메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue , 2007, Pages 377-439

Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation

Author keywords

Continental tectonics; Contractional orogenic belts; Folds and folding; Rheology: crust and lithosphere; Satellite Geodesy; Seismic cycle related deformations; Seismotectonics; Stresses: crust and lithosphere; Tectonics and climatic interactions

Indexed keywords


EID: 84878918434     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-044452748-6.00112-7     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (104)

References (301)
  • 1
    • 0002721184 scopus 로고
    • La détermination des anomalies des champs de potentiel (magnétisme, gravimétrie) et la structure de la lithosphère continentale en Asie.
    • Abtout A (1987) La détermination des anomalies des champs de potentiel (magnétisme, gravimétrie) et la structure de la lithosphère continentale en Asie.
    • (1987)
    • Abtout, A.1
  • 2
    • 0001490956 scopus 로고
    • On the computations of the effect of the attraction of the mountain masses as disturbing the apparent astronomical latitude of stations in geodetic surveys
    • Airy G.B. On the computations of the effect of the attraction of the mountain masses as disturbing the apparent astronomical latitude of stations in geodetic surveys. Philosiophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1855, 145:101-104.
    • (1855) Philosiophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , vol.145 , pp. 101-104
    • Airy, G.B.1
  • 3
    • 0001214868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th century
    • Ambraseys N. Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th century. Current Science 2000, 79:1237-1250.
    • (2000) Current Science , vol.79 , pp. 1237-1250
    • Ambraseys, N.1
  • 4
    • 0006971663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on the kangra M-s=7.8 earthquake of 4 April 1905
    • Ambraseys N., Bilham R. A note on the kangra M-s=7.8 earthquake of 4 April 1905. Current Science 2000, 79:45-50.
    • (2000) Current Science , vol.79 , pp. 45-50
    • Ambraseys, N.1    Bilham, R.2
  • 6
    • 4444381164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on early earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet
    • Ambraseys N., Jackson D. A note on early earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet. Current Science 2003, 84:570-582.
    • (2003) Current Science , vol.84 , pp. 570-582
    • Ambraseys, N.1    Jackson, D.2
  • 7
    • 0003154101 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Neogene Surai Khola section (Siwaliks, SW Nepal)
    • Appel E., Rossler W. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Neogene Surai Khola section (Siwaliks, SW Nepal). Himalayan Geology 1994, 15:63-68.
    • (1994) Himalayan Geology , vol.15 , pp. 63-68
    • Appel, E.1    Rossler, W.2
  • 9
    • 0025964572 scopus 로고
    • Magnetostratigraphy of the Miocene Pleistocene Surai-Khola Siwaliks in west Nepal
    • Appel E., Rosler W., Corvinus G. Magnetostratigraphy of the Miocene Pleistocene Surai-Khola Siwaliks in west Nepal. Geophysical Journal International 1991, 105:191-198.
    • (1991) Geophysical Journal International , vol.105 , pp. 191-198
    • Appel, E.1    Rosler, W.2    Corvinus, G.3
  • 10
    • 0031462748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonothermal evolution of the Lesser Himalaya, Nepal: Constraints from Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from the Kathmandu Nappe
    • Arita K., Dallmeyer R.D., Takasu A. Tectonothermal evolution of the Lesser Himalaya, Nepal: Constraints from Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from the Kathmandu Nappe. Island Arc 1997, 6:372-385.
    • (1997) Island Arc , vol.6 , pp. 372-385
    • Arita, K.1    Dallmeyer, R.D.2    Takasu, A.3
  • 11
    • 0000392139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrust tectonics and uplift proccess of the Nepal Himalaya revealed from fission-track ages (in Japanese with English abstract)
    • Arita K., Ganzawa Y. Thrust tectonics and uplift proccess of the Nepal Himalaya revealed from fission-track ages (in Japanese with English abstract). Journal of Geography (Tokyo Geographical Society) 1997, 106:156-167.
    • (1997) Journal of Geography (Tokyo Geographical Society) , vol.106 , pp. 156-167
    • Arita, K.1    Ganzawa, Y.2
  • 13
    • 0025684075 scopus 로고
    • The granulite eclogite facies transition - A comparison of experimental work and a natural occurrence in the bergen arcs, western Norway
    • Austrheim H. The granulite eclogite facies transition - A comparison of experimental work and a natural occurrence in the bergen arcs, western Norway. Lithos 1990, 25:163-169.
    • (1990) Lithos , vol.25 , pp. 163-169
    • Austrheim, H.1
  • 14
    • 77956755961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain building, erosion and the seismic cycle in the Nepal Himalaya
    • Elsevier, Amsterdam, R. Dmowska (Ed.)
    • Avouac J.P. Mountain building, erosion and the seismic cycle in the Nepal Himalaya. Advances in Geophysics 2003, 1-79. Elsevier, Amsterdam. R. Dmowska (Ed.).
    • (2003) Advances in Geophysics , pp. 1-79
    • Avouac, J.P.1
  • 15
    • 33749048074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2005, M-w 7.6 Kashmir earthquake: Sub-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis
    • Avouac J.P., Ayoub F., Leprince S., Konca O., Helmberger D.V. The 2005, M-w 7.6 Kashmir earthquake: Sub-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 249:514-528.
    • (2006) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.249 , pp. 514-528
    • Avouac, J.P.1    Ayoub, F.2    Leprince, S.3    Konca, O.4    Helmberger, D.V.5
  • 16
    • 0030430595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth
    • Avouac J.P., Burov E.B. Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 1996, 101:17747-17769.
    • (1996) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.101 , pp. 17747-17769
    • Avouac, J.P.1    Burov, E.B.2
  • 17
    • 0027527998 scopus 로고
    • Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia
    • Avouac J., Tapponnier P. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia. Geophysical Research Letters 1993, 20:895-898.
    • (1993) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.20 , pp. 895-898
    • Avouac, J.1    Tapponnier, P.2
  • 18
    • 0000380202 scopus 로고
    • Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien-Shan and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan
    • Avouac J.P., Tapponnier P., Bai M., You H., Wang G. Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien-Shan and Late Cenozoic rotation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 1993, 98:6755-6804.
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.98 , pp. 6755-6804
    • Avouac, J.P.1    Tapponnier, P.2    Bai, M.3    You, H.4    Wang, G.5
  • 19
    • 0021479360 scopus 로고
    • Focal depths and fault plane solutions of earthquakes and active tectonics of the Himalaya
    • Baranowski J., Armbruster J., Seeber L., Molnar P. Focal depths and fault plane solutions of earthquakes and active tectonics of the Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research 1984, 89:6918-6928.
    • (1984) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.89 , pp. 6918-6928
    • Baranowski, J.1    Armbruster, J.2    Seeber, L.3    Molnar, P.4
  • 21
    • 0000964712 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on friction and stress in the Taiwan fold-and-thrust belt from heat flow and geochronology
    • Barr T.D., Dahlen F.A. Constraints on friction and stress in the Taiwan fold-and-thrust belt from heat flow and geochronology. Geology 1990, 18:111-115.
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 111-115
    • Barr, T.D.1    Dahlen, F.A.2
  • 23
    • 0035856951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation
    • Beaumont C., Jamieson R.A., Nguyen M.H., Lee B. Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation. Nature 2001, 414:738-742.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 738-742
    • Beaumont, C.1    Jamieson, R.A.2    Nguyen, M.H.3    Lee, B.4
  • 24
    • 4644306739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal channel flows. Part 1: Numerical models with applications to the tectonics of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen
    • Beaumont C., Jamieson R.A., Nguyen M.H., Medvedev S. Crustal channel flows. Part 1: Numerical models with applications to the tectonics of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 2004, 109:2004.
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.109 , pp. 2004
    • Beaumont, C.1    Jamieson, R.A.2    Nguyen, M.H.3    Medvedev, S.4
  • 25
    • 0028977086 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphic evidence for an early collision between northwest India and Asia
    • Beck R.A., Burbank D.W., Sercombe W.J., et al. Stratigraphic evidence for an early collision between northwest India and Asia. Nature 1995, 373:55-58.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 55-58
    • Beck, R.A.1    Burbank, D.W.2    Sercombe, W.J.3
  • 27
    • 33749079611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements
    • Bettinelli P., Avouac J.P., Flouzat M., et al. Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements. Journal of Geodesy 2006, 80:567-589.
    • (2006) Journal of Geodesy , vol.80 , pp. 567-589
    • Bettinelli, P.1    Avouac, J.P.2    Flouzat, M.3
  • 28
    • 4344644825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal metamorphism in the lesser Himalaya of Nepal determined from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material
    • Beyssac O., Bollinger L., Avouac J.P., Goffe B. Thermal metamorphism in the lesser Himalaya of Nepal determined from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 225:233-241.
    • (2004) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.225 , pp. 233-241
    • Beyssac, O.1    Bollinger, L.2    Avouac, J.P.3    Goffe, B.4
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0000571777 scopus 로고
    • Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous Great Himalayan earthquakes
    • Bilham R. Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous Great Himalayan earthquakes. Current Science 1995, 69:101-128.
    • (1995) Current Science , vol.69 , pp. 101-128
    • Bilham, R.1
  • 31
    • 84882819739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elusive height of Mount Everest: Everest
    • Bilham R. The elusive height of Mount Everest: Everest. National Geographic Society 1997, 26-27.
    • (1997) National Geographic Society , pp. 26-27
    • Bilham, R.1
  • 32
    • 7644220873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthquakes in India and the Himalaya: Tectonics, geodesy and history
    • Bilham R. Earthquakes in India and the Himalaya: Tectonics, geodesy and history. Annals of Geophysics 2004, 47:839-858.
    • (2004) Annals of Geophysics , vol.47 , pp. 839-858
    • Bilham, R.1
  • 33
    • 21344440827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent Himalayan slip deficit from the summation of seismic moments for Himalayan earthquakes, 1500-2000
    • Bilham R., Ambraseys N. Apparent Himalayan slip deficit from the summation of seismic moments for Himalayan earthquakes, 1500-2000. Current Science 2005, 88:1658-1663.
    • (2005) Current Science , vol.88 , pp. 1658-1663
    • Bilham, R.1    Ambraseys, N.2
  • 34
    • 0000707745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geodetic constraints on the translation and deformation of India: Implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes
    • Bilham R., Blume F., Bendick R., Gaur V.K. Geodetic constraints on the translation and deformation of India: Implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes. Current Science 1998, 74:213-229.
    • (1998) Current Science , vol.74 , pp. 213-229
    • Bilham, R.1    Blume, F.2    Bendick, R.3    Gaur, V.K.4
  • 35
    • 0030620637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya
    • Bilham R., Larson K., Freymueller J. GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya. Nature 1997, 386:61-64.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 61-64
    • Bilham, R.1    Larson, K.2    Freymueller, J.3
  • 36
    • 18844399775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future Mw>8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: Implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw=9.0 earthquake on India's eastern plate margin
    • Bilham R., Wallace K. Future Mw>8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: Implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw=9.0 earthquake on India's eastern plate margin. Geological Survey of India Special Publication 2005, 85:1-14.
    • (2005) Geological Survey of India Special Publication , vol.85 , pp. 1-14
    • Bilham, R.1    Wallace, K.2
  • 37
    • 0026304152 scopus 로고
    • Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography, in the isostatic limit
    • Bird P. Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography, in the isostatic limit. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth and Planets 1991, 96:10275-10286.
    • (1991) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth and Planets , vol.96 , pp. 10275-10286
    • Bird, P.1
  • 38
    • 0026062774 scopus 로고
    • Fault stability inferred from granite sliding experiments at hydrothermal conditions
    • Blanpied M.L., Lockner D.A., Byerlee J.D. Fault stability inferred from granite sliding experiments at hydrothermal conditions. Geophysical Research Letters 1991, 18:609-612.
    • (1991) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.18 , pp. 609-612
    • Blanpied, M.L.1    Lockner, D.A.2    Byerlee, J.D.3
  • 40
    • 11944273223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Déformation de l'Himalaya du Népal, PhD Thesis
    • University of Paris-Sud XI.
    • Bollinger L (2002) Déformation de l'Himalaya du Népal, PhD Thesis, 400 pp, University of Paris-Sud XI.
    • (2002) , pp. 400
    • Bollinger, L.1
  • 41
    • 11944252108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal structure and exhumation history of the lesser Himalaya in central Nepal
    • Bollinger L., Avouac J.P., Beyssac O., et al. Thermal structure and exhumation history of the lesser Himalaya in central Nepal. Tectonics 2004, 23. 10.1029/2003TC001564.
    • (2004) Tectonics , vol.23
    • Bollinger, L.1    Avouac, J.P.2    Beyssac, O.3
  • 44
    • 0000391081 scopus 로고
    • Stress diffusion from plate boundaries
    • Bott M.H.P., Dean D.S. Stress diffusion from plate boundaries. Nature 1973, 243:339-341.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.243 , pp. 339-341
    • Bott, M.H.P.1    Dean, D.S.2
  • 45
    • 0030779377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic, thermal and petrological model of the Central Alps: Lepontine metamorphism in the upper crust and eclogitisation of the lower crust
    • Bousquet R., Goffe B., Henry P., LePichon X., Chopin C. Kinematic, thermal and petrological model of the Central Alps: Lepontine metamorphism in the upper crust and eclogitisation of the lower crust. Tectonophysics 1997, 273:105-127.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.273 , pp. 105-127
    • Bousquet, R.1    Goffe, B.2    Henry, P.3    LePichon, X.4    Chopin, C.5
  • 47
    • 0030439153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bright spots, structure, and magmatism in southern Tibet from INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling
    • Brown L.D., Zhao W., Nelson K.D., et al. Bright spots, structure, and magmatism in southern Tibet from INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling. Science 1996, 274:1688-1690.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1688-1690
    • Brown, L.D.1    Zhao, W.2    Nelson, K.D.3
  • 48
    • 0004080825 scopus 로고
    • Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles en Himalaya
    • (Népal oriental et Himalaya du Nord-Ouest), Thèse doctorat d'État Thesis, Paris VII, Paris.
    • Brunel M (1983) Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles en Himalaya (Népal oriental et Himalaya du Nord-Ouest), Thèse doctorat d'État Thesis, Paris VII, Paris.
    • (1983)
    • Brunel, M.1
  • 49
    • 84982694001 scopus 로고
    • Ductile thrusting in the Himalaya - Shear sense criteria and stretching lineations
    • Brunel M. Ductile thrusting in the Himalaya - Shear sense criteria and stretching lineations. Tectonics 1986, 5:247-265.
    • (1986) Tectonics , vol.5 , pp. 247-265
    • Brunel, M.1
  • 50
    • 0342739086 scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis and tectonic evolution of the central Himalaya of Nepal
    • Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New-Delhi, P.S. Saklani (Ed.)
    • Brunel M., Colchen M., Le Fort P., Mascle G., Pêcher A. Structural analysis and tectonic evolution of the central Himalaya of Nepal. Structural Geology of the Himalaya 1979, 247-264. Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New-Delhi. P.S. Saklani (Ed.).
    • (1979) Structural Geology of the Himalaya , pp. 247-264
    • Brunel, M.1    Colchen, M.2    Le Fort, P.3    Mascle, G.4    Pêcher, A.5
  • 51
    • 0022850093 scopus 로고
    • Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles himalayens sur la transversale de l'Everest-Makalu (Népal oriental)
    • Brunel M., Kienast J.R. Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles himalayens sur la transversale de l'Everest-Makalu (Népal oriental). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1986, 23:1117-1137.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.23 , pp. 1117-1137
    • Brunel, M.1    Kienast, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 0027094594 scopus 로고
    • Causes of recent Himalayan uplift deduced from deposited patterns in the Ganges Basin
    • Burbank D.W. Causes of recent Himalayan uplift deduced from deposited patterns in the Ganges Basin. Nature 1992, 357:680-683.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 680-683
    • Burbank, D.W.1
  • 54
    • 0347815506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalaya
    • Burbank D.W., Blythe A.E., Putkonen J., et al. Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalaya. Letters to Nature 2003, 426:652-655.
    • (2003) Letters to Nature , vol.426 , pp. 652-655
    • Burbank, D.W.1    Blythe, A.E.2    Putkonen, J.3
  • 55
    • 0029773238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalaya
    • Burbank D.W., Leland J., Fielding E., et al. Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalaya. Nature 1996, 379:505-510.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 505-510
    • Burbank, D.W.1    Leland, J.2    Fielding, E.3
  • 56
    • 84879650705 scopus 로고
    • The southern Tibetan detachment system, Himalayan Orogen: Extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt
    • Burchfiel B.C., Zhiliang C., Hodges K.V., et al. The southern Tibetan detachment system, Himalayan Orogen: Extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt. Geological Society of America Special Paper 1992, 269:1-41.
    • (1992) Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.269 , pp. 1-41
    • Burchfiel, B.C.1    Zhiliang, C.2    Hodges, K.V.3
  • 57
    • 0026457744 scopus 로고
    • Himalayan orogen and global tectonics seen from the Tsangpo suture zone of Tibet (China)
    • Oxford & IBH Publishing, New-Delhi, A.K. Sinha (Ed.)
    • Burg J.P. Himalayan orogen and global tectonics seen from the Tsangpo suture zone of Tibet (China). Himalayan Orogen and Global Tectonics 1983, 35-44. Oxford & IBH Publishing, New-Delhi. A.K. Sinha (Ed.).
    • (1983) Himalayan Orogen and Global Tectonics , pp. 35-44
    • Burg, J.P.1
  • 58
    • 0021283054 scopus 로고
    • Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline Main Central Sheet in southern Tibet (China)
    • Burg J.P., Brunel M., Gapais D., Chen G.M., Liu G.H. Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline Main Central Sheet in southern Tibet (China). Journal of Structural Geology 1984, 6:532-542.
    • (1984) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.6 , pp. 532-542
    • Burg, J.P.1    Brunel, M.2    Gapais, D.3    Chen, G.M.4    Liu, G.H.5
  • 60
    • 0028830548 scopus 로고
    • The effective elastic thickness (T-E) of continental lithosphere - What does it really mean?
    • Burov E.B., Diament M. The effective elastic thickness (T-E) of continental lithosphere - What does it really mean?. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 1995, 100:3905-3927.
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.100 , pp. 3905-3927
    • Burov, E.B.1    Diament, M.2
  • 62
    • 0023470460 scopus 로고
    • Flow properties of continental lithosphere
    • Carter N.L., Tsenn M.C. Flow properties of continental lithosphere. Tectonophysics 1987, 136:27-63.
    • (1987) Tectonophysics , vol.136 , pp. 27-63
    • Carter, N.L.1    Tsenn, M.C.2
  • 63
    • 0034812302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya
    • Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Kohn M.J., et al. Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 2001, 106:16177-16204.
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.106 , pp. 16177-16204
    • Catlos, E.J.1    Harrison, T.M.2    Kohn, M.J.3
  • 64
    • 0036255127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Records of the evolution of the Himalayan orogen from in situ Th-Pb ion microprobe dating of monazite: Eastern Nepal and western Garhwal
    • Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Manning C.E., et al. Records of the evolution of the Himalayan orogen from in situ Th-Pb ion microprobe dating of monazite: Eastern Nepal and western Garhwal. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2002, 20:459-479.
    • (2002) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , vol.20 , pp. 459-479
    • Catlos, E.J.1    Harrison, T.M.2    Manning, C.E.3
  • 65
    • 0034631203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling mountain building and the seismic cycle in the Himalaya of Nepal
    • Cattin R., Avouac J.P. Modeling mountain building and the seismic cycle in the Himalaya of Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 2000, 105:13389-13407.
    • (2000) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.105 , pp. 13389-13407
    • Cattin, R.1    Avouac, J.P.2
  • 67
    • 0024944850 scopus 로고
    • Southern limits of major earthquake ruptures along the Himalaya between longitudes 75-degrees and 90-degrees-E
    • Chander R. Southern limits of major earthquake ruptures along the Himalaya between longitudes 75-degrees and 90-degrees-E. Tectonophysics 1989, 170:115-123.
    • (1989) Tectonophysics , vol.170 , pp. 115-123
    • Chander, R.1
  • 68
    • 0001513341 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts
    • Chapple W.M. Mechanics of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1978, 89:1189-1198.
    • (1978) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.89 , pp. 1189-1198
    • Chapple, W.M.1
  • 69
    • 0034651118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary model of the Himalaya-Tibet system: Geopoem based on new modelling, geological and geophysical data
    • Chemenda A.I., Burg J.P., Mattauer M. Evolutionary model of the Himalaya-Tibet system: Geopoem based on new modelling, geological and geophysical data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 174:397-409.
    • (2000) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.174 , pp. 397-409
    • Chemenda, A.I.1    Burg, J.P.2    Mattauer, M.3
  • 71
    • 0001512239 scopus 로고
    • Seismic moments of major earthquakes and average rate of slip in central Asia
    • Chen W.P., Molnar P. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and average rate of slip in central Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research 1977, 82:2945-2969.
    • (1977) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.82 , pp. 2945-2969
    • Chen, W.P.1    Molnar, P.2
  • 72
    • 84879883486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow
    • Clark M.K., Royden L.H. Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow. Geology 2000, 28:703-706.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 703-706
    • Clark, M.K.1    Royden, L.H.2
  • 73
    • 3543120484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern Tibet from large-scale drainage patterns
    • Clark M.K., Schoenbohm L.M., Royden L.H., et al. Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern Tibet from large-scale drainage patterns. Tectonics 2004, 23:TC1006.
    • (2004) Tectonics , vol.23
    • Clark, M.K.1    Schoenbohm, L.M.2    Royden, L.H.3
  • 75
    • 77956722485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical models of crustal deformation in seismic zones
    • Cohen S.C. Numerical models of crustal deformation in seismic zones. Advances in Geophysics 1999, 41:134-231.
    • (1999) Advances in Geophysics , vol.41 , pp. 134-231
    • Cohen, S.C.1
  • 76
    • 0002462255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The when and where of the growth of the Himalaya and the Tibetan plateau
    • Plenum Press, New York, W.F. Ruddiman (Ed.)
    • Copeland P. The when and where of the growth of the Himalaya and the Tibetan plateau. Tectonic Uplift and Climatic Change 1997, 19-40. Plenum Press, New York. W.F. Ruddiman (Ed.).
    • (1997) Tectonic Uplift and Climatic Change , pp. 19-40
    • Copeland, P.1
  • 78
    • 0023816357 scopus 로고
    • The Mio-Plio-pleistocene litho- and bio-stratigraphy of the Surai khola Siwaliks in west Nepal: First results
    • Corvinus G. The Mio-Plio-pleistocene litho- and bio-stratigraphy of the Surai khola Siwaliks in west Nepal: First results. Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences Paris, Série D 1988, 306:1471-1477.
    • (1988) Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences Paris, Série D , vol.306 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Corvinus, G.1
  • 79
    • 0030453668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rupture history and seismotectonics of the 1991 Uttarkashi, Himalaya earthquake
    • Cotton F., Campillo M., Deschamps A., Rastogi B.K. Rupture history and seismotectonics of the 1991 Uttarkashi, Himalaya earthquake. Tectonophysics 1996, 258:35-51.
    • (1996) Tectonophysics , vol.258 , pp. 35-51
    • Cotton, F.1    Campillo, M.2    Deschamps, A.3    Rastogi, B.K.4
  • 80
    • 15744386150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Miocene paleoaltimetry of southern Tibet: Implications for the role of mantle thickening and delamination in the Himalayan orogen
    • Currie B.S., Rowley D.B., Tabor J. Middle Miocene paleoaltimetry of southern Tibet: Implications for the role of mantle thickening and delamination in the Himalayan orogen. Geology 2005, 33:181-184.
    • (2005) Geology , vol.33 , pp. 181-184
    • Currie, B.S.1    Rowley, D.B.2    Tabor, J.3
  • 81
    • 34548583795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the shortening history of a fault-tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation
    • Daeron M., Avouac J.P., Charreau J. Modeling the shortening history of a fault-tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B03S13.
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Daeron, M.1    Avouac, J.P.2    Charreau, J.3
  • 82
    • 0025692921 scopus 로고
    • Critical taper model of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges
    • Dahlen F.A. Critical taper model of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1990, 18:55-99.
    • (1990) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.18 , pp. 55-99
    • Dahlen, F.A.1
  • 84
    • 0021521069 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges: Cohesive Coulomb theory
    • Dahlen F.A., Suppe J., Davis D. Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges: Cohesive Coulomb theory. Journal of Geophysical Research 1984, 89:10087-10101.
    • (1984) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.89 , pp. 10087-10101
    • Dahlen, F.A.1    Suppe, J.2    Davis, D.3
  • 86
    • 0028837773 scopus 로고
    • Slab breakoff - A model of lithosphere detachment and its test in the magmatism and deformation of collisional orogens
    • Davies J.H., Vonblanckenburg F. Slab breakoff - A model of lithosphere detachment and its test in the magmatism and deformation of collisional orogens. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1995, 129:85-102.
    • (1995) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.129 , pp. 85-102
    • Davies, J.H.1    Vonblanckenburg, F.2
  • 87
    • 0020684081 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges
    • Davis D., Suppe J., Dahlen F.A. Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges. Journal of Geophysical Research 1983, 88:1153-1172.
    • (1983) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.88 , pp. 1153-1172
    • Davis, D.1    Suppe, J.2    Dahlen, F.A.3
  • 88
    • 0031811058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neogene foreland basin deposits, erosional unroofing, and the kinematic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, western Nepal
    • DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Quade J., Ojha T.P., Kapp P.A., Upreti B.N. Neogene foreland basin deposits, erosional unroofing, and the kinematic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, western Nepal. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1998, 110:2-21.
    • (1998) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.110 , pp. 2-21
    • DeCelles, P.G.1    Gehrels, G.E.2    Quade, J.3    Ojha, T.P.4    Kapp, P.A.5    Upreti, B.N.6
  • 89
    • 0034850737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal
    • DeCelles P.G., Robinson D.M., Quade J., et al. Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal. Tectonics 2001, 20:487-509.
    • (2001) Tectonics , vol.20 , pp. 487-509
    • DeCelles, P.G.1    Robinson, D.M.2    Quade, J.3
  • 90
    • 0005285910 scopus 로고
    • Dynamique et évolution structurale du piémont frontal de l'Himalaya: Les Siwaliks du Népal oriental
    • Delcaillau B. Dynamique et évolution structurale du piémont frontal de l'Himalaya: Les Siwaliks du Népal oriental. Revue de Géologie Dynamique et de Géographie Physique 1986, 27:319-337.
    • (1986) Revue de Géologie Dynamique et de Géographie Physique , vol.27 , pp. 319-337
    • Delcaillau, B.1
  • 91
    • 0031961218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence of active deformation in the eastern Indian Ocean plate
    • Deplus C., Diament M., Hebert H., et al. Direct evidence of active deformation in the eastern Indian Ocean plate. Geology 1998, 26:131-134.
    • (1998) Geology , vol.26 , pp. 131-134
    • Deplus, C.1    Diament, M.2    Hebert, H.3
  • 92
    • 0002284205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Himalayan weathering and erosion fluxes: Climate and tectonic controls
    • Plenum, New York, W.F. Ruddiman (Ed.)
    • Derry L.A., France-Lanord C. Himalayan weathering and erosion fluxes: Climate and tectonic controls. Tectonic Uplift and Climatic Change 1997, 289-312. Plenum, New York. W.F. Ruddiman (Ed.).
    • (1997) Tectonic Uplift and Climatic Change , pp. 289-312
    • Derry, L.A.1    France-Lanord, C.2
  • 93
    • 0034431625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dating the Indian continental subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites
    • DeSigoyer J., Chavagnac V., Blichert-Toft J., et al. Dating the Indian continental subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites. Geology 2000, 28:487-490.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 487-490
    • DeSigoyer, J.1    Chavagnac, V.2    Blichert-Toft, J.3
  • 94
  • 95
    • 77950792882 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of rock friction. Part 1: Experimental results and constitutive equations
    • Dieterich J.H. Modeling of rock friction. Part 1: Experimental results and constitutive equations. Journal of Geophysical Research 1979, 84:2161-2168.
    • (1979) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.84 , pp. 2161-2168
    • Dieterich, J.H.1
  • 96
    • 25444488241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India-Asia collision, south central Tibet
    • Ding L., Kapp P., Wan X.Q. Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India-Asia collision, south central Tibet. Tectonics 2005, 24:TC3001.
    • (2005) Tectonics , vol.24
    • Ding, L.1    Kapp, P.2    Wan, X.Q.3
  • 97
    • 0031390868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermomechanical evolution of a ductile duplex
    • Dunlap W.J., Hirth G., Teyssier C. Thermomechanical evolution of a ductile duplex. Tectonics 1997, 16:983-1000.
    • (1997) Tectonics , vol.16 , pp. 983-1000
    • Dunlap, W.J.1    Hirth, G.2    Teyssier, C.3
  • 99
    • 84879885640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal source of radiogenic Sr to Himalayan rivers
    • Evans M.J., Derry L.A., Anderson S.P., France-Lanord C. Hydrothermal source of radiogenic Sr to Himalayan rivers. Geology 2001, 29:803-806.
    • (2001) Geology , vol.29 , pp. 803-806
    • Evans, M.J.1    Derry, L.A.2    Anderson, S.P.3    France-Lanord, C.4
  • 100
    • 33750878281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Great Himalayan earthquakes and the Tibetan plateau
    • Feldl N., Bilham R. Great Himalayan earthquakes and the Tibetan plateau. Nature 2006, 444:165-170.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 165-170
    • Feldl, N.1    Bilham, R.2
  • 101
    • 0041398529 scopus 로고
    • The quaternary sedimentary evolution of the intra-montane basin of Pokhara in relation to the Himalaya Midlands and their hinterland (west central Nepal)
    • Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra-Dun, India, A.K. Sinha (Ed.)
    • Fort M., Freytet P., Colchen M. The quaternary sedimentary evolution of the intra-montane basin of Pokhara in relation to the Himalaya Midlands and their hinterland (west central Nepal). Contemporary Geoscientific Researches in Himalaya 1983, 91-96. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra-Dun, India. A.K. Sinha (Ed.).
    • (1983) Contemporary Geoscientific Researches in Himalaya , pp. 91-96
    • Fort, M.1    Freytet, P.2    Colchen, M.3
  • 102
    • 0030693985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic carbon burial forcing of the carbon cycle from Himalayan erosion
    • France-Lanord C., Derry L.A. Organic carbon burial forcing of the carbon cycle from Himalayan erosion. Nature 1997, 390:65-67.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 65-67
    • France-Lanord, C.1    Derry, L.A.2
  • 103
  • 104
    • 84879887443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High times on the Tibetan plateau: Paleoelevation of the Thakkhola graben, Nepal
    • Garzione C.N., Dettman D.L., Quade J., DeCelles P.G., Butler R.F. High times on the Tibetan plateau: Paleoelevation of the Thakkhola graben, Nepal. Geology 2000, 28:339-342.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 339-342
    • Garzione, C.N.1    Dettman, D.L.2    Quade, J.3    DeCelles, P.G.4    Butler, R.F.5
  • 105
    • 0028323857 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Siwalik Group sediments of Tinau khola section in west central Nepal, revisited
    • Gautam P., Appel E. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Siwalik Group sediments of Tinau khola section in west central Nepal, revisited. Geophysical Journal International 1994, 17:223-234.
    • (1994) Geophysical Journal International , vol.17 , pp. 223-234
    • Gautam, P.1    Appel, E.2
  • 106
    • 16644381521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of mountain building: Interplay between erosion law and crustal rheology
    • Godard V., Cattin R., Lave J. Numerical modeling of mountain building: Interplay between erosion law and crustal rheology. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31. 10.1029/2004GL021006.
    • (2004) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.31
    • Godard, V.1    Cattin, R.2    Lave, J.3
  • 107
    • 33646425567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modelling of erosion processes in the Himalaya of Nepal: Effects of spatial variations of rock strength and precipitation
    • Geological Society of London, London, S.J.H. Buiter, G. Schreurs (Eds.)
    • Godard V., Lave J., Cattin R. Numerical modelling of erosion processes in the Himalaya of Nepal: Effects of spatial variations of rock strength and precipitation. Geological Society, Special Publications: Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes 2006, 341-358. Geological Society of London, London. S.J.H. Buiter, G. Schreurs (Eds.).
    • (2006) Geological Society, Special Publications: Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes , pp. 341-358
    • Godard, V.1    Lave, J.2    Cattin, R.3
  • 108
    • 0025623233 scopus 로고
    • Kinematic constraints on distributed lithospheric deformation in the equatorial Indian-Ocean from present motion between the Australian and Indian Plates
    • Gordon R.G., Demets C., Argus D.F. Kinematic constraints on distributed lithospheric deformation in the equatorial Indian-Ocean from present motion between the Australian and Indian Plates. Tectonics 1990, 9:409-422.
    • (1990) Tectonics , vol.9 , pp. 409-422
    • Gordon, R.G.1    Demets, C.2    Argus, D.F.3
  • 109
    • 0024889250 scopus 로고
    • Crustal shortening, root spreading, isostasy, and the growth of orogenic belts: A dimensional analysis
    • Gratton J. Crustal shortening, root spreading, isostasy, and the growth of orogenic belts: A dimensional analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94:15627-15634.
    • (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.94 , pp. 15627-15634
    • Gratton, J.1
  • 110
    • 0030439853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ductile extrusion of the higher Himalayan crystalline in Bhutan: Evidence from quartz microfabrics
    • Grujic D., Casey M., Davidson C., et al. Ductile extrusion of the higher Himalayan crystalline in Bhutan: Evidence from quartz microfabrics. Tectonophysics 1996, 260:21-43.
    • (1996) Tectonophysics , vol.260 , pp. 21-43
    • Grujic, D.1    Casey, M.2    Davidson, C.3
  • 111
    • 0033500130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the metamorphic evolution in central Nepal
    • Guillot S. An overview of the metamorphic evolution in central Nepal. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 1999, 17:713-725.
    • (1999) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 713-725
    • Guillot, S.1
  • 112
    • 0031350054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eclogitic metasediments from the Tso Morari area (Ladakh, Himalaya): Evidence for continental subduction during the India-Asia convergence
    • Guillot S., De Sigoyer J., Lardeaux J.M., Mascle G. Eclogitic metasediments from the Tso Morari area (Ladakh, Himalaya): Evidence for continental subduction during the India-Asia convergence. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1997, 128:197-212.
    • (1997) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.128 , pp. 197-212
    • Guillot, S.1    De Sigoyer, J.2    Lardeaux, J.M.3    Mascle, G.4
  • 113
    • 0032052846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material transfer in accretionary wedges from analysis of a systematic series of analog experiments
    • Gutscher M.A., Kukowski N., Malavieille J., Lallemand S. Material transfer in accretionary wedges from analysis of a systematic series of analog experiments. Journal of Structural Geology 1998, 20:407-416.
    • (1998) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.20 , pp. 407-416
    • Gutscher, M.A.1    Kukowski, N.2    Malavieille, J.3    Lallemand, S.4
  • 114
    • 0027470361 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic preservation of himalayan/tibetan uplift, denudation, and climatic histories of two molasse deposits
    • Harrison T.M., Copeland P., Hall S.A., et al. Isotopic preservation of himalayan/tibetan uplift, denudation, and climatic histories of two molasse deposits. The Journal of Geology 1993, 101:157-175.
    • (1993) The Journal of Geology , vol.101 , pp. 157-175
    • Harrison, T.M.1    Copeland, P.2    Hall, S.A.3
  • 119
    • 0031423528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of plate deformation and stress in subduction processes using two-dimensional numerical models
    • Hassani R., Jongmans D., Chery J. Study of plate deformation and stress in subduction processes using two-dimensional numerical models. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:17951-17965.
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , pp. 17951-17965
    • Hassani, R.1    Jongmans, D.2    Chery, J.3
  • 120
    • 0031743538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal structure of the himalayan orogen at 90deg east longitude from project INDEPTH deep reflection profiles
    • Hauck M.L., Nelson K.D., Brown L.D., Zhao W., Ross A.R. Crustal structure of the himalayan orogen at 90deg east longitude from project INDEPTH deep reflection profiles. Tectonics 1998, 17:481-500.
    • (1998) Tectonics , vol.17 , pp. 481-500
    • Hauck, M.L.1    Nelson, K.D.2    Brown, L.D.3    Zhao, W.4    Ross, A.R.5
  • 121
    • 84879880565 scopus 로고
    • Sedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent deformation in the Tien Shan: Evidence from Mesozoic strata of the north Tarim, south Junggar, and Turpan basins, northwest China
    • Hendrix M.S., Graham S.A., Caroll A.R., et al. Sedimentary record and climatic implications of recurrent deformation in the Tien Shan: Evidence from Mesozoic strata of the north Tarim, south Junggar, and Turpan basins, northwest China. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1992, 104:53-79.
    • (1992) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 53-79
    • Hendrix, M.S.1    Graham, S.A.2    Caroll, A.R.3
  • 122
    • 0030733310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic, thermal and petrological model of the Himalaya; constraints related to metamorphism within the underthrust Indian crust and topographic elevation
    • Henry P., Le Pichon X., Goffe B. Kinematic, thermal and petrological model of the Himalaya; constraints related to metamorphism within the underthrust Indian crust and topographic elevation. Tectonophysics 1997, 273:31-56.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.273 , pp. 31-56
    • Henry, P.1    Le Pichon, X.2    Goffe, B.3
  • 123
    • 33845346451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effective elastic thickness of the India Plate from receiver function imaging, gravity anomalies and thermomechanical modelling
    • Hetenyi G., Cattin R., Vergne J., Nabelek J.L. The effective elastic thickness of the India Plate from receiver function imaging, gravity anomalies and thermomechanical modelling. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 167:1106-1118.
    • (2006) Geophysical Journal International , vol.167 , pp. 1106-1118
    • Hetenyi, G.1    Cattin, R.2    Vergne, J.3    Nabelek, J.L.4
  • 124
    • 2542454693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady state erosion of critical Coulomb wedges with applications to Taiwan and the Himalaya
    • Hilley G.E., Strecker M.R. Steady state erosion of critical Coulomb wedges with applications to Taiwan and the Himalaya. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:B011411.
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.109
    • Hilley, G.E.1    Strecker, M.R.2
  • 125
    • 0021613839 scopus 로고
    • Main features of the upper lithosphere in the unit between the High Himalaya and the Yarlung Zangpo Jiang suture
    • Hirn A., Jobert G., Xu Z.X., Gao E.Y. Main features of the upper lithosphere in the unit between the High Himalaya and the Yarlung Zangpo Jiang suture. Annales Geophysicae 1984, 2:1984.
    • (1984) Annales Geophysicae , vol.2 , pp. 1984
    • Hirn, A.1    Jobert, G.2    Xu, Z.X.3    Gao, E.Y.4
  • 126
    • 77954378901 scopus 로고
    • The Himalayan zone of crustal interaction
    • Hirn A., Sapin M. The Himalayan zone of crustal interaction. Annales Geophysicae 1984, 39:205-249.
    • (1984) Annales Geophysicae , vol.39 , pp. 205-249
    • Hirn, A.1    Sapin, M.2
  • 127
    • 0001651292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna range, Nepalese Himalaya
    • Hodges K.V., Parrish R., Searle M.P. Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna range, Nepalese Himalaya. Tectonics 1996, 15:1264-1291.
    • (1996) Tectonics , vol.15 , pp. 1264-1291
    • Hodges, K.V.1    Parrish, R.2    Searle, M.P.3
  • 128
    • 1942505327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaternary deformation, river steepening, and heavy precipitation at the front of the Higher Himalayan ranges
    • Hodges K.V., Wobus C., Ruhl K., Schildgen T., Whipple K. Quaternary deformation, river steepening, and heavy precipitation at the front of the Higher Himalayan ranges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 220:379-389.
    • (2004) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.220 , pp. 379-389
    • Hodges, K.V.1    Wobus, C.2    Ruhl, K.3    Schildgen, T.4    Whipple, K.5
  • 129
    • 26044441575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the 1897 Shillong and 1905 Kangra earthquakes in northern India: Site response, Moho reflections and a Triggered earthquake
    • Hough S., Bilham R., Ambraseys N., Feldl N. Revisiting the 1897 Shillong and 1905 Kangra earthquakes in northern India: Site response, Moho reflections and a Triggered earthquake. Current Science 2005, 88(10):1632-1638.
    • (2005) Current Science , vol.88 , Issue.10 , pp. 1632-1638
    • Hough, S.1    Bilham, R.2    Ambraseys, N.3    Feldl, N.4
  • 130
    • 0000332131 scopus 로고
    • Finite strain calculations of continental deformation. Part 1: Method and general results for convergent zones
    • Houseman G.A., England P.E. Finite strain calculations of continental deformation. Part 1: Method and general results for convergent zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:3651-3663.
    • (1986) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.91 , pp. 3651-3663
    • Houseman, G.A.1    England, P.E.2
  • 131
    • 0019709579 scopus 로고
    • Convective instability of a thickened boundary-layer and its relevance for the thermal evolution of continental convergent belts
    • Houseman G.A., McKenzie D.P., Molnar P. Convective instability of a thickened boundary-layer and its relevance for the thermal evolution of continental convergent belts. Journal of Geophysical Research 1981, 86:6115-6132.
    • (1981) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.86 , pp. 6115-6132
    • Houseman, G.A.1    McKenzie, D.P.2    Molnar, P.3
  • 132
    • 0024567449 scopus 로고
    • Thermobarometric constraints on the thermal history of the Main Central Thrust zone and Tibetan slab, eastern Nepal
    • Hubbard M.S. Thermobarometric constraints on the thermal history of the Main Central Thrust zone and Tibetan slab, eastern Nepal. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1986, 7:19-30.
    • (1986) Journal of Metamorphic Geology , vol.7 , pp. 19-30
    • Hubbard, M.S.1
  • 133
    • 0030460957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ductile shear as a cause of inverted metamorphism: Example from the Nepal Himalaya
    • Hubbard M.S. Ductile shear as a cause of inverted metamorphism: Example from the Nepal Himalaya. The Journal of Geology 1996, 104:493-499.
    • (1996) The Journal of Geology , vol.104 , pp. 493-499
    • Hubbard, M.S.1
  • 134
    • 0025955871 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on unroofing rates in the High Himalaya, eastern Nepal
    • Hubbard M.S., Royden L., Hodges K. Constraints on unroofing rates in the High Himalaya, eastern Nepal. Tectonics 1991, 10:287-298.
    • (1991) Tectonics , vol.10 , pp. 287-298
    • Hubbard, M.S.1    Royden, L.2    Hodges, K.3
  • 135
    • 84873600810 scopus 로고
    • Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting. Part I: Mechanics of fluid-filled porous solids and its application to overthrust faulting
    • Hubbert M.K., Rubey W.W. Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting. Part I: Mechanics of fluid-filled porous solids and its application to overthrust faulting. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1959, 79:115-166.
    • (1959) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.79 , pp. 115-166
    • Hubbert, M.K.1    Rubey, W.W.2
  • 136
    • 0033542346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the relationships between basin morphology, tectonic uplift, and denudation from the study of an active fold belt in the Siwalik Hills, central Nepal
    • Hurtrez J.-E., Lucazeau F., Lave' J., Avouac J.-P. Investigation of the relationships between basin morphology, tectonic uplift, and denudation from the study of an active fold belt in the Siwalik Hills, central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:12779-712796.
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.104 , pp. 12779-712796
    • Hurtrez, J.-E.1    Lucazeau, F.2    Lave', J.3    Avouac, J.-P.4
  • 137
    • 13944271773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subduction zone backarcs, mobile belts, and orogenic heat
    • Hyndman R., Currie C.A., Mazzotti S.P. Subduction zone backarcs, mobile belts, and orogenic heat. GSA Today 2005, 15:4-10.
    • (2005) GSA Today , vol.15 , pp. 4-10
    • Hyndman, R.1    Currie, C.A.2    Mazzotti, S.P.3
  • 138
  • 139
    • 84879889593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation of the thrust system and erosion in the Lesser Himalaya: Geochemical and sedimentological evidence
    • Huyghe P., Galy A., Mugnier J.-L., France-Lanord C. Propagation of the thrust system and erosion in the Lesser Himalaya: Geochemical and sedimentological evidence. Geology 2001, 29:1007-1010.
    • (2001) Geology , vol.29 , pp. 1007-1010
    • Huyghe, P.1    Galy, A.2    Mugnier, J.-L.3    France-Lanord, C.4
  • 140
    • 0000159740 scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene and Holocene moraines in the Sagarmatha region, Khumbu Himal
    • Iwata S. Late Pleistocene and Holocene moraines in the Sagarmatha region, Khumbu Himal. Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice 1976, 38:115-119.
    • (1976) Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice , vol.38 , pp. 115-119
    • Iwata, S.1
  • 141
    • 3543050703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastability, mechanical strength, and the support of mountain belts
    • Jackson J.A., Austrheim H., McKenzie D., Priestley K. Metastability, mechanical strength, and the support of mountain belts. Geology 2004, 32:625-628.
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 625-628
    • Jackson, J.A.1    Austrheim, H.2    McKenzie, D.3    Priestley, K.4
  • 142
    • 0028592871 scopus 로고
    • 1991-1992 GPS measurements across the Nepal Himalaya
    • Jackson M., Bilham R. 1991-1992 GPS measurements across the Nepal Himalaya. Geophysical Research Letters 1994, 21:1169-1172.
    • (1994) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.21 , pp. 1169-1172
    • Jackson, M.1    Bilham, R.2
  • 143
    • 0028562975 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on Himalayan deformation inferred from vertical velocity fields in Nepal and Tibet
    • Jackson M., Bilham R. Constraints on Himalayan deformation inferred from vertical velocity fields in Nepal and Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:13897-13919.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 13897-13919
    • Jackson, M.1    Bilham, R.2
  • 145
    • 84879888265 scopus 로고
    • Paleontological view of the ages of the deccan traps, the cretaceous tertiary boundary, and the India-Asia collision
    • Jaeger J.J., Courtillot V., Tapponnier P. Paleontological view of the ages of the deccan traps, the cretaceous tertiary boundary, and the India-Asia collision. Geology 1989, 17:316-319.
    • (1989) Geology , vol.17 , pp. 316-319
    • Jaeger, J.J.1    Courtillot, V.2    Tapponnier, P.3
  • 146
    • 0022189791 scopus 로고
    • Heat focussing, granite genesis and inverted metamorphic gradients in continental collision zones
    • Jaupart C., Provost A. Heat focussing, granite genesis and inverted metamorphic gradients in continental collision zones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1985, 73:385-397.
    • (1985) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.73 , pp. 385-397
    • Jaupart, C.1    Provost, A.2
  • 147
    • 3643105738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the descent of Indian and Eurasian plates beneath the Tibetan Plateau from gravity anomalies
    • Jin Y., McNutt M.K., Zhu Y. Mapping the descent of Indian and Eurasian plates beneath the Tibetan Plateau from gravity anomalies. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:11275-11290.
    • (1996) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.101 , pp. 11275-11290
    • Jin, Y.1    McNutt, M.K.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 148
    • 0032735951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oblique convergence in Himalaya of western Nepal deduced from preliminary results of GPS measurements
    • Jouanne F., Mugnier J.L., Pandey M., et al. Oblique convergence in Himalaya of western Nepal deduced from preliminary results of GPS measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:1933-1936.
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , pp. 1933-1936
    • Jouanne, F.1    Mugnier, J.L.2    Pandey, M.3
  • 150
    • 0027883001 scopus 로고
    • Paleoatmospheric consequences of Co2 released during early Cenozoic regional metamorphism in the Tethyan Orogen
    • Kerrick D.M., Caldeira K. Paleoatmospheric consequences of Co2 released during early Cenozoic regional metamorphism in the Tethyan Orogen. Chemical Geology 1993, 108:201-230.
    • (1993) Chemical Geology , vol.108 , pp. 201-230
    • Kerrick, D.M.1    Caldeira, K.2
  • 151
    • 0033619634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Was the Himalayan orogen a climatically significant coupled source and sink for amostpheric CO2 during the Cenozoic?
    • Kerrick D.M., Caldeira K. Was the Himalayan orogen a climatically significant coupled source and sink for amostpheric CO2 during the Cenozoic?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 173:195-203.
    • (1999) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.173 , pp. 195-203
    • Kerrick, D.M.1    Caldeira, K.2
  • 152
    • 0005028047 scopus 로고
    • Mid-crustal Low-velocity zone beneath the southern Lhasa block: Results from the INDEPTH-II earthquake recording program
    • Kind R., Ni J., Zhao W., et al. Mid-crustal Low-velocity zone beneath the southern Lhasa block: Results from the INDEPTH-II earthquake recording program. Science 1987, 274:1692-1694.
    • (1987) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1692-1694
    • Kind, R.1    Ni, J.2    Zhao, W.3
  • 153
    • 0023481169 scopus 로고
    • Rheology of the lithosphere: Selected topics
    • Kirby S.H., Kronenberg A.K. Rheology of the lithosphere: Selected topics. Reviews of Geophysics 1987, 25:1219-1244.
    • (1987) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.25 , pp. 1219-1244
    • Kirby, S.H.1    Kronenberg, A.K.2
  • 154
    • 0029473278 scopus 로고
    • Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments
    • Kohlstedt D.L., Evans B., Mackwell S.J. Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:17587-17602.
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.100 , pp. 17587-17602
    • Kohlstedt, D.L.1    Evans, B.2    Mackwell, S.J.3
  • 155
    • 84879884684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrologic case for Eocene slab breakoff during the Indo-Asian collision
    • Kohn M.J., Parkinson C.D. Petrologic case for Eocene slab breakoff during the Indo-Asian collision. Geology 2002, 30:591-594.
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 591-594
    • Kohn, M.J.1    Parkinson, C.D.2
  • 156
    • 33646416121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erosion and exhumation in accretionary orogens: Experimental and geological approaches
    • Konstantinovskaia E., Malavieille J. Erosion and exhumation in accretionary orogens: Experimental and geological approaches. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 2005, 6:Q02006.
    • (2005) Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems , vol.6
    • Konstantinovskaia, E.1    Malavieille, J.2
  • 157
    • 0028193692 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional critical wedges: Tectonics and topography in oblique collisional orogens
    • Koons P. Three-dimensional critical wedges: Tectonics and topography in oblique collisional orogens. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:12301-12315.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 12301-12315
    • Koons, P.1
  • 158
    • 0345178803 scopus 로고
    • Some thermal and mechanical consequences of rapid uplift - An example from the southern Alps, New-Zealand
    • Koons P.O. Some thermal and mechanical consequences of rapid uplift - An example from the southern Alps, New-Zealand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1987, 86:307-319.
    • (1987) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.86 , pp. 307-319
    • Koons, P.O.1
  • 159
    • 0024825484 scopus 로고
    • The topographic evolution of collisional mountain belts - A numerical look at the southern alps, New-Zealand
    • Koons P.O. The topographic evolution of collisional mountain belts - A numerical look at the southern alps, New-Zealand. American Journal of Science 1989, 289:1041-1069.
    • (1989) American Journal of Science , vol.289 , pp. 1041-1069
    • Koons, P.O.1
  • 160
    • 84882838517 scopus 로고
    • Origin and possibilities of utilization of thermal waters in the central Nepal Himalaya
    • Sciences de la Terre, Nancy, P. Le Fort, M. Colchen, C. Montenat (Eds.)
    • Kotarba M. Origin and possibilities of utilization of thermal waters in the central Nepal Himalaya. Évolution des Domaines Orogéniques d'Asie Méridionale (de la Turquie à l'Indonésie) 1986, 183-189. Sciences de la Terre, Nancy. P. Le Fort, M. Colchen, C. Montenat (Eds.).
    • (1986) Évolution des Domaines Orogéniques d'Asie Méridionale (de la Turquie à l'Indonésie) , pp. 183-189
    • Kotarba, M.1
  • 162
    • 39849102770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear stresses on megathrusts: Implications for mountain building behind subduction zones
    • 07410.01029/02005JB0003916
    • Lamb S. Shear stresses on megathrusts: Implications for mountain building behind subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:B07401. 07410.01029/02005JB0003916.
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.111
    • Lamb, S.1
  • 163
    • 0242363241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic climate change as a possible cause for the rise of the Andes
    • Lamb S., Davis P. Cenozoic climate change as a possible cause for the rise of the Andes. Nature 2003, 425:792-797.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 792-797
    • Lamb, S.1    Davis, P.2
  • 166
    • 23844468438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic solution of the mean elevation of a watershed dominated by fluvial incision and hillslope landslides
    • Lavé J. Analytic solution of the mean elevation of a watershed dominated by fluvial incision and hillslope landslides. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32:L11403.
    • (2005) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.32
    • Lavé, J.1
  • 167
    • 0003617235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonique et Erosion: L'apport de la Dynamique Fluviale à l'étude Sismotectonique de
    • l'Himalaya du Népal Central, Thèse de doctorat thesis, Paris 7.
    • Lavé J (1997) Tectonique et Erosion: L'apport de la Dynamique Fluviale à l'étude Sismotectonique de l'Himalaya du Népal Central, Thèse de doctorat thesis, Paris 7.
    • (1997)
    • Lavé, J.1
  • 168
    • 0034629394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalaya of central Nepal
    • Lavé J., Avouac J.P. Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalaya of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research 2000, 105:5735-5770.
    • (2000) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.105 , pp. 5735-5770
    • Lavé, J.1    Avouac, J.P.2
  • 169
    • 0035202358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalaya of central Nepal
    • Lavé J., Avouac J.P. Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalaya of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:26561-26591.
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.106 , pp. 26561-26591
    • Lavé, J.1    Avouac, J.P.2
  • 170
    • 14544295386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (approximate to 1100 AD) in the central Himalaya, Nepal
    • Lavé J., Yule D., Sapkota S., et al. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (approximate to 1100 AD) in the central Himalaya, Nepal. Science 2005, 307:1302-1305.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1302-1305
    • Lavé, J.1    Yule, D.2    Sapkota, S.3
  • 171
    • 1642329976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain, deformation temperatures and vorticity of flow at the top of the Greater Himalayan slab, Everest Massif, Tibet
    • Law R.D., Searle M.P., Simpson R.L. Strain, deformation temperatures and vorticity of flow at the top of the Greater Himalayan slab, Everest Massif, Tibet. Journal of the Geological Society 2004, 161:305-320.
    • (2004) Journal of the Geological Society , vol.161 , pp. 305-320
    • Law, R.D.1    Searle, M.P.2    Simpson, R.L.3
  • 172
    • 0003349601 scopus 로고
    • Himalaya: The collided range: Present knowledge of the continental arc
    • Le Fort P. Himalaya: The collided range: Present knowledge of the continental arc. American Journal of Science 1975, 275A:1-44.
    • (1975) American Journal of Science , vol.275 A , pp. 1-44
    • Le Fort, P.1
  • 173
    • 0003349601 scopus 로고
    • Himalaya: The collided range: Present knowledge of the continental arc
    • Le Fort P. Himalaya: The collided range: Present knowledge of the continental arc. American Journal of Science 1975, 275A:1-44.
    • (1975) American Journal of Science , vol.275 A , pp. 1-44
    • Le Fort, P.1
  • 174
    • 0027043582 scopus 로고
    • Kinematics, topography, shortening, and extrusion in the India-Eurasia collision
    • Le Pichon X., Fournier M., Jolivet L. Kinematics, topography, shortening, and extrusion in the India-Eurasia collision. Tectonics 1992, 11:1085-1098.
    • (1992) Tectonics , vol.11 , pp. 1085-1098
    • Le Pichon, X.1    Fournier, M.2    Jolivet, L.3
  • 175
    • 0033226429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical structure of the Himlaya of central Nepal: High conductivity around the mid-crustal ramp along the MHT
    • Lemmonier C., Marquis G., Perrier F., et al. Electrical structure of the Himlaya of central Nepal: High conductivity around the mid-crustal ramp along the MHT. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:3261-3264.
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , pp. 3261-3264
    • Lemmonier, C.1    Marquis, G.2    Perrier, F.3
  • 177
    • 0034681629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two contrasting eclogite types in the Himalaya: Implications for the Himalayan orogeny
    • Lombardo B., Rolfo F. Two contrasting eclogite types in the Himalaya: Implications for the Himalayan orogeny. Journal of Geodynamics 2000, 30:37-60.
    • (2000) Journal of Geodynamics , vol.30 , pp. 37-60
    • Lombardo, B.1    Rolfo, F.2
  • 178
    • 0020975273 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the structure of the Himalaya from an analysis of gravity anomalies and a flexural model of the lithosphere
    • Lyon-Caen H., Molnar P. Constraints on the structure of the Himalaya from an analysis of gravity anomalies and a flexural model of the lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 1983, 88:8171-8191.
    • (1983) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.88 , pp. 8171-8191
    • Lyon-Caen, H.1    Molnar, P.2
  • 179
    • 0022240379 scopus 로고
    • Gravity anomalies, flexure of the Indian plate and the structure, support and evolution of the Himalaya and Ganga Basin
    • Lyon-Caen H., Molnar P. Gravity anomalies, flexure of the Indian plate and the structure, support and evolution of the Himalaya and Ganga Basin. Tectonics 1985, 4:513-538.
    • (1985) Tectonics , vol.4 , pp. 513-538
    • Lyon-Caen, H.1    Molnar, P.2
  • 180
    • 0027801629 scopus 로고
    • Chronology of tectonic events in the crystalline core of the Himalaya, Langtang national park, central Nepal
    • Macfarlane A.M. Chronology of tectonic events in the crystalline core of the Himalaya, Langtang national park, central Nepal. Tectonics 1993, 12:1004-1025.
    • (1993) Tectonics , vol.12 , pp. 1004-1025
    • Macfarlane, A.M.1
  • 181
    • 84879882097 scopus 로고
    • A structural analysis of the main central thrust zone, Langtang National
    • Macfarlane A., Hodges K.V., Lux D. A structural analysis of the main central thrust zone, Langtang National Park, Central Nepal Himalaya. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1992, 104:1389-1402.
    • (1992) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 1389-1402
    • Macfarlane, A.1    Hodges, K.V.2    Lux, D.3
  • 182
    • 0034432388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthquake focal depths, effective elastic thickness, and the strength of the continental lithosphere
    • Maggi A., Jackson J.A., McKenzie D., Priestley K. Earthquake focal depths, effective elastic thickness, and the strength of the continental lithosphere. Geology 2000, 28:495-498.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 495-498
    • Maggi, A.1    Jackson, J.A.2    McKenzie, D.3    Priestley, K.4
  • 183
    • 0000635496 scopus 로고
    • Modelisation experimentale des chevauchements imbriques: Application aux chaines de montagnes
    • Malavieille J. Modelisation experimentale des chevauchements imbriques: Application aux chaines de montagnes. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 1984, XXVI(1):129-138.
    • (1984) Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France , vol.XXVI , Issue.1 , pp. 129-138
    • Malavieille, J.1
  • 185
    • 84882815574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'ocean perdu. In: Museum National D′Histoire Naturelle (France)
    • CNRS Editions et Museum national de'Histoire naturelle, Paris, J.-P. Avouac, P. De Wever (Eds.)
    • Malavieille J., Marcoux J., De Wever P. L'ocean perdu. In: Museum National D′Histoire Naturelle (France). Himalaya-Tibet, Le choc des continents 2002, 32-39. CNRS Editions et Museum national de'Histoire naturelle, Paris. J.-P. Avouac, P. De Wever (Eds.).
    • (2002) Himalaya-Tibet, Le choc des continents , pp. 32-39
    • Malavieille, J.1    Marcoux, J.2    De Wever, P.3
  • 186
    • 0001863691 scopus 로고
    • On the geology, etc., of the Darjiling district and the Westen Duars
    • Mallet F.R. On the geology, etc., of the Darjiling district and the Westen Duars. Memoirs Geolological Survey India 1874, 11.
    • (1874) Memoirs Geolological Survey India , pp. 11
    • Mallet, F.R.1
  • 187
    • 0031696381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting
    • Marone C. Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1998, 26:643-696.
    • (1998) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.26 , pp. 643-696
    • Marone, C.1
  • 188
    • 0028813037 scopus 로고
    • Coincident conductive and reflective middle and lower crust in southern British Columbia
    • Marquis G., Jones A.G., Hyndman R.D. Coincident conductive and reflective middle and lower crust in southern British Columbia. Geophysical Journal International 1995, 120:111-131.
    • (1995) Geophysical Journal International , vol.120 , pp. 111-131
    • Marquis, G.1    Jones, A.G.2    Hyndman, R.D.3
  • 189
    • 0006379582 scopus 로고
    • Les Siwaliks: Le prisme d'accrétion tectonique associé à la subduction intracontinentale himalayenne
    • Mascle G.H., Hérail G. Les Siwaliks: Le prisme d'accrétion tectonique associé à la subduction intracontinentale himalayenne. Géologie Alpine, Grenoble 1982, 58:95-103.
    • (1982) Géologie Alpine, Grenoble , vol.58 , pp. 95-103
    • Mascle, G.H.1    Hérail, G.2
  • 190
    • 0028325659 scopus 로고
    • Rift flank uplift in Tibet: Evidence for a viscous lower crust
    • Masek J.G., Isacks B.L., Fielding E. Rift flank uplift in Tibet: Evidence for a viscous lower crust. Tectonics 1994, 13:659-667.
    • (1994) Tectonics , vol.13 , pp. 659-667
    • Masek, J.G.1    Isacks, B.L.2    Fielding, E.3
  • 192
    • 0001132388 scopus 로고
    • Sur le mécanisme de formation de la schistosité dans l'Himalaya
    • Mattauer M. Sur le mécanisme de formation de la schistosité dans l'Himalaya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1975, 28:144-154.
    • (1975) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.28 , pp. 144-154
    • Mattauer, M.1
  • 193
    • 0022873785 scopus 로고
    • Intracontinental subduction, crust-mantle décollement and crust-stacking wedge in the Himalaya and other continental belts
    • Geological Scociety of London, London, M.P. Coward, A.C. Ries (Eds.)
    • Mattauer M. Intracontinental subduction, crust-mantle décollement and crust-stacking wedge in the Himalaya and other continental belts. Geological Society of London, Special Publications: Collision Tectonics 1986, 37-50. Geological Scociety of London, London. M.P. Coward, A.C. Ries (Eds.).
    • (1986) Geological Society of London, Special Publications: Collision Tectonics , pp. 37-50
    • Mattauer, M.1
  • 194
    • 84879883267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oblique convergence in the active deformation of the Himalaya and southern Tibet plateau
    • McCaffrey R., Nabelek J. Role of oblique convergence in the active deformation of the Himalaya and southern Tibet plateau. Geology 1998, 26:691-694.
    • (1998) Geology , vol.26 , pp. 691-694
    • McCaffrey, R.1    Nabelek, J.2
  • 195
    • 0036966549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditions for flow in the continental crust
    • McKenzie D., Jackson J. Conditions for flow in the continental crust. Tectonics 2002, 21:1055.
    • (2002) Tectonics , vol.21 , pp. 1055
    • McKenzie, D.1    Jackson, J.2
  • 196
    • 0001872297 scopus 로고
    • On the geological structure and relations of the southern portion of the Himalayan range between river Ganges and Ravee
    • Medlicott H.B. On the geological structure and relations of the southern portion of the Himalayan range between river Ganges and Ravee. Memoir Geological Society of India 1864, 3:1-206.
    • (1864) Memoir Geological Society of India , vol.3 , pp. 1-206
    • Medlicott, H.B.1
  • 197
    • 84879885038 scopus 로고
    • Middle-late Miocene (>10Ma) formation of the main boundary thrust in the western Himalaya
    • Meigs A.J., Burbank D.W., Beck R.A. Middle-late Miocene (>10Ma) formation of the main boundary thrust in the western Himalaya. Geology 1995, 23:423-426.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 423-426
    • Meigs, A.J.1    Burbank, D.W.2    Beck, R.A.3
  • 198
    • 0030970470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass transfer between eastern Tien Shan and adjacent basins (central Asia): Constraints on regional tectonics and topography
    • Métivier F., Gaudemer Y. Mass transfer between eastern Tien Shan and adjacent basins (central Asia): Constraints on regional tectonics and topography. Geophysical Journal International 1997, 128:1-17.
    • (1997) Geophysical Journal International , vol.128 , pp. 1-17
    • Métivier, F.1    Gaudemer, Y.2
  • 200
    • 0042069955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified kinematic model for the evolution of detachment folds
    • Mitra S. A unified kinematic model for the evolution of detachment folds. Journal of Structural Geology 2003, 25:1659-1673.
    • (2003) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.25 , pp. 1659-1673
    • Mitra, S.1
  • 201
    • 13344260669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crustal structure and earthquake focal depths beneath northeastern India and southern Tibet
    • Mitra S., Priestley K., Bhattacharyya A.K., Gaur V.K. Crustal structure and earthquake focal depths beneath northeastern India and southern Tibet. Geophysical Journal International 2005, 160:227-248.
    • (2005) Geophysical Journal International , vol.160 , pp. 227-248
    • Mitra, S.1    Priestley, K.2    Bhattacharyya, A.K.3    Gaur, V.K.4
  • 202
    • 0021306375 scopus 로고
    • Structure and tectonics of the Himalaya: Constraints and implications of geophysical data
    • Molnar P. Structure and tectonics of the Himalaya: Constraints and implications of geophysical data. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 1984, 12:489-518.
    • (1984) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science , vol.12 , pp. 489-518
    • Molnar, P.1
  • 203
    • 0000139560 scopus 로고
    • Inversion of profiles of uplift rates for the geometry of dip-slip faults at depth, with examples from the Alps and the Himilaya
    • Molnar P. Inversion of profiles of uplift rates for the geometry of dip-slip faults at depth, with examples from the Alps and the Himilaya. Annales Geophysicae Series B-Terrestrial and Planetary Physics 1987, 5:663-670.
    • (1987) Annales Geophysicae Series B-Terrestrial and Planetary Physics , vol.5 , pp. 663-670
    • Molnar, P.1
  • 204
    • 0001473710 scopus 로고
    • A review of the seismicity and the rates of active underthrusting and deformation at the Himalaya
    • Molnar P. A review of the seismicity and the rates of active underthrusting and deformation at the Himalaya. Journal of Himalayan Geology 1990, 1:131-154.
    • (1990) Journal of Himalayan Geology , vol.1 , pp. 131-154
    • Molnar, P.1
  • 205
    • 0028570144 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary climate-change and the formation of river terraces across growing anticlines on the north flank of the Tien-Shan, China
    • Molnar P., Brown E.T., Burchfiel B.C., et al. Quaternary climate-change and the formation of river terraces across growing anticlines on the north flank of the Tien-Shan, China. Journal of Geology 1994, 102:583-602.
    • (1994) Journal of Geology , vol.102 , pp. 583-602
    • Molnar, P.1    Brown, E.T.2    Burchfiel, B.C.3
  • 206
    • 0025590478 scopus 로고
    • Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: Chicken or egg?
    • Molnar P., England P. Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: Chicken or egg?. Nature 1990, 346:29-34.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 29-34
    • Molnar, P.1    England, P.2
  • 207
    • 0025262541 scopus 로고
    • Temperatures, heat flux, and frictional stress near major thrust fault
    • Molnar P., England P. Temperatures, heat flux, and frictional stress near major thrust fault. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:4833-4856.
    • (1990) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.95 , pp. 4833-4856
    • Molnar, P.1    England, P.2
  • 208
    • 0027797290 scopus 로고
    • Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian Monsoon
    • Molnar P., England P., Martinod J. Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian Monsoon. Reviews of Geophysics 1993, 31:357-396.
    • (1993) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.31 , pp. 357-396
    • Molnar, P.1    England, P.2    Martinod, J.3
  • 209
    • 84879571658 scopus 로고
    • Some simple physical aspects of the support, structure, and evolution of mountain belts. In: Processes in continental lithospheric deformation
    • Molnar P., Lyon-Caen H. Some simple physical aspects of the support, structure, and evolution of mountain belts. In: Processes in continental lithospheric deformation. Geological Society of America Special, Paper 1988, 218:179-207.
    • (1988) Geological Society of America Special, Paper , vol.218 , pp. 179-207
    • Molnar, P.1    Lyon-Caen, H.2
  • 210
    • 24944544542 scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision
    • Molnar P., Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision. Science 1975, 189:419-426.
    • (1975) Science , vol.189 , pp. 419-426
    • Molnar, P.1    Tapponnier, P.2
  • 211
    • 17144473893 scopus 로고
    • Valley incision and uplift of mountain peaks
    • Montgomery D.R. Valley incision and uplift of mountain peaks. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:13913-13921.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 13913-13921
    • Montgomery, D.R.1
  • 212
  • 214
    • 84879597716 scopus 로고
    • Active faults of the Himalaya of India and Nepal
    • Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, L.L. Malinconico, R. Lillie (Eds.)
    • Nakata T. Active faults of the Himalaya of India and Nepal. Tectonics of the Western Himalaya 1989, 243-264. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO. L.L. Malinconico, R. Lillie (Eds.).
    • (1989) Tectonics of the Western Himalaya , pp. 243-264
    • Nakata, T.1
  • 216
    • 0030430938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet: Synthesis of project INDEPTH results
    • Nelson K.D., Zhao W., Brown L.D., et al. Partially molten middle crust beneath southern Tibet: Synthesis of project INDEPTH results. Science 1996, 274:1684-1688.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1684-1688
    • Nelson, K.D.1    Zhao, W.2    Brown, L.D.3
  • 217
    • 0027095145 scopus 로고
    • Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space
    • Okada Y. Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1992, 82:1018-1040.
    • (1992) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , vol.82 , pp. 1018-1040
    • Okada, Y.1
  • 220
    • 0032698160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The updip and downdip limit to great subduction earthquakes: Thermal and structural models of Cascadia, South Alaska, SW Japan and Chile
    • Oleskevich D.A., Hyndman R.D., Wang K. The updip and downdip limit to great subduction earthquakes: Thermal and structural models of Cascadia, South Alaska, SW Japan and Chile. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:14965-14991.
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.104 , pp. 14965-14991
    • Oleskevich, D.A.1    Hyndman, R.D.2    Wang, K.3
  • 221
    • 0002121727 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 january 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone
    • Pandey M.R., Molnar P. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 january 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone. Journal of Nepal Geological Society 1988, 5:23-45.
    • (1988) Journal of Nepal Geological Society , vol.5 , pp. 23-45
    • Pandey, M.R.1    Molnar, P.2
  • 224
    • 0041782195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some new observations on the Amritpur granite series, Kumaun lesser Himalaya, India
    • Pandey P., Rawat R.S. Some new observations on the Amritpur granite series, Kumaun lesser Himalaya, India. Current Sciences 1999, 72:296-299.
    • (1999) Current Sciences , vol.72 , pp. 296-299
    • Pandey, P.1    Rawat, R.S.2
  • 225
    • 77956769959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A step toward a historical seismicity of Nepal
    • Pant M.R. A step toward a historical seismicity of Nepal. Adarsa 2002, 2:29-60.
    • (2002) Adarsa , vol.2 , pp. 29-60
    • Pant, M.R.1
  • 227
    • 0021642330 scopus 로고
    • India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates
    • Patriat P., Achache J. India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates. Nature 1984, 311:615-621.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.311 , pp. 615-621
    • Patriat, P.1    Achache, J.2
  • 228
    • 0024196972 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the central Indian-Ocean
    • Patriat P., Segoufin J. Reconstruction of the central Indian-Ocean. Tectonophysics 1988, 155:211-234.
    • (1988) Tectonophysics , vol.155 , pp. 211-234
    • Patriat, P.1    Segoufin, J.2
  • 229
    • 0024525755 scopus 로고
    • The metamorphism in central Himalaya
    • Pêcher A. The metamorphism in central Himalaya. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1989, 7:31-41.
    • (1989) Journal of Metamorphic Geology , vol.7 , pp. 31-41
    • Pêcher, A.1
  • 230
    • 0030440295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present-day kinematics of Asia derived from geologic fault rates
    • Peltzer G., Saucier F. Present-day kinematics of Asia derived from geologic fault rates. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:27943-27956.
    • (1996) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.101 , pp. 27943-27956
    • Peltzer, G.1    Saucier, F.2
  • 231
    • 0024221542 scopus 로고
    • Formation and evolution of strike-slip faults rifts, and basins during the India-Asia collision. An experimental approach
    • Peltzer G., Tapponnier P. Formation and evolution of strike-slip faults rifts, and basins during the India-Asia collision. An experimental approach. Journal of Geophysical Research 1988, 93:15085-15117.
    • (1988) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.93 , pp. 15085-15117
    • Peltzer, G.1    Tapponnier, P.2
  • 233
    • 2342630615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene hydrological changes inferred from alluvial stream entrenchment in North Tian Shan (Northwestern China)
    • Poisson B., Avouac J.P. Holocene hydrological changes inferred from alluvial stream entrenchment in North Tian Shan (Northwestern China). Journal of Geology 2004, 112:231-249.
    • (2004) Journal of Geology , vol.112 , pp. 231-249
    • Poisson, B.1    Avouac, J.P.2
  • 234
    • 0032455807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint estimation of afterslip rate and postseismic relaxation following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
    • Pollitz F.F., Burgmann R., Segall P. Joint estimation of afterslip rate and postseismic relaxation following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 1998, 103:26975-26992.
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.103 , pp. 26975-26992
    • Pollitz, F.F.1    Burgmann, R.2    Segall, P.3
  • 236
    • 0002149164 scopus 로고
    • On the attraction of the Himalaya Mountains, and of the elevated regions beyond them, upon the plumb line in India
    • Pratt J.H. On the attraction of the Himalaya Mountains, and of the elevated regions beyond them, upon the plumb line in India. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1855, 145:53-100.
    • (1855) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , vol.145 , pp. 53-100
    • Pratt, J.H.1
  • 237
    • 33645711341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface erosion control on the evolution of the deep lithosphere
    • 210.1130/G21963.21961
    • Pysklywec R.N. Surface erosion control on the evolution of the deep lithosphere. Geology 2006, 34:225-228. 210.1130/G21963.21961.
    • (2006) Geology , vol.34 , pp. 225-228
    • Pysklywec, R.N.1
  • 238
    • 0030620502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of orogeny, plate motion and land sea distribution on Eurasian climate change over the past 30 million years
    • Ramstein G., Fluteau F., Besse J., Joussaume S. Effect of orogeny, plate motion and land sea distribution on Eurasian climate change over the past 30 million years. Nature 1997, 386:788-795.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 788-795
    • Ramstein, G.1    Fluteau, F.2    Besse, J.3    Joussaume, S.4
  • 239
    • 77956786959 scopus 로고
    • Nepalako mahabhukampa (sala) Nepal's great earthquake.
    • Rana BSJB (1935) Nepalako mahabhukampa (1990 sala) Nepal's great earthquake.
    • (1935)
    • Rana, B.S.J.B.1
  • 240
    • 0028586607 scopus 로고
    • Distributed deformation in southern and western Tibet during and after the India-Asia collision
    • Ratschbacher L., Frisch W., Liu G., Chen C. Distributed deformation in southern and western Tibet during and after the India-Asia collision. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:19917-19945.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 19917-19945
    • Ratschbacher, L.1    Frisch, W.2    Liu, G.3    Chen, C.4
  • 241
    • 0027063891 scopus 로고
    • Tectonic forcing of Late Cenozoic climate
    • Raymo M.E., Ruddiman W.F. Tectonic forcing of Late Cenozoic climate. Nature 1992, 359:117-122.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 117-122
    • Raymo, M.E.1    Ruddiman, W.F.2
  • 243
    • 0022908336 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic motion of a single degree of freedom system following a rate and state dependent friction law
    • Rice J.R., Tse S.T. Dynamic motion of a single degree of freedom system following a rate and state dependent friction law. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:521-530.
    • (1986) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.91 , pp. 521-530
    • Rice, J.R.1    Tse, S.T.2
  • 246
    • 0030427478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphic data
    • Rowley D.B. Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphic data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 145:1-13.
    • (1996) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.145 , pp. 1-13
    • Rowley, D.B.1
  • 247
    • 32544447257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet
    • Rowley D.B., Currie B.S. Palaeo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet. Nature 2006, 439:677-681.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 677-681
    • Rowley, D.B.1    Currie, B.S.2
  • 248
    • 0027505178 scopus 로고
    • The steady state thermal structure of eroding orogenic belts and accretionary prisms
    • Royden L.H. The steady state thermal structure of eroding orogenic belts and accretionary prisms. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:4487-4507.
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , pp. 4487-4507
    • Royden, L.H.1
  • 249
    • 0026303671 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for relative motions between the Indian and Australian plates during the last 20My from plate tectonic reconstructions - implications for the deformation of the Indo-Australian plate
    • Royer J.Y., Chang T. Evidence for relative motions between the Indian and Australian plates during the last 20My from plate tectonic reconstructions - implications for the deformation of the Indo-Australian plate. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth and Planets 1991, 96:11779-11802.
    • (1991) Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth and Planets , vol.96 , pp. 11779-11802
    • Royer, J.Y.1    Chang, T.2
  • 250
    • 84856051617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'Inde part a la derive
    • CNRS Editions et Museum national de'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Museum National D′Histoire Naturelle (France)
    • Royer J.Y., Patriat P. L'Inde part a la derive. Himalaya-Tibet, Le choc des continents 2002, 25-31. CNRS Editions et Museum national de'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
    • (2002) Himalaya-Tibet, Le choc des continents , pp. 25-31
    • Royer, J.Y.1    Patriat, P.2
  • 253
    • 84879887078 scopus 로고
    • Ridge torques and continental collision in the Indian-Australian plate
    • Sandiford M., Coblentz D.D., Richardson R.M. Ridge torques and continental collision in the Indian-Australian plate. Geology 1995, 23:653-656.
    • (1995) Geology , vol.23 , pp. 653-656
    • Sandiford, M.1    Coblentz, D.D.2    Richardson, R.M.3
  • 255
    • 0034352644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of the indian shield, from teleseismic receiver functions
    • Saul J., Kumar M.R., Sarkar D. Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of the indian shield, from teleseismic receiver functions. Geophysical Research Letters 2000, 27:2357-2360.
    • (2000) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.27 , pp. 2357-2360
    • Saul, J.1    Kumar, M.R.2    Sarkar, D.3
  • 256
    • 0020968862 scopus 로고
    • The Palung granite (Himalaya); high resolution U-Pb systematics in zircon and monazite
    • Schärer U., Allegre C.J. The Palung granite (Himalaya); high resolution U-Pb systematics in zircon and monazite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1983, 63:423-432.
    • (1983) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.63 , pp. 423-432
    • Schärer, U.1    Allegre, C.J.2
  • 257
    • 0027084064 scopus 로고
    • The tectonostratigraphy and structure of the eastern Nepal Himalaya
    • Schelling D. The tectonostratigraphy and structure of the eastern Nepal Himalaya. Tectonics 1992, 11:925-943.
    • (1992) Tectonics , vol.11 , pp. 925-943
    • Schelling, D.1
  • 258
    • 0026291081 scopus 로고
    • Thrust tectonics, crustal shortening, and the structure of the far-eastern Nepal Himalaya
    • Schelling D., Arita K. Thrust tectonics, crustal shortening, and the structure of the far-eastern Nepal Himalaya. Tectonics 1991, 10:851-862.
    • (1991) Tectonics , vol.10 , pp. 851-862
    • Schelling, D.1    Arita, K.2
  • 259
    • 21744440765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the Indian subcontinent beneath the Himalaya
    • Schulte-Pelkum V., Monsalve G., Sheehan A., et al. Imaging the Indian subcontinent beneath the Himalaya. Nature 2005, 435:1222-1225.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.435 , pp. 1222-1225
    • Schulte-Pelkum, V.1    Monsalve, G.2    Sheehan, A.3
  • 260
    • 0030840276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shisha Pangma leucogranite, South tibetan Himalaya: Field relations, geochemistry, age, origin, and emplacement
    • Searle M.P., Parrish R.R., Hodges K.V., Hurford M.W., Ayres M.W., Whitehouse M.J. Shisha Pangma leucogranite, South tibetan Himalaya: Field relations, geochemistry, age, origin, and emplacement. The Journal of Geology 1997, 105:295-317.
    • (1997) The Journal of Geology , vol.105 , pp. 295-317
    • Searle, M.P.1    Parrish, R.R.2    Hodges, K.V.3    Hurford, M.W.4    Ayres, M.W.5    Whitehouse, M.J.6
  • 261
    • 0025223562 scopus 로고
    • Restoration and evolution of the intermontane Indus Molasse Basin, Ladakh Himalaya, India
    • Searle M.P., Pickering K.T., Cooper D.J.W. Restoration and evolution of the intermontane Indus Molasse Basin, Ladakh Himalaya, India. Tectonophysics 1990, 174:301-314.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.174 , pp. 301-314
    • Searle, M.P.1    Pickering, K.T.2    Cooper, D.J.W.3
  • 263
    • 0020641892 scopus 로고
    • River profiles along the Himalayan arc as indicators of active tectonics
    • Seeber L., Gornitz V. River profiles along the Himalayan arc as indicators of active tectonics. Tectonophysics 1983, 92:335-367.
    • (1983) Tectonophysics , vol.92 , pp. 335-367
    • Seeber, L.1    Gornitz, V.2
  • 264
    • 0029502862 scopus 로고
    • Dilatancy, compaction, and slip instability of a fluid-infiltrated fault
    • Segall P., Rice J.R. Dilatancy, compaction, and slip instability of a fluid-infiltrated fault. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth 1995, 100:22155-22171.
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth , vol.100 , pp. 22155-22171
    • Segall, P.1    Rice, J.R.2
  • 265
    • 34548556318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic anaylsis of the Pakuashan fault-tip fold, West Central Taiwan: Shortening rates and age of folding inception
    • Simoes M., Avouac J.P., Chen Y.G., et al. Kinematic anaylsis of the Pakuashan fault-tip fold, West Central Taiwan: Shortening rates and age of folding inception. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B03S14.
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Simoes, M.1    Avouac, J.P.2    Chen, Y.G.3
  • 266
    • 0027088634 scopus 로고
    • Creep, compaction and the weak rheology of major faults
    • Sleep N.H., Blanpied M.L. Creep, compaction and the weak rheology of major faults. Nature 1992, 359:687-692.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 687-692
    • Sleep, N.H.1    Blanpied, M.L.2
  • 267
    • 0001278017 scopus 로고
    • Displacement on the San Andreas fault subsequent to the 1966 Parkfield earthquake
    • Smith S.W., Wyss M. Displacement on the San Andreas fault subsequent to the 1966 Parkfield earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1968, 58:1966-1973.
    • (1968) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America , vol.58 , pp. 1966-1973
    • Smith, S.W.1    Wyss, M.2
  • 268
    • 0037421912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years
    • Spicer R.A., Harris N.B.W., Widdowson M., et al. Constant elevation of southern Tibet over the past 15 million years. Nature 2003, 421:622-624.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 622-624
    • Spicer, R.A.1    Harris, N.B.W.2    Widdowson, M.3
  • 269
    • 0028192384 scopus 로고
    • Thrust geometries and deep structure of the outer and lesser Himalaya, Kumaon and Garhwal (India): Implications for evolution of the Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt
    • Srivastava P., Mitra G. Thrust geometries and deep structure of the outer and lesser Himalaya, Kumaon and Garhwal (India): Implications for evolution of the Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt. Tectonics 1994, 13:89-109.
    • (1994) Tectonics , vol.13 , pp. 89-109
    • Srivastava, P.1    Mitra, G.2
  • 270
    • 0003923897 scopus 로고
    • Geologic map of Kathmandu area and Central Mahabharat Range
    • Department of Mines and Geology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
    • Stöcklin J, Bhattarai KD, Chettri VS, and Bhandari AN (1980) Geologic map of Kathmandu area and Central Mahabharat Range. Department of Mines and Geology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
    • (1980)
    • Stöcklin, J.1    Bhattarai, K.D.2    Chettri, V.S.3    Bhandari, A.N.4
  • 271
    • 0002857274 scopus 로고
    • Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the People's Republic of China.
    • Sun W(1989) Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the People's Republic of China.
    • (1989)
    • Sun, W.1
  • 273
    • 0025639588 scopus 로고
    • Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding
    • Suppe J., Medwedeff D.A. Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 1990, 83:409-454.
    • (1990) Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae , vol.83 , pp. 409-454
    • Suppe, J.1    Medwedeff, D.A.2
  • 274
    • 0035940949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau
    • Tapponnier P., Xu Z.Q., Roger F., et al. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau. Science 2001, 294:1671-1677.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1671-1677
    • Tapponnier, P.1    Xu, Z.Q.2    Roger, F.3
  • 278
    • 16344364194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic evolution of a continental collision zone: A thermomechanical numerical model
    • Toussaint G., Burov E., Avouac J.P. Tectonic evolution of a continental collision zone: A thermomechanical numerical model. Tectonics 2004, 23.
    • (2004) Tectonics , vol.23
    • Toussaint, G.1    Burov, E.2    Avouac, J.P.3
  • 279
    • 1142293181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continental plate collision: Unstable vs. stable slab dynamics
    • Toussaint G., Burov E.B., Jolivet L. Continental plate collision: Unstable vs. stable slab dynamics. Geology 2004, 32:33-36.
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 33-36
    • Toussaint, G.1    Burov, E.B.2    Jolivet, L.3
  • 280
    • 0023468846 scopus 로고
    • Upper limits of power law creep of rocks
    • Tsenn M.C., Carter N.L. Upper limits of power law creep of rocks. Tectonophysics 1987, 136:1-26.
    • (1987) Tectonophysics , vol.136 , pp. 1-26
    • Tsenn, M.C.1    Carter, N.L.2
  • 281
    • 0033490273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Nepal Himalaya
    • Upreti B.N. An overview of the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 1999, 17:577-606.
    • (1999) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 577-606
    • Upreti, B.N.1
  • 282
    • 33646360078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The latest active faulting in southeast Nepal: In Active Fault Research for the New Millenium
    • Letter Press Ltd, Hiroshima, Japan, K.T.K. Okumura, H. Goto (Eds.)
    • Upreti B.N., Nakata T., Kumahara Y., et al. The latest active faulting in southeast Nepal: In Active Fault Research for the New Millenium. Proceedings of the Hokudan International Symposium and School on Active Faulting 2000, 533-536. Letter Press Ltd, Hiroshima, Japan. K.T.K. Okumura, H. Goto (Eds.).
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Hokudan International Symposium and School on Active Faulting , pp. 533-536
    • Upreti, B.N.1    Nakata, T.2    Kumahara, Y.3
  • 283
    • 84882917407 scopus 로고
    • The unfossiliferous formations of the Lesser Himalaya and their correlation, paper presented at 22nd International Geological Congress, Delhi
    • Valdiya KS (1964) The unfossiliferous formations of the Lesser Himalaya and their correlation, paper presented at 22nd International Geological Congress, Delhi.
    • (1964)
    • Valdiya, K.S.1
  • 284
    • 0002720429 scopus 로고
    • Reconnaissance geophysique des structures crustales de deux segments de chaîne de collision
    • Le Haut Allier (Massif Central français) et le Sud Tibet (Himalaya).
    • Van de Meulebrouck J (1983) Reconnaissance geophysique des structures crustales de deux segments de chaîne de collision: Le Haut Allier (Massif Central français) et le Sud Tibet (Himalaya).
    • (1983)
    • Van de Meulebrouck, J.1
  • 285
    • 0034758113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of dislocations to model interseismic strain and stress build-up at intracontinental thrust faults
    • Vergne J., Cattin R., Avouac J.-P. On the use of dislocations to model interseismic strain and stress build-up at intracontinental thrust faults. Geophysical Journal International 2001, 147:155-162.
    • (2001) Geophysical Journal International , vol.147 , pp. 155-162
    • Vergne, J.1    Cattin, R.2    Avouac, J.-P.3
  • 286
    • 0031832045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes of oblique compression: Late Cenozoic tectonics of the South Island of New Zealand
    • Walcott R.I. Modes of oblique compression: Late Cenozoic tectonics of the South Island of New Zealand. Reviews of Geophysics 1998, 36:1-26.
    • (1998) Reviews of Geophysics , vol.36 , pp. 1-26
    • Walcott, R.I.1
  • 287
    • 0035913979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements
    • Wang Q., Zhang P.-Z., Freymueller J.T., et al. Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements. Science 2001, 294:574-577.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 574-577
    • Wang, Q.1    Zhang, P.-Z.2    Freymueller, J.T.3
  • 288
    • 21944449220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on the strength of coupling among climate, erosion, and deformation in two-sided, frictional orogenic wedges at steady state
    • Whipple K.X., Meade B.J. Controls on the strength of coupling among climate, erosion, and deformation in two-sided, frictional orogenic wedges at steady state. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface 2004, 109:F01011.
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface , vol.109
    • Whipple, K.X.1    Meade, B.J.2
  • 289
    • 0033545009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orogeny and topography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts
    • Willett S.D. Orogeny and topography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:28957-28981.
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.104 , pp. 28957-28981
    • Willett, S.D.1
  • 290
    • 84875002004 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical model for the tectonics of doubly vergent compressional orogens
    • Willett S., Beaumont C., Fullsack P. Mechanical model for the tectonics of doubly vergent compressional orogens. Geology 1993, 21:371-374.
    • (1993) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 371-374
    • Willett, S.1    Beaumont, C.2    Fullsack, P.3
  • 292
    • 0028562105 scopus 로고
    • The effect of brittle-ductile transition on the topography of compressive mountain belts on Earth and Venus
    • Williams C.A., Connors C., Dalhen F.A., Price E.J., Suppe J. The effect of brittle-ductile transition on the topography of compressive mountain belts on Earth and Venus. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:19947-919974.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 19947-919974
    • Williams, C.A.1    Connors, C.2    Dalhen, F.A.3    Price, E.J.4    Suppe, J.5
  • 293
  • 294
    • 17844378167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active out-of-sequence thrust faulting in the central Nepalese Himalaya
    • Wobus C., Heimsath A., Whipple K., Hodges K. Active out-of-sequence thrust faulting in the central Nepalese Himalaya. Nature 2005, 434:1008-1011.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 1008-1011
    • Wobus, C.1    Heimsath, A.2    Whipple, K.3    Hodges, K.4
  • 295
    • 0242581666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has focused denudation sustained active thrusting at the Himalayan topographic front?
    • Wobus C.W., Hodges K.V., Whipple K.X. Has focused denudation sustained active thrusting at the Himalayan topographic front?. Geology 2003, 31:861-864.
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , pp. 861-864
    • Wobus, C.W.1    Hodges, K.V.2    Whipple, K.X.3
  • 297
    • 0033397662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tertiary deformation history of southeastern and southwestern Tibet during the Indo-Asian collision
    • Yin A., Harrison T.M., Murphy M.A., et al. Tertiary deformation history of southeastern and southwestern Tibet during the Indo-Asian collision. GSA Bulletin 1999, 111:1644-1664.
    • (1999) GSA Bulletin , vol.111 , pp. 1644-1664
    • Yin, A.1    Harrison, T.M.2    Murphy, M.A.3
  • 298
    • 4744363348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data
    • Zhang P.Z., Shen Z., Wang M., Gan W.J., Burgmann R., Molnar P. Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data. Geology 2004, 32:809-812.
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 809-812
    • Zhang, P.Z.1    Shen, Z.2    Wang, M.3    Gan, W.J.4    Burgmann, R.5    Molnar, P.6
  • 299
    • 0022244074 scopus 로고
    • Uplift of Tibetan plateau
    • Zhao W.L., Morgan J. Uplift of Tibetan plateau. Tectonics 1985, 4:359-369.
    • (1985) Tectonics , vol.4 , pp. 359-369
    • Zhao, W.L.1    Morgan, J.2
  • 300
    • 0027913089 scopus 로고
    • Deep seismic-reflection evidence continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet
    • Project INDEPTH Team
    • Zhao W., Nelson K.D. Deep seismic-reflection evidence continental underthrusting beneath southern Tibet. Nature 1993, 366:557-559. Project INDEPTH Team.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 557-559
    • Zhao, W.1    Nelson, K.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.