메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2013, Pages

Breeding Phenology of Birds: Mechanisms Underlying Seasonal Declines in the Risk of Nest Predation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BREEDING; CYANOCITTA STELLERI; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; EMPIDONAX OBERHOLSERI; FEMALE; FOLIAGE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; NEST PREDATION; NONHUMAN; NUCIFRAGA COLUMBIANA; PHENOLOGY; PLANT DENSITY; PREDATION RISK; PREDATOR PREY INTERACTION; RISK FACTOR; SCIURIDAE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SONGBIRD; TAMIAS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84878943323     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065909     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0030847376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on avian breeding time: causality, fecundity-dependent, and fecundity-independent selection
    • Svensson E, (1997) Natural selection on avian breeding time: causality, fecundity-dependent, and fecundity-independent selection. Evolution 51: 1276-1283.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1276-1283
    • Svensson, E.1
  • 2
    • 0025632192 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal Decline in Reproductive-Performance of Song Sparrows
    • Hochachka W, (1990) Seasonal Decline in Reproductive-Performance of Song Sparrows. Ecology 71: 1279-1288.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1279-1288
    • Hochachka, W.1
  • 3
    • 0028995574 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal Decline in Reproductive Success of the Great Tit - Variation in Time or Quality
    • Verhulst S, Vanbalen JH, Tinbergen JM, (1995) Seasonal Decline in Reproductive Success of the Great Tit- Variation in Time or Quality. Ecology 76: 2392-2403.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2392-2403
    • Verhulst, S.1    Vanbalen, J.H.2    Tinbergen, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 0000871457 scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations and clutch-size in the Great Tit Parus major L
    • Perrins CM, (1965) Population fluctuations and clutch-size in the Great Tit Parus major L. Journal of Animal Ecology. 34: 604-647.
    • (1965) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.34 , pp. 604-647
    • Perrins, C.M.1
  • 5
    • 79960116739 scopus 로고
    • The timing of birds' breeding season
    • Perrins CM, (1970) The timing of birds' breeding season. Ibis 112: 242-255.
    • (1970) Ibis , vol.112 , pp. 242-255
    • Perrins, C.M.1
  • 6
    • 0027487689 scopus 로고
    • The effect of birth date on fitness of female dwarf perch, Micrometrus minimus (Perciformes: Embiotocidae)
    • Schultz ET, (1993) The effect of birth date on fitness of female dwarf perch, Micrometrus minimus (Perciformes: Embiotocidae). Evolution 47: 520-539.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 520-539
    • Schultz, E.T.1
  • 7
    • 0026486577 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal Declines in Offspring Fitness and Selection for Early Reproduction in Nymph-Overwintering Grasshoppers
    • Landa K, (1992) Seasonal Declines in Offspring Fitness and Selection for Early Reproduction in Nymph-Overwintering Grasshoppers. Evolution 46: 121-135.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 121-135
    • Landa, K.1
  • 8
    • 0023485541 scopus 로고
    • Early development and population dynamics in red deer. I. Density-dependent effects of juvenile survival
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Major M, Albon SD, Guiness FE, (1987) Early development and population dynamics in red deer. I. Density-dependent effects of juvenile survival. Journal of Animal Ecology 56: 53-67.
    • (1987) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.56 , pp. 53-67
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Major, M.2    Albon, S.D.3    Guiness, F.E.4
  • 9
    • 0028165235 scopus 로고
    • Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly - influence of emergence time and hostplant phenology
    • Cushman JH, Boggs CL, Weiss SB, Murphy DD, Harvey AW, et al. (1994) Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly- influence of emergence time and hostplant phenology. Oecologia 99: 194-200.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.99 , pp. 194-200
    • Cushman, J.H.1    Boggs, C.L.2    Weiss, S.B.3    Murphy, D.D.4    Harvey, A.W.5
  • 10
    • 0035657122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal decline in clutch size in European starlings: a novel randomization test to distinguish between the timing and quality hypothesis
    • Christians JK, Evanson M, Aiken JJ, (2001) Seasonal decline in clutch size in European starlings: a novel randomization test to distinguish between the timing and quality hypothesis. Journal of Animal Ecology 70: 1080-1087.
    • (2001) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 1080-1087
    • Christians, J.K.1    Evanson, M.2    Aiken, J.J.3
  • 12
    • 77954165521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness consequences of timing of breeding in birds: date effects in the course of a reproductive episode
    • Gruebler MU, Naef-Daenzer B, (2010) Fitness consequences of timing of breeding in birds: date effects in the course of a reproductive episode. Journal of Avian Biology 41: 282-291.
    • (2010) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.41 , pp. 282-291
    • Gruebler, M.U.1    Naef-Daenzer, B.2
  • 13
    • 0032959105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness components associated with laying date in the cliff swallow
    • Brown CR, Brown MB, (1999) Fitness components associated with laying date in the cliff swallow. Condor 101: 230-245.
    • (1999) Condor , vol.101 , pp. 230-245
    • Brown, C.R.1    Brown, M.B.2
  • 14
    • 0022837745 scopus 로고
    • Temporal components of reproductive variability in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus)
    • Murphy MT, (1986) Temporal components of reproductive variability in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus). Ecology 67: 1483-1492.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1483-1492
    • Murphy, M.T.1
  • 15
    • 0000179665 scopus 로고
    • Breeding productivity considerations: what are the appropriate habitat features for management?
    • In: Haggan JM, III and D. W Johnson, editor, Washington DC.: Smithsonian Institute Press
    • Martin TE (1992) Breeding productivity considerations: what are the appropriate habitat features for management? In: Haggan JM, III and D. W Johnson, editor. Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds. Washington DC.: Smithsonian Institute Press. 455-473.
    • (1992) Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds , pp. 455-473
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 17
    • 0028976972 scopus 로고
    • Avian life-history evolution in relation to nest sites, nest predation, and food
    • Martin TE, (1995) Avian life-history evolution in relation to nest sites, nest predation, and food. Ecological Monographs 65: 101-127.
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 101-127
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 19
    • 67749139598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators and the breeding bird: behavioral and reproductive flexibility under the risk of predation
    • Lima SL, (2009) Predators and the breeding bird: behavioral and reproductive flexibility under the risk of predation. Biological Review 84: 485-513.
    • (2009) Biological Review , vol.84 , pp. 485-513
    • Lima, S.L.1
  • 20
    • 0028980256 scopus 로고
    • Proximate and ultimate aspects of phenotypic plasticity in timing of Great Tit breeding in a heterogeneous environment
    • Nager RG, van Noordwijk AJ, (1995) Proximate and ultimate aspects of phenotypic plasticity in timing of Great Tit breeding in a heterogeneous environment. American Naturalist 146: 454-474.
    • (1995) American Naturalist , vol.146 , pp. 454-474
    • Nager, R.G.1    van Noordwijk, A.J.2
  • 21
    • 23744449395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest-site selection patterns and the influence of vegetation on nest survival of mixed-grass prairie passerines
    • Davis SK, (2005) Nest-site selection patterns and the influence of vegetation on nest survival of mixed-grass prairie passerines. Condor 107: 605-616.
    • (2005) Condor , vol.107 , pp. 605-616
    • Davis, S.K.1
  • 22
    • 27944472187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in waterfowl nesting success and its relation to cover management in the Canadian prairies
    • Emery RB, Howerter DW, Armstrong LM, Anderson MG, Devries JH, et al. (2005) Seasonal variation in waterfowl nesting success and its relation to cover management in the Canadian prairies. Journal of Wildlife Management 69: 1181-1193.
    • (2005) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.69 , pp. 1181-1193
    • Emery, R.B.1    Howerter, D.W.2    Armstrong, L.M.3    Anderson, M.G.4    Devries, J.H.5
  • 23
    • 34248659971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest survival patterns in willow ptarmigan: influence of time, nesting stage, and female characteristics
    • Wilson S, Martin K, Hannon SJ, (2007) Nest survival patterns in willow ptarmigan: influence of time, nesting stage, and female characteristics. Condor 109: 377-388.
    • (2007) Condor , vol.109 , pp. 377-388
    • Wilson, S.1    Martin, K.2    Hannon, S.J.3
  • 24
    • 18744374943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-specific variation in passerine nest survival: New insights into old questions
    • Grant TA, Shaffer TL, Madden EM, Pietz PJ, (2005) Time-specific variation in passerine nest survival: New insights into old questions. Auk 122: 661-672.
    • (2005) Auk , vol.122 , pp. 661-672
    • Grant, T.A.1    Shaffer, T.L.2    Madden, E.M.3    Pietz, P.J.4
  • 25
    • 62549100866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and clutch size variation in Dusky Flycatcher nest survival
    • Kroll AJ, Haufler JB, (2009) Age and clutch size variation in Dusky Flycatcher nest survival. Journal of Ornithology 150: 409-417.
    • (2009) Journal of Ornithology , vol.150 , pp. 409-417
    • Kroll, A.J.1    Haufler, J.B.2
  • 27
    • 0027950786 scopus 로고
    • Predation on Northern-Cardinal Nests - Does Choice of Nest-Site Matter
    • Filliater TS, Breitwisch R, Nealen PM, (1994) Predation on Northern-Cardinal Nests- Does Choice of Nest-Site Matter. Condor 96: 761-768.
    • (1994) Condor , vol.96 , pp. 761-768
    • Filliater, T.S.1    Breitwisch, R.2    Nealen, P.M.3
  • 28
    • 0022165895 scopus 로고
    • The effect of temperature and clutch size on the energetic cost of incubation in a free-living blue tit (Parus caeruleus)
    • Haftorn S, Reinertsen RE, (1985) The effect of temperature and clutch size on the energetic cost of incubation in a free-living blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Auk 102: 470-478.
    • (1985) Auk , vol.102 , pp. 470-478
    • Haftorn, S.1    Reinertsen, R.E.2
  • 29
    • 0034051575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ambient temperature on avian incubation behavior
    • Conway CJ, Martin TE, (2000) Effects of ambient temperature on avian incubation behavior. Behavioral Ecology 11: 178-188.
    • (2000) Behavioral Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 178-188
    • Conway, C.J.1    Martin, T.E.2
  • 30
    • 84946350057 scopus 로고
    • Do tropical birds raise as many young as they can nourish?
    • Skutch AF, (1949) Do tropical birds raise as many young as they can nourish? Ibis 91: 430-455.
    • (1949) Ibis , vol.91 , pp. 430-455
    • Skutch, A.F.1
  • 32
    • 0034017913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of passerine incubation behavior: Influence of food, temperature, and nest predation
    • Conway CJ, Martin TE, (2000) Evolution of passerine incubation behavior: Influence of food, temperature, and nest predation. Evolution 54: 670-685.
    • (2000) Evolution , vol.54 , pp. 670-685
    • Conway, C.J.1    Martin, T.E.2
  • 33
    • 0030754372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the Skutch hypothesis: does activity at nests increase nest predation riks?
    • Roper JT, Goldstein RR, (1997) A test of the Skutch hypothesis: does activity at nests increase nest predation riks? Journal of Avian Biology 28: 111-116.
    • (1997) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.28 , pp. 111-116
    • Roper, J.T.1    Goldstein, R.R.2
  • 34
    • 0032724138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting nesting success of wood thrushes in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
    • Farnsworth GL, Simons TR, (1999) Factors affecting nesting success of wood thrushes in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Auk 116: 1075-1082.
    • (1999) Auk , vol.116 , pp. 1075-1082
    • Farnsworth, G.L.1    Simons, T.R.2
  • 35
    • 0033306262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A temporal shift in Steller's jay predation on bird eggs
    • Sieving KE, Willson MF, (1999) A temporal shift in Steller's jay predation on bird eggs. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 1829-1834.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.77 , pp. 1829-1834
    • Sieving, K.E.1    Willson, M.F.2
  • 37
    • 0030618721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent predation by skunks using olfactory search images
    • Nams VO, (1997) Density-dependent predation by skunks using olfactory search images. Oecologia 110: 440-448.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 440-448
    • Nams, V.O.1
  • 38
    • 84947543395 scopus 로고
    • The natural control of insects in pine woods. I. Factors influencing the intensity of predation by songbirds
    • Tinbergen L, (1960) The natural control of insects in pine woods. I. Factors influencing the intensity of predation by songbirds. Arch Neerl Zool 13: 265-343.
    • (1960) Arch Neerl Zool , vol.13 , pp. 265-343
    • Tinbergen, L.1
  • 39
    • 0004287950 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
    • Stephens DW, Krebs JR (1986) Foraging Theory. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
    • (1986) Foraging Theory
    • Stephens, D.W.1    Krebs, J.R.2
  • 41
    • 41149175440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of weather factors on the abundance and diversity of moths in a temperate deciduous mixed forest of Korea
    • Choi S-W, (2008) Effects of weather factors on the abundance and diversity of moths in a temperate deciduous mixed forest of Korea. Zoological Science 25: 53-58.
    • (2008) Zoological Science , vol.25 , pp. 53-58
    • Choi, S.-W.1
  • 42
    • 34250733088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive potential of balsam fir (Abies balsamea), white spruce (Picea glauca), and black spruce (P. mariana) at the ecotone between mixedwood and coniferous forests in the boreal zone of western Quebec
    • Messaoud Y, Bergeron Y, Asselin H, (2007) Reproductive potential of balsam fir (Abies balsamea), white spruce (Picea glauca), and black spruce (P. mariana) at the ecotone between mixedwood and coniferous forests in the boreal zone of western Quebec. American Journal of Botany 94: 746-754.
    • (2007) American Journal of Botany , vol.94 , pp. 746-754
    • Messaoud, Y.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Asselin, H.3
  • 43
    • 0028161501 scopus 로고
    • Influence of climate on radial growth and cone production in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
    • Woodward A, Silsbee DG, Schreiner EG, Means JE, (1994) Influence of climate on radial growth and cone production in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24: 1133-1143.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.24 , pp. 1133-1143
    • Woodward, A.1    Silsbee, D.G.2    Schreiner, E.G.3    Means, J.E.4
  • 44
    • 0036189043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of two low-density populations of Peromyscus leucopus to increased food availability
    • Yunger JA, (2002) Response of two low-density populations of Peromyscus leucopus to increased food availability. Journal of Mammalogy 83: 267-279.
    • (2002) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.83 , pp. 267-279
    • Yunger, J.A.1
  • 45
    • 47049100442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral indicators of predators space use: studying species interactions through the behavior of predators
    • Schmidt KA, Schauber EM, (2007) Behavioral indicators of predators space use: studying species interactions through the behavior of predators. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 53: 389-406.
    • (2007) Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 389-406
    • Schmidt, K.A.1    Schauber, E.M.2
  • 46
    • 0034765415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidental nest predation in songbirds: Behavioral indicators detect ecological scales and processes
    • Schmidt KA, Goheen JR, Naumann R, (2001) Incidental nest predation in songbirds: Behavioral indicators detect ecological scales and processes. Ecology 82: 2937-2947.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 2937-2947
    • Schmidt, K.A.1    Goheen, J.R.2    Naumann, R.3
  • 47
    • 12244255018 scopus 로고
    • Nest-Monitoring Plots - Methods for Locating Nests and Monitoring Success
    • Martin TE, Geupel GR, (1993) Nest-Monitoring Plots- Methods for Locating Nests and Monitoring Success. Journal of Field Ornithology 64: 507-519.
    • (1993) Journal of Field Ornithology , vol.64 , pp. 507-519
    • Martin, T.E.1    Geupel, G.R.2
  • 48
    • 0022824426 scopus 로고
    • Relationships among territory size, habitat, song, and nesting success of Northern Cardinals
    • Conner RN, Anderson ME, Dickson JG, (1986) Relationships among territory size, habitat, song, and nesting success of Northern Cardinals. Auk 103: 23-31.
    • (1986) Auk , vol.103 , pp. 23-31
    • Conner, R.N.1    Anderson, M.E.2    Dickson, J.G.3
  • 49
    • 0036320161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest predators, nest-site selection, and nesting success of the Dusky Flycatcher in a managed ponderosa pine forest
    • Liebezeit JR, George TL, (2002) Nest predators, nest-site selection, and nesting success of the Dusky Flycatcher in a managed ponderosa pine forest. Condor 104: 507-517.
    • (2002) Condor , vol.104 , pp. 507-517
    • Liebezeit, J.R.1    George, T.L.2
  • 50
    • 0038477016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival
    • Dinsmore SJ, White GC, Knopf FL, (2002) Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival. Ecology 83: 3476-3488.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 3476-3488
    • Dinsmore, S.J.1    White, G.C.2    Knopf, F.L.3
  • 51
    • 0042313897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator activity and nest success of willow flycatchers and yellow warblers
    • Cain JW III, Morrison ML, Bombay HL, (2003) Predator activity and nest success of willow flycatchers and yellow warblers. Journal of Wildlife Management 67: 600-610.
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.67 , pp. 600-610
    • Cain III, J.W.1    Morrison, M.L.2    Bombay, H.L.3
  • 52
    • 0031756341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory
    • Sieving KE, Willson MF, (1998) Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory. Ecology 79: 2391-2402.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2391-2402
    • Sieving, K.E.1    Willson, M.F.2
  • 53
    • 12144276093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of forest squirrels to group-selection timber harvesting in the central Sierra Nevada
    • Garrison BA, Wachs RL, Triggs ML, (2005) Responses of forest squirrels to group-selection timber harvesting in the central Sierra Nevada. California Fish and Game 91: 1-20.
    • (2005) California Fish and Game , vol.91 , pp. 1-20
    • Garrison, B.A.1    Wachs, R.L.2    Triggs, M.L.3
  • 54
    • 0032422754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different nest predator faunas and nest predation risk on ground and shrub nests at forest ecotones: an experiment and a review
    • Soderstrom B, Part T, Ryden J, (1998) Different nest predator faunas and nest predation risk on ground and shrub nests at forest ecotones: an experiment and a review. Oecologia 117: 108-118.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.117 , pp. 108-118
    • Soderstrom, B.1    Part, T.2    Ryden, J.3
  • 56
    • 2942534708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to analyzing nest success
    • Shaffer TL, (2004) A unified approach to analyzing nest success. Auk 121: 526-540.
    • (2004) Auk , vol.121 , pp. 526-540
    • Shaffer, T.L.1
  • 57
    • 34547411405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making meaningful estimates of nest survival with model-based methods
    • Shaffer TL, Thompson FR III, (2007) Making meaningful estimates of nest survival with model-based methods. Studies in Avian Biology 34: 84-95.
    • (2007) Studies in Avian Biology , vol.34 , pp. 84-95
    • Shaffer, T.L.1    Thompson III, F.R.2
  • 58
    • 30544441387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA
    • SAS Institute (2008) SAS Version 9.2. Cary, NC, USA.
    • (2008) SAS Version 9.2
  • 60
    • 0036107688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of reproductive effort and success in birds: path analyses of long-term data from European ducks
    • Blums P, Clark RC, Mednis A, (2002) Patterns of reproductive effort and success in birds: path analyses of long-term data from European ducks. Journal of Animal Ecology 71: 280-295.
    • (2002) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 280-295
    • Blums, P.1    Clark, R.C.2    Mednis, A.3
  • 62
    • 0031727706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nesting success in brown-and-yellow Marshbirds: Effects of timing, nest site, and brood parasitism
    • Mermoz ME, Reboreda JC, (1998) Nesting success in brown-and-yellow Marshbirds: Effects of timing, nest site, and brood parasitism. Auk 115: 871-878.
    • (1998) Auk , vol.115 , pp. 871-878
    • Mermoz, M.E.1    Reboreda, J.C.2
  • 65
    • 18744399807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling nest-survival data: a comparison of recently developed methods that can be implemented in MARK and SAS
    • Rotella JJ, Dinsmore SJ, Shaffer TL, (2004) Modeling nest-survival data: a comparison of recently developed methods that can be implemented in MARK and SAS. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27: 187-205.
    • (2004) Animal Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.27 , pp. 187-205
    • Rotella, J.J.1    Dinsmore, S.J.2    Shaffer, T.L.3
  • 67
    • 15344345120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and social effects on reproduction and local recruitment in the red-backed shrike
    • Muller M, Pasinelli G, Schiegg K, Spaar R, Jenni L, (2005) Ecological and social effects on reproduction and local recruitment in the red-backed shrike. Oecologia 143: 37-50.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.143 , pp. 37-50
    • Muller, M.1    Pasinelli, G.2    Schiegg, K.3    Spaar, R.4    Jenni, L.5
  • 68
    • 0037648796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed timing as a strategy to avoid nest-site competition: testing a model using data from starlings and flickers
    • Wiebe KL, (2003) Delayed timing as a strategy to avoid nest-site competition: testing a model using data from starlings and flickers. Oikos 100: 291-298.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.100 , pp. 291-298
    • Wiebe, K.L.1
  • 69
    • 0010287555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of fitness and survival in the Wood Thrush
    • Brown WP, Roth RR, (2002) Temporal patterns of fitness and survival in the Wood Thrush. Ecology 83: 958-969.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 958-969
    • Brown, W.P.1    Roth, R.R.2
  • 71
    • 0028161085 scopus 로고
    • Nesting success in relation to timing of breeding in the corn bunting on North Uist
    • Hartley IR, Shepherd M, (1994) Nesting success in relation to timing of breeding in the corn bunting on North Uist. Ardea 822: 173-184.
    • (1994) Ardea , vol.822 , pp. 173-184
    • Hartley, I.R.1    Shepherd, M.2
  • 72
    • 18044379357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in vegetation effects on density and nesting success of grassland birds
    • Winter M, Johnson DH, Shaffer JA, (2005) Variability in vegetation effects on density and nesting success of grassland birds. Journal of Wildlife Management 69: 185-197.
    • (2005) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.69 , pp. 185-197
    • Winter, M.1    Johnson, D.H.2    Shaffer, J.A.3
  • 73
    • 0001189104 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive success of birds in a deciduous scrub habitat
    • Nolan V Jr, (1963) Reproductive success of birds in a deciduous scrub habitat. Ecology 44: 305-313.
    • (1963) Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 305-313
    • Nolan Jr., V.1
  • 74
    • 0000530463 scopus 로고
    • The nesting ecology and reproductive performance of the eastern meadowlark
    • Roseberry JL, Klimstra WD, (1970) The nesting ecology and reproductive performance of the eastern meadowlark. Wilson Bulletin 82: 243-267.
    • (1970) Wilson Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 243-267
    • Roseberry, J.L.1    Klimstra, W.D.2
  • 75
    • 78650645437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental investment decisions in response to ambient nest predation risk versus actual predation on the prior nest
    • Chalfoun AD, Martin TE, (2010) Parental investment decisions in response to ambient nest predation risk versus actual predation on the prior nest. Condor 112: 701-710.
    • (2010) Condor , vol.112 , pp. 701-710
    • Chalfoun, A.D.1    Martin, T.E.2
  • 76
    • 12944250846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrival timing and seasonal reproductive performance in a long-distance migratory landbird
    • Smith RJ, Moore FR, (2005) Arrival timing and seasonal reproductive performance in a long-distance migratory landbird. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57: 231-239.
    • (2005) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.57 , pp. 231-239
    • Smith, R.J.1    Moore, F.R.2
  • 77
    • 0029659445 scopus 로고
    • Age, arrival date and reproductive success of male American Redstarts Setophaga ruticilla
    • Lozano GA, Perreault S, Lemon RE, (1995) Age, arrival date and reproductive success of male American Redstarts Setophaga ruticilla. Journal of Avian Biology 27: 164-170.
    • (1995) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.27 , pp. 164-170
    • Lozano, G.A.1    Perreault, S.2    Lemon, R.E.3
  • 79
    • 77949435479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there optimal densities for prairie birds?
    • Skagen SK, Yackel-Adams AA, (2010) Are there optimal densities for prairie birds? Condor 112: 8-14.
    • (2010) Condor , vol.112 , pp. 8-14
    • Skagen, S.K.1    Yackel-Adams, A.A.2
  • 80
    • 0035207710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian nesting success in forested landscapes: Influence of landscape composition, stand and nest-patch microhabitat, and biotic interactions
    • Rodewald AD, Yahner RH, (2001) Avian nesting success in forested landscapes: Influence of landscape composition, stand and nest-patch microhabitat, and biotic interactions. Auk 118: 1018-1028.
    • (2001) Auk , vol.118 , pp. 1018-1028
    • Rodewald, A.D.1    Yahner, R.H.2
  • 81
    • 0026498571 scopus 로고
    • Corvid density and nest predation in relation to forest fragmentation: a landscape perspective
    • Andren H, (1992) Corvid density and nest predation in relation to forest fragmentation: a landscape perspective. Ecology 73: 794-804.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 794-804
    • Andren, H.1
  • 82
    • 0022825423 scopus 로고
    • Predation on ground-nesting birds' nests in relation to predator densities and habitat edge
    • Angelstam P, (1986) Predation on ground-nesting birds' nests in relation to predator densities and habitat edge. Oikos 47: 365-373.
    • (1986) Oikos , vol.47 , pp. 365-373
    • Angelstam, P.1
  • 83
    • 33845259544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection responses of parents to offspring predation risk: an experimental test
    • Fontaine JJ, Martin TE, (2006) Habitat selection responses of parents to offspring predation risk: an experimental test. The American Naturalist 168: 811-818.
    • (2006) The American Naturalist , vol.168 , pp. 811-818
    • Fontaine, J.J.1    Martin, T.E.2
  • 85
    • 0025207309 scopus 로고
    • Effects of removal of red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus, on nest predation in a northern hardwood forest: an artificial nest experiment
    • Reitsma LR, Holmes RT, Sherry TW, (1990) Effects of removal of red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus, on nest predation in a northern hardwood forest: an artificial nest experiment. Oikos 57: 375-380.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.57 , pp. 375-380
    • Reitsma, L.R.1    Holmes, R.T.2    Sherry, T.W.3
  • 86
    • 67650281231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal differences in space use by Clark's Nutcrackers in the Cascade Range
    • Lorenz TJ, Sullivan KA, (2009) Seasonal differences in space use by Clark's Nutcrackers in the Cascade Range. Condor 111: 326-340.
    • (2009) Condor , vol.111 , pp. 326-340
    • Lorenz, T.J.1    Sullivan, K.A.2
  • 89
    • 59749087496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vegetation and background noise on the detection process in auditory avian point-count surveys
    • Pacifici K, Simons TR, Pollock KH, (2008) Effects of vegetation and background noise on the detection process in auditory avian point-count surveys. Auk 125: 600-607.
    • (2008) Auk , vol.125 , pp. 600-607
    • Pacifici, K.1    Simons, T.R.2    Pollock, K.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.