Not 'just another brick in the wall?' the symbolism of groundstone tools in natufian and early neolithic southern Levantine constructions

Cambridge Archaeological Journal

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 185-201

  Rosenberg, Danny ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879063792     PISSN: 09597743     EISSN: 14740540     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S095977431300022X     Document Type: Article

References (162)

1. Adams, J.L., 2008. Beyond the broken, in New Approaches to Old Stones: Recent Studies of Ground Stone Artifacts, eds. Y.M. Rowan & J.R. Ebeling. (Approaches to Anthropological Archaeology.) London: Equinox, 213-29.
2. Banning, E.B., 2010. Houses, households, and changing society in the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic of the southern Levant. Paléorient 36(1), 49-87.
3. Banning, E.B. & B.F. Byrd, 1987. Houses and the changing residential unit: domestic architecture at PPNB 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, 309-25.
4. Barkai, R., 2005. Flint and Stone Axes as Cultural Markers: Socio-economic Changes as Reflected in Holocene Flint Tool Industries of the Southern Levant. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence and Environment 11.) Berlin: ex oriente.
5. Bar-Yosef, O., 1975. The Epi-Palaeolithic in Palestine and Sinai, in Problems in Prehistory: North Africa and the Levant, eds. F. Wendorf & A.E. Marks. Dallas (TX): SMU Press, 363-78.
6. Bar-Yosef, O., 1980. Prehistory of the Levant. Annual Review of Anthropology 9, 101-33.
7. Bar-Yosef, O., 1981. The Epipalaeolithic complexes in the southern Levant, in Préhistoire du Levant: chronologie et organisation de l'espace depuis les origines jusqu'au Vie millénaire, vol. 1, eds. J. Cauvin & P. Sanlaville. (Colloques Internationaux du CNRS 598.) Lyon: Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen, 389-408.
8. Bar-Yosef, O., 1986. The walls of Jericho: an alternative interpretation. Current Anthropology 27(2), 157-62.
9. Bar-Yosef, O., 1998. The Natufian culture in the Levant, threshold to the origins of agriculture. Evolutionary Anthropology 6(5), 159-77.
10. Bar-Yosef, O. & A. Belfer-Cohen, 1989. The origins of sedentism and farming communities in the Levant. Journal of World Prehistory 3(4), 447-98.
11. Bar-Yosef, O. & A. Gopher, 1997. The excavations of Netiv Hagdud: stratigraphy and architectural remains, in An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley, part I: The Archaeology of Netiv Hagdud, eds. O. Bar-Yosef & A. Gopher. Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum of Archaeo logy and Ethnology, Harvard University, 41-69.
12. Barzilai, O. & A.N. Goring-Morris, 2007. Bidirectional blade and tool caches and stocks in the PPNB of the southern Levant, in Systèmes techniques et communautés du Néolithique précé ramique au Proche-Orient/Technical Systems and Near Eastern PPN Communities, eds. L. Astruc, D. Binder & F. Briois. Antibes: Éditions APDCA, 277-94.
13. de Beaune, S.A., 2004. The invention of technology: prehistory and cognition. Current Anthropology 45(2), 139-62.
14. Beidelman, T.O., 1993. Moral Imagination in Kaguru Modes of Thought. (African Systems of Thought.) Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press.
15. Belfer-Cohen, A., 1988a. The Natufian Settlement at Hayonim Cave: a Hunter-gatherer Band on the Threshold of Agriculture. Unpublished PhD dissertation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
16. Belfer-Cohen, A., 1988b. Natufian graveyard in Hayonim Cave. Paléorient 14(2), 297-308.
17. Belfer-Cohen, A. & O. Bar-Yosef, 2000. Early sedentism in the Near East: a bumpy ride to village life, in Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation, ed. I. Kuijt. (Fundamental Issues in Archaeology.) New York (NY): Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, 19-37.
18. Belfer-Cohen, A. & A.N. Goring-Morris, 2007. A new look at old assemblages: a cautionary tale, in Systèmes techniques et communautés du Néolithique précéramique au Proche-Orient/Technical Systems and Near Eastern PPN Communities, eds. L. Astruc, D. Binder & F. Briois. Antibes: Éditions APDCA, 15-24.
19. Bonogofsky, M., 2003. Neolithic plastered skulls and railroading epistemologies. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 331, 1-10.
20. Bonogofsky, M., 2004. Including women and children: Neolithic modeled skulls from Jordan, Israel, Syria and Turkey. Near Eastern Archaeology 67(2), 118-19.
21. Bourdieu, P., 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22. Bourdieu, P., 1990. The Logic of Practice. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press.
23. Boyd, B., 1995. House and hearths, pits and burials: Natufian mortuary practices at Mallaha (Eynan), Upper Jordan Valley, in The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East, eds. S. Campbell & A. Green. (Oxbow Monograph 51.) Oxford: Oxbow Books, 17-23.
24. Boyd, B., 2006. On 'sedentism' in the Later Epipaleolithic (Natufian) Levant. World Archaeology 38(2), 164-78.
25. Braun, E., 1985. 'En Shadud: Salvage Excavation at a Farming Community in the Jezreel Valley. (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 249.) Oxford: BAR.
26. Braun, E., 1990. Basalt bowls of EB I horizon in the southern Levant. Paléorient 16(1), 87-96.
27. Braun, E. (ed.), 1997. Yiftah'el: Salvage and Rescue Excavations at a Prehistoric Village in Lower Galilee, Israel. (IAA Reports 2.) Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.
28. van den Brink, E.C.M., Y.M. Rowan & E. Braun, 1999. Pedestaled basalt bowls of the Chalcolithic: new variations. Israel Exploration Journal 49(3-4), 161-83.
29. Byrd, B.F., 1994. Public and private, domestic and corporate: the emergence of the southwest Asian village. American Antiquity 59(4), 639-66.
30. Byrd, B.F., 2000. Households in transition: Neolithic social organization within Southwest Asia, in Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation, ed. I. Kuijt. (Fundamental Issues in Archaeology.) New York (NY): Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, 63-102.
31. Byrd, B.F. & C.M. Monahan, 1995. Death, mortuary ritual and Natufian social structure. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14, 251-87.
32. Cauvin, J., 2000. The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture. (New Studies in Archaeology.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33. Commange, C., 1997. The ground stone from Yiftah'el IV and III: slabs, mortars and vessels, in Yiftah'el: Salvage and Rescue Excavations at a Prehistoric Village in Lower Galilee, Israel, ed. E. Braun. (IAA Reports 2.) Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 190-99.
34. de Contenson, H., 1969. Quatrième et cinquième campagnes à Tell Ramad, 1967-1968: rapport préliminaire. Annales Archéologiques Arabes Syriennes 19, 25-30.
35. David, N., 1998. The ethnoarchaeology and field archaeology of grinding at Sukur, Adamawa State, Nigeria. African Archaeological Review 15(1), 13-63.
36. Dorrell, P.G., 1983. Stone vessels, tools and objects (appendix A), in Excavations at Jericho, vol. V: The Pottery Phases of the Tell and Other Finds, eds. K. Kenyon & T.A. Holland. London: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, 485-575.
37. Dubreuil, L., 2004. Long-term trends in Natufian subsistence: a use-wear analysis of ground stone tools. Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 1613-29.
38. Dubreuil, L. & L. Grosman, 2009. Ochre and hide-working at a Natufian burial place. Antiquity 83, 935-54.
39. Dubreuil, L. & H. Plisson, 2010. Natufian flint versus ground stone tools: a use-wear perspective on subsistence change. Eurasian Prehistory 7(11), 47-63.
40. Ebeling, J.R., 2001. Utilitarian Objects in Sacred Spaces: Ground Stone Tools in Middle and Late Bronze Age Temples in Southern Levant. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona. (Available from www.proquest.com - AAT 3010206.)
41. Ebeling, J.R., 2002. Why are ground stone tools found in Middle and Late Bronze Age burials? Near Eastern Archaeology 65(2), 149-51.
42. Ebeling, J.R. & Y.M. Rowan, 2004. The archaeology of the daily grind: ground stone tools and food production in the southern Levant. Near Eastern Archaeology 67(2), 108-17.
43. Edwards, P.C., 1991. Wadi Hammeh 27: an Early Natufian site at Pella, Jordan, in The Natufian Culture in the Levant, eds. O. Bar Yosef & F.R. Valla. (Archaeological Series 1.) Ann Arbor (MI): International Monographs in Prehistory, 123-48.
44. Eisenberg, E., A. Gopher & R. Greenberg, 2001. Stratigraphy and architecture of strata XIII-I, in Tel Te'o : a Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Site in the Hula Valley, eds. E. Eisenberg, A. Gopher & R. Greenberg. (IAA Reports 13.) Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 14-46.
45. Eitam, D., 2008. Plant food in the Late Natufian: the oblong conical mortar as a case study. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 38, 133-51.
46. Epstein, C., 1984. A Pottery Neolithic site near Tel Qat.if. Israel Exploration Journal 34(4), 209-19.
47. Finlayson, B., S.J. Mithen, M. Najjar et al., 2011. Architecture, sedentism and social complexity at Pre-Pottery Neolithic A WF16, southern Jordan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106(27), 10,966-70.
48. Flannery, K.V., 1969. Origins and ecological effects of early domestication in Iran and the Near East, in The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, eds. P.J. Ucko & G.W. Dimbleby. London: Gerald Duckworth, 73-100.
49. Fowles, S.M., 2009. The enshrined pueblo: villagescape and cosmos in the northern Rio Grande. American Antiquity 74(3), 448-66.
50. Garfinkel, Y., 1992. The Material Culture in the Central Jordan Valley in the Pottery Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Periods. Unpublished PhD thesis, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. [In Hebrew with English summary.]
51. Garfinkel, Y., 1994. Ritual burial of cultic objects: the earliest evidence. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 4(2), 159-88.
52. Garfinkel, Y., 2006. The burials of Kfar HaHoresh - A regional or local phenomenon? Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 36, 109-16.
53. Garfinkel, Y. & D. Dag, 2008. The rise of pastoralism in the southern coastal plain of the Levant, in Neolithic Ashkelon, eds. Y. Garfinkel & D. Dag. (Qedem 47.) Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 281-8.
54. Garrod, D.A.E. & D.M.A. Bate, 1937. The Stone Age of Mount Carmel: Excavations at the Wady El-Mughara, vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
55. Gebel, H.G.K, 2002. Walls. Loci of forces, in Magic Practices and Ritual in the Near Eastern Neolithic, eds. H.G.K. Gebel, B.D. Hermansen & C.H. Jensen. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 8.) Berlin: ex oriente, 119-32.
56. Gebel, H.G.K., 2010. Commodification and the formation of Early Neolithic social identity: the issues as seen from the southern Jordanian Highlands, in The Principle of Sharing: Segregation and Construction of Social Identities at the Transition from Foraging to Farming, ed. M. Benz. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 14.) Berlin: ex oriente, 35-80.
57. Gilead, I., 1991. The Upper Paleolithic period in the Levant. Journal of World Prehistory 5(2), 105-54.
58. Gilead, I., 1995. The foragers of the Upper Palaeolithic period, in The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land, ed. T.E. Levy. London: Leicester University Press, 124-40.
59. Gopher, A., 1995. 'Ain Darat: a PPNA site in the Judean Desert. Neo-Lithics 1/95, 7-8.
60. Gopher, A., 1997. Ground stone tools and other stone objects from Netiv Hagdud, in An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley, part I: The Archaeology of Netiv Hagdud, eds. O. Bar-Yosef & A. Gopher. Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 151-76.
61. Gopher, A. & A.N. Goring-Morris, 1998. Abu-Salem: a Pre-Pottery Neolithic B camp in the Central Negev Highlands, Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 312, 1-20.
62. Gopher, A. & E. Orrelle, 1995a. The Ground Stone Assemblages of Munhata: a Neolithic Site in the Jordan Valley, Israel. (Les cahiers des missions archéologiques françaises en Israël 7.) Paris: Association Paléorient. Gopher, A. & E. Orrelle, 1995b. New data on burials from the Pottery Neolithic period (sixth-fifth millennium bc) in Israel, in The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East, eds. S. Campbell & A. Green. (Oxbow Monograph 51.) Oxford: Oxbow Books, 24-8.
63. Goren-Inbar, N., G. Sharon, Y. Melamed & M. Kislev, 2002. Nuts, nut cracking, and pitted stones at Gesher Benot Ya'akov, Israel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99(4), 2455-60.
64. Goring-Morris, A.N., 1980. Upper Palaeolithic sites from Wadi Fazael, Lower Jordan Valley. Paléorient 6, 173-91.
65. Goring-Morris, A.N., 1987. At the Edge: Terminal Pleistocene Hunter-fatherers in the Negev and Sinai, vol. 1. (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 361.) Oxford: BAR.
66. Goring-Morris, A.N., 1988. Trends in the spatial organization of Terminal Pleistocene hunter-gatherer occupations as viewed from the Negev and Sinai. Paléorient 14(2), 231-44.
67. Goring-Morris, A.N., 2000. The quick and the dead: the social context of Aceramic Neolithic mortuary practices as seen from Kfar HaHoresh, in Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation, ed. I. Kuijt. (Fundamental Issues in Archaeology.) New York (NY): Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, 103-35.
68. Goring-Morris, A.N. & A. Belfer-Cohen, 1998. The articulation of cultural processes and Late Quaternary environmental changes in Cisjordan. Paléorient 23(2), 71-93.
69. Goring-Morris, A.N. & A. Belfer-Cohen, 2003. Structures and dwellings in the Upper and Epipalaeolithic (ca. 42-10K BP) Levant: profane and symbolic uses, in Perceived Landscapes and Built Environments: the Cultural Geography of Late Paleolithic Eurasia, eds. S.A. Vasil'ev, J. Kozlowski & O. Soffer. (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1122.) Oxford: BAR, 65-81.
70. Goring-Morris, A.N. & A. Belfer-Cohen, 2008. A roof over one's head: developments in Near Eastern residential architecture across the Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic transition, in The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences, eds. J.-P. Bocquet-Appel & O. Bar-Yosef. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 239-86.
71. Goring-Morris, A.N. & A. Belfer-Cohen, 2010. Different ways of being, different ways of seeing: changing worldviews in the Near East, in Landscapes in Transition: Understanding Hunter-gatherer and Farming Landscapes in the Early Holocene of Europe and the Levant, eds. B. Finlayson & G. Warren. (Levant Supplementary Series 8.) London: Council for British Research in the Levant, 9-22.
72. Goring-Morris, A.N., E. Hovers & A. Belfer-Cohen, 2009. The dynamics of Pleistocene and Early Holocene settlement patterns and human adaptations in the Levant: an overview, in Transition in Prehistory: Essays in Honor of Ofer Bar-Yosef, eds. J.J. Shea & D.E. Lieberman. (American School of Prehistoric Research Monograph Series.). Oxford: Oxbow Books, 187-252.
73. Hardy-Smith, T. & P.C. Edwards, 2004. The garbage crisis in prehistory: artefact discard patterns at the Early Natufian site of Wadi Hammeh 27 and the origins of household refuse disposal strategies. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23(3), 253-89.
74. Hayden, B., 2004. Sociopolitical organization in the Natufian: a view from the northwest, in The Last Huntergatherer Societies in the Near East, ed. C. Delage. (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1320.) Oxford: BAR, 263-308.
75. Henry, D.O., 1989. From Foraging to Agriculture: the Levant at the End of the Ice Age. Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania Press.
76. Hodder, I., 1984. Symbols in Actions: Ethnoarchaeological Studies of Material Culture. (New Studies in Archaeology.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
77. Hodder, I., 1986. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
78. Hodder, I., 1990. The Domestication of Europe: Structure and Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford: Blackwell.
79. Ingold, T., 2000. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge.
80. Insoll, T., 2006. Shrine franchising and the Neolithic in the British Isles: some observations based upon the Tallensi, northern Ghana. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 16(2), 223-38.
81. Kafafi, Z. & G.O. Rollefson, 1995. The 1994 excavation season at 'Ayn Ghazāl: preliminary report. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 39, 13-29.
82. Keane, W., 2010. Marked, absent, habitual: approaches to Neolithic religion at Çatalhöyük, in Religion in the Emergence of Civilization: Çatalhöyük as a Case Study, ed. I. Hodder. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 187-219.
83. Kenyon, K.M., 1957. Digging Up Jericho: the Results of the Jericho Excavations, 1952-1956. London: E. Benn.
84. Kerner, S., 2010. Craft specialization and its relation with social organization in the late 6th to early 4th millennium bce of the southern Levant. Paléorient 36(1), 179-98.
85. Kirkbride, D., 1966. Beidha an Early Neolithic village in Jordan. Archaeology 19(3), 199-207.
86. Kopytoff, I., 1986. The cultural biography of things: commoditization as process, in The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, ed. A. Appadurai. (Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 64-94.
87. Kraybill, N., 1977. Pre-agricultural tools for the preparation of foods in the Old World, in Origins of Agriculture, ed. C.A. Reed. The Hague: Mouton, 485-521.
88. Kuijt, I., 1996. Negotiating equality through ritual: a consideration of Late Natufian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period mortuary practices. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 15, 313-36.
89. Kuijt, I., 2001. Place, death, and the transmission of social memory in early agricultural communities of the Near Eastern Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 10(1), 80-99.
90. Kuijt, I., 2008. The regeneration of life: Neolithic structures of symbolic remembering and forgetting. Current Anthropology 49(2), 171-97.
91. Kuijt, I. & B. Finlayson, 2009. Evidence for food storage and predomestication granaries 11,000 years ago in the Jordan Valley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106(27), 10,966-70.
92. Kuijt, I. & A.N. Goring-Morris, 2002. Foraging, farming and social complexity in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the southern Levant: a review and synthesis. Journal of World Prehistory 16(4), 361-440.
93. Latour, B., 2005. Reassembling the Social: an Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press
94. Lechevallier, M., 1978. Abou Gosh et Beisamoun: deux gisements du VIIe millénaire avant l'ère chrétienne en Israël. (Mémoires et travaux du Centre de recherche préhistoriques français de Jérusalem 2.) Paris: Association Paléorient.
95. Maher, L.A., J.T. Stock, S. Finney, J.J.N. Heywood, P.T. Miracle & E.B. Banning, 2011. A unique human-fox burial from a Pre-Natufian cemetery in the Levant (Jordan). PLOS One 6(1), e15815.
96. Marks, A.E., 1976. Ein Aqev: a late Levantine Upper Paleolithic site in the Nahal Aqev, in Prehistory and Palaeoenvironments in the Central Negev, Israel, vol. I, ed. A.E. Marks. Dallas (TX): SMU Press, 227-97.
97. Milevski, I., H. Khalaily, N. Getzov & I. Hershkovitz, 2008. The plastered skulls and other PPNB finds from Yiftahel, Lower Galilee (Israel). Paléorient 34(2), 37-46.
98. Mithen, S., B. Finlayson & R. Shaffrey, 2006. Sexual symbolism in the Early Neolithic of the southern Levant: pestles and mortars from WF16. Documenta Prehistorica 32, 103-10.
99. Nadel, D., 1996. The organization of space in a fisher-huntergatherer camp at Ohalo-II, Israel, in Nature et Culture, ed. M. Otte. (ERAUL 68.) Liege: Université de Liège, 373-88.
100. Nadel, D. & G. Lengyel, 2009. Human-made bedrock holes (mortars and cupmarks) as a Late Natufian social phenomenon. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 37(2), 37-48.
101. Nadel, D., G. Lengyel, F. Bocquentin et al., 2008. The Late Natufian at Raqefet Cave: the 2006 excavation season. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 38, 59-131.
102. Nadel, D., G. Lengyel, T. Cabellos Panades et al., 2009a. The Raqefet Cave 2008 excavation season. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 39, 21-61.
103. Nadel, D., D. Rosenberg & R. Yeshurun, 2009b. The deep and the shallow: the role of Natufian bedrock features at Rosh Zin, Central Negev, Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 355, 1-29.
104. Naveh, D., 2003. PPNA Jericho: a socio-political perspective. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13(1), 83-96.
105. Neeley, M.P., J.D. Peterson, G.A. Clark & S. Fish, 2000. WHS 1065 (Tor al-Tareeq), an Epipalaeolithic site in the Wadi el-Hasa, west-central Jordan, in The Archaeology of the Wadi Al-Hasa, West-central Jordan, vol. 2: Excavations at Middle, Upper and Epipalaeolithic Sites, ed. N.R. Coinman. (Anthropological Research Papers 52.) Tempe (AZ): Arizona State University, 245-79.
106. Noy, T., 1991. Art and decoration of the Natufian at Nahal Oren, in The Natufian Culture in the Levant, eds. O. Bar-Yosef & F.R. Valla. (Archaeological Series 1.) Ann Arbor (MI): International Monographs in Prehistory, 557-68.
107. Perrot, J., 1966. Le gisement Natoufien de Mallaha (Eynan), Israël. L'Anthropologie 70(5-6), 437-84.
108. Perrot, J. & D. Ladiray, 1988. Les hommes de Mallaha (Eynan), Israël. (Mémoires et travaux du Centre de recherché français de Jérusalem 7.) Paris: Association Paléorient.
109. Peterson, J., 1999. Early Epipalaeolithic settlement patterns: insights from the study of ground stone tools from the southern Levant. Levant 31, 1-17.
110. Peterson, J., 2000. Ground stone as an inferential tool: an example from Tor al-Tareeq, Jordan, in The Archaeology of the Wadi Al-Hasa, West-central Jordan, vol. 2: Excavations at Middle, Upper and Epipalaeolithic Sites, ed. N.R. Coinman. (Anthropological Research Papers 52.) Tempe (AZ): Arizona State University, 327-43.
111. Pétrequin, P. & A.M. Pétrequin, 1993. From polished stone tool to the sacred axe: the axes of the Danis of Irian Jaya, Indonesia, in The Use of Tools by Human and Non-human Primates, eds. A. Berthelet & J. Chavaillon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 359-77.
112. Piperno, D.R., E. Weiss, I. Holst & D. Nadel, 2004. Processing of wild cereal grains in the Upper Palaeolithic revealed by starch grain analysis. Nature 430, 670-73.
113. Rollefson, G.O. & A.H. Simmons, 1985. The Early Neolithic village of 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan: preliminary report on the 1983 season. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research supplement 23, 35-52.
114. Rollefson, G.O. & A.H. Simmons, 1988. The Neolithic village of 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan: preliminary report on the 1985 season. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research supplement 25, 93-106.
115. Ronen, A., 2003. Grinding tools as grave goods, in Préhistoire des pratiques mortuaires, ed. E. Derwich. (ERAUL 102.) Liège: Université de Liège, 63-8.
116. Ronen, A. & D. Adler, 2001. The walls of Jericho were magical. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 2(6), 97-103.
117. Ronen, A. & B. Vandermeersch, 1972. The Upper Paleolithic sequence in the cave of Qafza (Israel). Quaternaria 16, 189-202.
118. Ronen, A., B. Lang & M. Lechevallier, 2003. Gaining lithic expertise in the Epi-Palaeolithic. Lithic Technology 28(2), 107-12.
119. Rosenberg, D., 2004. The Pestle: Characteristics and Changes of Stone Pounding Implements in the Southern Levant from the Early Epipalaeolithic through the Pottery Neolithic Period. Unpublished MA thesis, Tel Aviv University. [Hebrew with English summary.]
120. Rosenberg, D., 2008. Serving meals making a home: the PPNA limestone vessel industry of the southern Levant and its importance to the Neolithic revolution. Paléorient 34(1), 23-32.
121. Rosenberg, D., 2011. Development, Continuity and Change: the Stone Industries of the Early Ceramic Bearing Cultures of the Southern Levant. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Haifa. [In Hebrew with English summary.]
122. Rosenberg, D., in press. The stone assemblage of Hagoshrim, in Continuity and Change in the Neolithic of Northern Israel, eds. N. Getzov & H. Khalaily. (IAA Reports.) Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.
123. Rosenberg, D. & Y. Garfinkel, in press. The Stone Assemblage of Sha'ar Hagolan. (Qedem 47.) Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
124. Rosenberg, D. & A. Golani, 2012. Groundstone tools of a copper-smiths' community: understanding stonerelated aspects of the Early Bronze Age site of Ashqelon Barnea. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 25(1), 27-51.
125. Rosenberg, D. & A. Gopher, 2010. Food processing tools and other groundstone implements from Gilgal I and Gilgal III, in Gilgal: Early Neolithic Occupations in the Lower Jordan Valley. The Excavations of Tamar Noy, eds. O. Bar-Yosef, A.N. Goring-Morris & A. Gopher (American School of Prehistoric Research Monograph Series.) Oxford: Oxbow Books, 139-75.
126. Rosenberg, D. & D. Nadel, 2011. On floor level: PPNA indoor cupmarks and their Natufian forerunners, in The State of the Stone: Terminologies, Continuities and Contexts in Near Eastern Lithics, eds. E. Healy, S. Campbell & O. Maeda. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 13.) Berlin: ex oriente, 99-108.
127. Rosenberg, D., A. Assaf, N. Getzov & A. Gopher, 2008. Flaked stone discs of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in the southern Levant. Paléorient 34(2), 137-51.
128. Rosenberg, D., D. Kaufman, R. Yeshurun & M. Weinstein- Evron, 2013. The broken record: the Natufian groundstone assemblage from el-Wad Terrace (Mount Carmel, Israel) - attributes and their interpretation. Eurasian Prehistory 9(1-2), 89-124.
129. Rosenberg, M. & R.W. Redding, 2000. Hallan Çemi and early village organization in eastern Anatolia, in Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity, and Differentiation, ed. I. Kuijt. (Fundamental Issues in Archaeology.) New York (NY): Kluwer Academic, Plenum Publishers, 39-61.
130. Rowan, Y.M., 1998. Ancient Distribution and Deposition of Prestige Objects: Basalt Vessels During Late Prehistory in the Southern Levant. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Texas.
131. Rowan, Y.M. & J. Golden, 2009. The Chalcolithic period of the southern Levant: a synthetic review. Journal of World Prehistory 22(1), 1-92.
132. Rucks, M.M., 1995. The Social Context and Cultural Meaning of Ground Stone Milling Among Washoe Women. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Nevada.
133. Samuelian, N., H. Khalaily & F.R. Valla, 2006. Final Natufian architecture at 'Eynan ('Ain Mallaha) approaching the diversity behind uniformity, in Domesticating Space: Construction, Community and Cosmology in the Late Prehistoric Near East, eds. E.B. Banning & M. Chazan. (Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 6.) Berlin: ex oriente, 35-42.
134. Samzun, A., 1994. Le mobilier en pierre, in Le gisement de Hatoula en Judée occidentale, Israël, eds. M. Lecheval lier & A. Ronen. (Mémoires et travaux du Centre de recherche français de Jérusalem 8.) Paris: Association Paléorient, 193-226.
135. Schlanger, S.H., 1991. On manos, metates, and the history of site occupations. American Antiquity 56(3), 460-74.
136. Shaffrey, R., 2007. The groundstone, in The Early Prehistory of Wadi Faynan, Southern Jordan: Archaeological Survey of Wadis Faynan, Ghuwayr and Al Bustan and Evaluation of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Site of WF16, eds. B. Finlayson & S. Mithen. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 323-55.
137. Sherratt, A., 1981. Plough and pastoralism: aspects of the secondary products revolution, in Patterns of the Past: Studies in Honour of David Clarke, eds. I. Hodder, G. Isaac & N. Hammond. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 261-305.
138. Sherratt, A., 1983. The secondary exploitation of animals in the Old World. World Archaeology 15(1), 90-104.
139. Spivak, P., 2008. The Limestone and Basalt Assemblage of the Epi-Palaeolithic Ohalo II, a 23,000 Years BP Hunter/Gatherer/Fishermen's Site. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Haifa.
140. Stekelis, M. & T. Yizraely, 1963. Excavation at Nahal Oren. Israel Exploration Journal 13, 1-12.
141. Stordeur, D., B. Jammous, D. Helmer & G. Willcox, 1996. Jarfel Ahmar: a new Mureybetian site (PPNA) on the Middle Euphrates. Neo-Lithics 2/96, 1-2.
142. Stordeur, D., M. Brenet, G. der Aprahamian & J.-C. Roux, 2000. Les bâtiments communautaires de Jerf el Ahmar et Mureybet horizon PPNA (Syrie). Paléorient 26(1), 29-44.
143. Tchernov, E., 1984. Commensal animals and human sedentism in the Middle East, in Animals and Archaeology, vol. 3: Early Herders and Their Flocks, eds. J. Clutton-Brock & C. Grigson. (British Archaeological Reports, International Series 202.) Oxford: BAR, 91-115.
144. Tsoraki, C., 2007. Unravelling ground stone life histories: the spatial organization of stone tools and human activities at LN Makriyalos, Greece. Documenta Praehistorica 34, 289-97.
145. Valla, F.R., 1988. Aspects du sol de l'abri 131 de Mallaha (Eynan). Paléorient 14(2), 283-96.
146. Valla, F.R., H. Khalaily, N. Samuelian et al., 2001. Le Natufian final de Mallaha (Eynan), deuxième rapport préliminaire: les fouilles de 1998-1999. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 31, 43-184.
147. Valla, F.R., H. Khalaily, H. Valladas et al., 2007. Les fouilles de Ain Mallaha (Eynan) de 2003 á 2005: quatrième rapport préliminaire. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 37, 135-379.
148. Watkins, T., 1990. The origins of house and home? World Archaeology 21(3), 336-47.
149. Watkins, T., 2004. Building houses, framing concepts, constructing worlds. Paléorient 30(1), 5-23.
150. Weinstein-Evron, M., 1998. Early Natufian El-Wad Revisited. (ERAUL 77.) Liège: Université de Liège.
151. Weinstein-Evron, M., 2009. Archaeology in the Archives: Unveiling the Natufian Culture of Mount Carmel. (American School of Prehistoric Research Monograph Series.) Boston (MA): Brill.
152. Weinstein-Evron, M., B. Lang, S. Ilani, G. Steinitz & D. Kaufman, 1995. K/AR dating as a means of sourcing Levantine Epipaleolithic basalt implements. Archaeometry 37(1), 37-40.
153. Weinstein-Evron, M., B. Lang & S. Ilani, 1999. Natufian trade/exchange in basalt implements: evidence from northern Israel. Archaeometry 41(2), 267-73.
154. Weinstein-Evron, M., D. Kaufman & N. Bird-David, 2001. Rolling stones: basalt implements as evidence for trade/exchange in the Levantine Epipalaeolithic. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 31, 25-42.
155. Weinstein-Evron, M., D. Kaufman, N. Bachrach et al., 2007. After 70 years: new excavations at the el-Wad Terrace, Mount Carmel, Israel. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 37, 37-134.
156. Wright, G.H., 1978. Social differentiation in the Early Natufian, in Social Archaeology: Beyond Substance and Dating, eds. C.L. Redman, M.J. Berman, E.V. Curtin, W.T. Langhorne, N.M. Versaggi & J.C. Wanser. New York (NY): Academic Press, 201-23.
157. Wright, K., 1991. The origins and development of ground stone assemblages in Late Pleistocene Southwest Asia. Paléorient 17(1), 19-45.
158. Wright, K., 1992. Ground Stone Assemblage Variation and Subsistence Strategies in the Levant, 22,000 to 5,000 BP. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Yale University.
159. Wright, K., 1993. Early Holocene ground stone assemblages in the Levant. Levant 25, 93-111.
160. Wright, K., 1994. Ground-stone tools and hunter-gatherer subsistence in southwest Asia: implications for the transition to farming. American Antiquity 59(2), 238-63.
161. Wright, K., 2000. The social origins of cooking and dining in early villages of western Asia. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 66, 89-121.
162. Yartah, T., 2005. Les bâtiments communautaires de Tell 'Abr 3 (PPNA, Syrie). Neo-Lithics 1/05, 3-9.