88.
24. Park D, Stewart PA, Coble JB. A comprehensive review of the literature on exposure to metalworking fluids. J Occup Environ Hyg 2009;6:530-41.
25. Reh BD, Harney JM, McCleery RE, Mueller CA. Evaluation of the NIOSH MWF total particulate matter: thoracic particulate matter conversion factor in a machining environment. J Occup Environ Hyg 2005;2:239-43.
26. Verma DK, Shaw DS, Shaw ML, Julian JA, McCollin SA, des Tombe K. An evaluation of analytical methods, air sampling techniques, and airborne occupational exposure of metalworking fluids. J Occup Environ Hyg 2006;3:53-66.
27. Piacitelli GM, Sieber WK, O'Brien DM, Hughes RT, Glaser RA, Catalano JD. Metalworking fluid exposures in small machine shops: an overview. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 2001;62:356-70.
28. Woskie SR, Smith TJ, Hallock MF, Hammond SK, Rosenthal F, Eisen EA, Kriebel D, Greaves IA. Size-selective pulmonary dose indices for metal-working fluid aerosols in machining and grinding operations in the automobile manufacturing industry. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1994;55:20-9.
29. Malloy EJ, Miller KL, Eisen EA. Rectal cancer and exposure to metalworking fluids in the automobile manufacturing industry. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:244-9.
30. Agalliu I, Kriebel D, Quinn MM, Wegman DH, Eisen EA. Prostate cancer incidence in relation to time windows of exposure to metalworking fluids in the auto industry. Epidemiology 2005;16:664-71.
31. Bardin JA, Eisen EA, Tolbert PE, Hallock MF, Hammond SK, Woskie SR, Smith TJ, Monson RR. Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry. V: A case-control study of pancreatic cancer. Am J Ind Med 1997;32:240-7.
32. Bardin JA, Gore RJ, Wegman DH, Kriebel D, Woskie SR, Eisen EA. Registry-based case-control studies of liver cancer and cancers of the biliary tract nested in a cohort of autoworkers exposed to metalworking fluids. Scand J Work Environ Health 2005;31:205-11.
33. Schroeder JC, Tolbert PE, Eisen EA, Monson RR, Hallock MF, Smith TJ, Woskie SR, Hammond SK, Milton DK. Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry IV; a case-control study of lung cancer. Am J Ind Med 1997;31:525-35.
34. Eisen EA, Tolbert PE, Hallock MF, Monson RR, Smith TJ, Woskie SR. Mortality studies of machining fluid exposure in the automobile industry. III: A case-control study of larynx cancer. Am J Ind Med 1994;26:185-202.
35. Park RM, Wegman DH, Silverstein MA, Maizlish NA, Mirer FE. Causes of death among workers in a bearing manufacturing plant. Am J Ind Med 1988;13:569-80.
36. Silverstein M, Park R, Marmor M, Maizlish N, Mirer F. Mortality among bearing plant workers exposed to metalworking fluids and abrasives. J Occup Med 1988;30:706-14.
37. Thurston SW, Eisen EA, Schwartz J. Smoothing in survival models: an application to workers exposed to metalworking fluids. Epidemiology 2002;13:685-92.
38. Eisen EA, Smith TJ, Kriebel D, Woskie SR, Myers DJ, Kennedy SM, Shalat S, Monson RR. Respiratory health of automobile workers and exposures to metal-working fluid aerosols: lung spirometry. Am J Ind Med 2001;39:443-53.
39. Stear M. Metalworking fluids-clearing away the mist? Ann Occup Hyg 2005;49:279-81.
40. Dasch JM, Ang CC, Mood M, Knowles DP. Variables affecting mist generation from metal removal fluids. Lubr Eng 2002;58:10-7.
41. Turchin H, Byers JP. Effect of oil contamination on Metalworking Fluid Mist®. Lubr Eng 2000;56:21-5.
42. Dasch J, D'Arcy J, Gundrum A, Sutherland J, Johnson J, Carlson D. Characterization of fine particles from machining in automotive plants. J Occup Environ Hyg 2005;2:609-25.
43. Childers JC. The chemistry of metalworking fluids. In: Metalworking Fluids. 1st ed. Byers JP, editor. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; 1994. p. 165-89.