Gait patterns differ between ACL-reconstructed athletes who pass return-to-sport criteria and those who fail

American Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 41, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1310-1318

  Di Stasi, Stephanie L ^a   Logerstedt, David ^b,c   Gardinier, Emily S ^c,d   Snyder Mackler, Lynn ^b,c,d  

^a THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY WEXNER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b 219 McDowell Hall   (United States)

^c Delaware Rehabilitation Institute   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

ACL reconstruction; function; gait mechanics; noncopers; return to sport

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CONVALESCENCE; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; FUNCTION; GAIT; GAIT MECHANICS; HIP; HUMAN; INJURY; JOINT INSTABILITY; KNEE; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; NONCOPERS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE; RETURN TO SPORT; YOUNG ADULT;

ACL RECONSTRUCTION; FUNCTION; GAIT MECHANICS; NONCOPERS; RETURN TO SPORT;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; GAIT; HIP; HUMANS; JOINT INSTABILITY; KNEE; KNEE JOINT; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; QUADRICEPS MUSCLE; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84878831923     PISSN: 03635465     EISSN: 15523365     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0363546513482718     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Adams D, Logerstedt DS, Hunter-Giordano A, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Current concepts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a criterion-based rehabilitation progression. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 ; 42 (7). 601-614
2. Alkjaer T, Simonsen EB, Jorgensen U, Dyhre-Poulsen P. Evaluation of the walking pattern in two types of patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: copers and non-copers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003 ; 89 (3-4). 301-308
3. Andriacchi TP, Mundermann A, Smith RL, Alexander EJ, Dyrby CO, Koo S. A framework for the in vivo pathomechanics of osteoarthritis at the knee. Ann Biomed Eng. 2004 ; 32 (3). 447-457
4. Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA. Return to the preinjury level of competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: two-thirds of patients have not returned by 12 months after surgery. Am J Sports Med. 2011 ; 39 (3). 538-543
5. Button K, van Deursen R, Price P. Recovery in functional non-copers following anterior cruciate ligament rupture as detected by gait kinematics. Phys Ther Sport. 2008 ; 9 (2). 97-104
6. Chaudhari AM, Briant PL, Bevill SL, Koo S, Andriacchi TP. Knee kinematics, cartilage morphology, and osteoarthritis after ACL injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 ; 40 (2). 215-222
7. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull. 1992 ; 112 (1). 155-159
8. Daniel DM, Fithian DC. Indications for ACL surgery. Arthroscopy. 1994 ; 10 (4). 434-441
9. DeVita P, Hortobagyi T, Barrier J. Gait biomechanics are not normal after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and accelerated rehabilitation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 ; 30 (10). 1481-1488
10. Di Stasi SL, Hartigan EH, Snyder-Mackler L. Unilateral stance strategies of athletes with ACL deficiency. J Appl Biomech. 2012 ; 28 (4). 374-386
11. Di Stasi SL, Snyder-Mackler L. The effects of neuromuscular training on the gait patterns of ACL-deficient men and women. Clin Biomech. 2012 ; 27 (4). 360-365
12. Eastlack ME, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Laxity, instability, and functional outcome after ACL injury: copers versus noncopers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 ; 31 (2). 210-215
13. Fitzgerald GK, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. A decision-making scheme for returning patients to high-level activity with nonoperative treatment after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000 ; 8 (2). 76-82
14. Fitzgerald GK, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Proposed practice guidelines for nonoperative anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation of physically active individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000 ; 30 (4). 194-203
15. Gao B, Zheng NN. Alterations in three-dimensional joint kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament-deficient and -reconstructed knees during walking. Clin Biomech. 2010 ; 25 (3). 222-229
16. Hart JM, Ko JW, Konold T, Pietrosimone B. Sagittal plane knee joint moments following anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction: a systematic review. Clin Biomech. 2010 ; 25 (4). 277-283
17. Hartigan E, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Perturbation training prior to ACL reconstruction improves gait asymmetries in non-copers. J Orthop Res. 2009 ; 27 (6). 724-729
18. Hartigan EH, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Time line for noncopers to pass return-to-sports criteria after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 ; 40 (3). 141-154
19. Hartigan EH, Zeni J, Di Stasi S, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Preoperative predictors for non-copers to pass return to sports criteria after ACL reconstruction. J Appl Biomech. 2012 ; 28: 366-373
20. Hopper DM, Goh SC, Wentworth LA, et al. Test-retest reliability of knee rating scales and functional hop tests one year following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Phys Ther Sport. 2002 ; 3: 10-18
21. Hurd WJ, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Influence of age, gender, and injury mechanism on the development of dynamic knee stability after acute ACL rupture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 ; 38 (2). 36-41
22. Irrgang JJ, Snyder-Mackler L, Wainner RS, Fu FH, Harner CD. Development of a patient-reported measure of function of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998 ; 80 (8). 1132-1145
23. Kessler MA, Behrend H, Henz S, Stutz G, Rukavina A, Kuster MS. Function, osteoarthritis and activity after ACL-rupture: 11 years follow-up results of conservative versus reconstructive treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 ; 16 (5). 442-448
24. Kvist J. Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament injury: current recommendations for sports participation. Sports Med. 2004 ; 34 (4). 269-280
25. Laboute E, Savalli L, Puig P, et al. Analysis of return to competition and repeat rupture for 298 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with patellar or hamstring tendon autograft in sportspeople. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 ; 53 (10). 598-614
26. Lohmander LS, Ionescu M, Jugessur H, Poole AR. Changes in joint cartilage aggrecan after knee injury and in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 ; 42 (3). 534-544
27. Lohmander LS, Ostenberg A, Englund M, Roos H. High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players twelve years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 ; 50 (10). 3145-3152
28. Lohmander LS, Saxne T, Heinegard D. Increased concentrations of bone sialoprotein in joint fluid after knee injury. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996 ; 55 (9). 622-626
29. McRae SM, Chahal J, Leiter JR, Marx RG, Macdonald PB. Survey study of members of the Canadian Orthopaedic Association on the natural history and treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Clin J Sport Med. 2011 ; 21 (3). 249-258
30. Moksnes H, Snyder-Mackler L, Risberg MA. Individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee classified as noncopers may be candidates for nonsurgical rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 ; 38 (10). 586-595
31. Myer GD, Martin L, Ford KR, et al. No association of time from surgery with functional deficits in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: evidence for objective return-to-sport criteria. Am J Sports Med. 2012 ; 40: 2256-2263
32. Myer GD, Paterno MV, Ford KR, Quatman CE, Hewett TE. Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: criteria-based progression through the return-to-sport phase. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006 ; 36 (6). 385-402
33. Myer GD, Schmitt LC, Brent JL, et al. Utilization of modified NFL combine testing to identify functional deficits in athletes following ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 ; 41 (6). 377-387
34. Nelson F, Billinghurst RC, Pidoux I, et al. Early post-traumatic osteoarthritis-like changes in human articular cartilage following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006 ; 14 (2). 114-119
35. Noyes FR, Barber SD, Mangine RE. Abnormal lower limb symmetry determined by function hop tests after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Am J Sports Med. 1991 ; 19 (5). 513-518
36. Paterno MV, Ford KR, Myer GD, Heyl R, Hewett TE. Limb asymmetries in landing and jumping 2 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med. 2007 ; 17 (4). 258-262
37. Paterno MV, Schmitt LC, Ford KR, et al. Biomechanical measures during landing and postural stability predict second anterior cruciate ligament injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and return to sport. Am J Sports Med. 2010 ; 38 (10). 1968-1978
38. Roewer BD, Di Stasi SL, Snyder-Mackler L. Quadriceps strength and weight acceptance strategies continue to improve two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Biomech. 2011 ; 44 (10). 1948-1953
39. Rudolph KS, Axe MJ, Buchanan TS, Scholz JP, Snyder-Mackler L. Dynamic stability in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001 ; 9 (2). 62-71
40. Rudolph KS, Eastlack ME, Axe MJ, Snyder-Mackler L. 1998 Basmajian Student Award Paper. Movement patterns after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a comparison of patients who compensate well for the injury and those who require operative stabilization. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1998 ; 8 (6). 349-362
41. Rudolph KS, Snyder-Mackler L. Effect of dynamic stability on a step task in ACL deficient individuals. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004 ; 14 (5). 565-575
42. Schmitt LC, Paterno MV, Hewett TE. The impact of quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry on functional performance at return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012 ; 42 (9). 750-759
43. Shelbourne KD, Gray T, Haro M. Incidence of subsequent injury to either knee within 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft. Am J Sports Med. 2009 ; 37 (2). 246-251
44. Streich NA, Zimmermann D, Bode G, Schmitt H. Reconstructive versus non-reconstructive treatment of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency: a retrospective matched-pair long-term follow-up. Int Orthop. 2011 ; 35 (4). 607-613
45. Struewer J, Frangen TM, Ishaque B, et al. Knee function and prevalence of osteoarthritis after isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft: long-term follow-up. Int Orthop. 2012 ; 36 (1). 171-177
46. Thomee R, Kaplan Y, Kvist J, et al. Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011 ; 19 (11). 1798-1805
47. Van de Velde SK, Bingham JT, Hosseini A, et al. Increased tibiofemoral cartilage contact deformation in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 ; 60 (12). 3693-3702
48. von Porat A, Roos EM, Roos H. High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 ; 63 (3). 269-273
49. Wells L, Dyke JA, Albaugh J, Ganley T. Adolescent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective analysis of quadriceps strength recovery and return to full activity after surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009 ; 29 (5). 486-489