Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) to a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and humans in an Australian zoo

Epidemiology and Infection

Volumn 141, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1488-1497

  Stephens, N ^a,b   Vogelnest, L ^c   Lowbridge, C ^a   Christensen, A ^a   Marks, G B ^d   Sintchenko, V ^e,f   McAnulty, J ^a  

^a Population Health   (Australia)

^b Health Protection Branch   (Australia)

^c Taronga Zoo   (Australia)

^d WOOLCOCK INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Australia)

^e Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research NSW Health Pathology   (Australia)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Chimpanzee; Elephant; Transmission; Tuberculosis (TB)

Indexed keywords

ISONIAZID; RIFABUTIN; RIFAMPICIN;

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BACTERIAL SHEDDING; BACTERIAL STRAIN; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ELEPHANT; ELEPHAS MAXIMUS; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; PAN TROGLODYTES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASONAL VARIATION; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS; ZOO ANIMAL;

EID: 84878834552     PISSN: 09502688     EISSN: 14694409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S095026881300068X     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. WHO. Global tuberculosis control. World Health Organisation report, 2011 (http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global-report/2011/gtbr11-main.pdf). Accessed 17 August 2012.
2. Barry C, et al. Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2008 and 2009. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 2012; 36: 82-94.
3. Roberts-Witteveen A, et al. EpiReview: tuberculosis in NSW, 2008. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 2010; 21: 174-182.
4. Smith NH, et al. Myths and misconceptions: the origin and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009; 7: 537-544.
5. Isaza R. Tuberculosis in all taxa. In: Fowler ME, Miller RE, eds. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 5th edn. Pennsylvania. W. B. Saunders Company, 2003, pp. 689-696.
6. Montali RJ, Mikota SK, Cheng LI. Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'Office International des Epizooties 2001; 20: 291-303.
7. Oh P, et al. Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a Metropolitan zoo. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002; 8: 1290-1293.
8. Posthaus H, et al. Accidental infection of veterinary personnel with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at necropsy: a case study. Veterinary Microbiology 2011; 149: 374-380.
9. Davis M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis risk for elephant handlers and veterinarians. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 2001; 16: 350-353.
10. Maslow J. Tuberculosis and other mycobacteria as zoonoses. Proceedings. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 1997, pp. 110-115.
11. Michalak K, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a zoonotic disease: transmission between humans and elephants. Emerging Infectious Diseases 1998; 4: 283-287.
12. Murphree R, et al. Elephant-to-human transmission of tuberculosis, 2009. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2011; 17: 366-371.
13. Une Y, Mori T. Tuberculosis as a zoonosis from a veterinary perspective. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2007; 30: 415-425.
14. United States Animal Health Association. Guidelines for the control of tuberculosis in elephants. Elephant Tuberculosis Subcommittee, 2012 (www.usaha.org/Committees/Tuberculosis.aspx).
15. Greenwald R, et al. Highly accurate assays for early and rapid detection of tuberculosis in African and Asian elephants. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2009; 16: 605-612.
16. VanSoolingen D, et al. Predominance of a single genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in countries of east Asia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1995; 33: 3234-3236.
17. Prodinger WM, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates of Beijing genotype in Thailand. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2001; 7: 439-484.
18. Malakmadze N, et al. Unsuspected recent transmission of tuberculosis among high-risk groups: Implications of universal tuberculosis genotyping in its detection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2005; 40: 366-373.
19. van Deutekom H, et al. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat analysis, a more accurate method for identifying epidemiological links between patients with tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2005; 43: 4473-4479.
20. Xiong L, et al. Use of PCR and reverse line blot hybridization macroarray based on 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences for rapid identification of 34 Mycobacterium species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2006; 44: 3544-50.
21. MIRU-VNTRplus. (http://www.miru-vntrplus.org/MIRU/index). Accessed 30 October 2012.
22. Angkawanish T, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of domesticated Asian Elephants, Thailand. Emerging Infectious Dieases 2010; 16: 1949-1951.
23. Lewerin SS, et al. Outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among captive Asian elephants in a Swedish zoo. Veterinary Record 2005; 156: 171-175.
24. Mikota SK. Tuberculosis in elephants. In: Fowler ME, Miller RE, eds. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 6th edn. St Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2008, pp. 355-364.
25. Miller MA. Current diagnostic methods for tuberculosis in zoo animals. In: Fowler ME, Miller RE, eds. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, 6th edn. St Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2008, pp. 10-19.
26. Michel AL, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in eight species at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, 1991-2001. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 2003; 34: 364-370.
27. Lomme JR, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: infection in two East African oryxes. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1976; 169: 912.
28. Alexander KA, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an emerging disease of free-ranging wildlife. Emerging Infectious Dieases 2002; 8: 598-601.
29. Erwin PC, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from human to canine. Emerging Infectious Dieases 2004; 10: 2258-2260.
30. Hackendahl NC, et al. Putative transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection from a human to a dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2004; 225: 1573-1577.
31. Liu S, Weitzman I, Johnson GG. Canine tuberculosis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1980; 177: 164-167.
32. Snider WR. Tuberculosis in canine and feline populations. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1971; 104: 877-87.
33. Sakamoto K. The pathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Veterinary Pathology 2012; 49: 423-439.
34. Fetene T, Kebede N, Alem G. Tuberculosis infection in animals and human populations in three districts of Western Gojam, Ethiopia. Zoonoses and Public Health 2009; 58: 47-53.
35. Ocepek M, et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2005; 43: 3555-3557.
36. Schmidt V, et al. Transmission of tuberculosis between men and pet birds: a case report. Avian Pathology 2008; 37: 589-592.
37. Steinmetz HW, et al. Possible human-avian transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Green-Winged macaw (Ara chloroptera). Avian Diseases 2006; 50: 641-645.
38. Washko RM, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a Green-winged Macaw (Ara chloroptera). Report with public health implications. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998; 36: 1101-1102.
39. Heymann DL. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th edn. American Public Health Association, 2004, pp. 560-572.
40. Mikota SK, Maslow JN. Tuberculosis at the humananimal interface: an emerging disease of elephants. Tuberculosis 2011; 3: 208-211.