Cardiac murmurs: Congenital heart disease

Cardiology of the Horse

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 193-205

  Marr, Celia M ^a  

^a Rossdales Equine Hospital and Diagnositc Centre   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878746875     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-2817-5.00020-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (99)

1. Collobert-Laugier C, Tariel G Congenital abnormalities in foals: results of a seven year postmortem survey. Practique Veterinaire Equine 1993, 25:105-110.
2. Puyalton-Moussu C, Collobert C, Tariel G, Foucher N Study of congenital abnormalities in horses in Lower Normandy: incidence (1994-1998) and risk factors. Epidemiologie et Sante Animale 1999, 35:87-96.
3. Crowe MW, Swerczek TW Equine congenital defects. Am J Vet Res 1984, 46:353-358.
4. Reef VB Evaluation of ventricular septal defect in horses using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995, 19:86-95.
5. Buergelt D Equine cardiovascular pathology: an overview. Animal Health Res Rev 2003, 4(2).
6. Bayly WM, Reed SM, Leathers CW, et al. Multiple congenital heart anomalies in five Arabian foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982, 181(7):684-689.
7. Palmers K, van Loon G, Jorissen M, et al. Situs inversus totalis and primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener's syndrome) in a horse. J Vet Intern Med 2008, 22(2):491-494.
8. Turner SI, Jones RM Complete situs inversus in a horse. Vet Rec 2004, 155(3):96.
9. Angelini P Embyrology and congenital heart disease. Texas Heart Institute. Journal 1995, 22(1):1-12.
10. Larsen W Human Embryology 1993, Churchill Livingstone, New York.
11. Vitums A The embryonic development of the equine heart. Anat Histol Embryol 1981, 10(3):193-211.
12. Glazier DB, Farrelly BT, O'Connor J Ventricular septal defect in a 7-year-old gelding. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1975, 167(1):49-50.
13. Lombard C, Scarratt WK, Buergelt CD Ventricular septal defects in the horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983, 167:562-565.
14. Ueno Y, Tomioka Y, Kaneko M Muscular ventricular septal defect in a horse. Bull Equine Res Instit 1992, 29:15-19.
15. Deniau V, Delecroix A A case of interventricular communication in a racehorse. Practique Veterinaire Equine 2004, 36:25-31.
16. Prickett ME, Reeves JT, Zent WW Tetralogy of fallot in a thoroughbred foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1973, 162(7):552-555.
17. Reynolds DJ, Nicholl TK Tetralogy of Fallot and cranial mesenteric arteritis in a foal. Equine Vet J 1978, 10(3):185-187.
18. Keith J Tetralogy of Fallot in a Quarter horse foal. Vet Med Small Animal Clin 1981, 76(6):889-895.
19. Cargille J, Lombard C, Wilson JH, Buergelt CD Tetralogy of Fallot and segmental uterine dysplasia in a three-year-old morgan filly. Cornell Vet 1991, 81(4):411-418.
20. Houe H, Koch J, Bindseil E Tetralogy of Fallot in horses. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 1996, 79(2):43-45.
21. Gesell S, Brandes K Tetralogy of Fallot in a 7-year-old gelding. Pferdeheilkunde 2006, 22:427-430.
22. Schmitz R, Klaus C, Grabner A Detailed echocardiographic findings in a newborn foal with tetralogy of Fallot. Equine Vet Educ 2008, 20(6):298-303.
23. MacDonald A, Fowden AL, Silver M, Ousey J, Rossdale PD The foramen ovale of the foetal and neonatal foal. Equine Vet J 1988, 20:255-260.
24. Machida N, Yasuda J, Too K, Kudo N, et al. A morphological study on the obliteration processes of the ductus arteriosus in the horse. Equine Vet J 1988, 20(4):249-254.
25. Rossdale PD Clinical studies on the newborn thoroughbred foal. II. Heart rate, auscultation and electrocardiogram. Br Vet J 1967, 123(12):521-532.
26. Livesey L, Marr CM, Boswood A, Freeman S, Bowen IM, Corley KTT Auscultation and two-dimensional, M mode, spectral and colour flow Doppler echocardiographic findings in pony foals from birth to seven weeks of age. J Vet Intern Med 1998, 12:255.
27. Yamamoto K, Yasuda J, Too K Arrhythmias in newborn Thoroughbred foals. Equine Vet J 1992, 23:169-173.
28. Lombard C, Evans M, Martin L, Tehrani J Blood pressure, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram measurements in the growing pony foal. Equine Vet J 1984, 16:342-347.
29. Lamb C, O'Callaghan MW, Paradis MR Thoracic radiography in the neonatal foal: a preliminary report. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1990, 31:11-16.
30. Stewart J, Rose RJ, Barko A Echocardiography in foals from birth to three months old. Equine Vet J 1984, 16:332-341.
31. Reef VB Echocardiographic findings in horses with congenital cardiac disease. Comp Contin Educ 1991, 13:109-117.
32. Schwarzwald C Sequential segmental analysis: a systematic approach to the diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects. Equine Vet Educ 2008, 20:305-309.
33. Hinchcliff KW, Adams WM Critical pulmonic stenosis in a newborn foal. Equine Vet J 1991, 23:318-320.
34. Steyn PF, Holland P, Hoffman J The angiographic diagnosis of a persistent truncus arteriosus in a foal. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1989, 60:106-108.
35. Meurs KM, Miller MW, Hanson C, Honnas C, et al. Tricuspid valve atresia with main pulmonary artery atresia in an Arabian foal. Equine Vet J 1997, 29(2):160-162.
36. Carlsten J, Kvart C, Jeffcott LB Method for selective and non-selective angiocardiography in the horse. Equine Vet J 1984, 16(1):47-52.
37. Critchley KL The importance of blood gas measurement in the diagnosis of an interventricular septal defect in a horse: a case report. Equine Vet J 1976, 8:120-129.
38. Koblik PD, Hornof WJ Use of first pass nuclear angiocardiography to detect left-to-right cardiac shunts in the horse. Vet Radiol 1987, 28(5):177-180.
39. Koblik PD, Hornof WJ Diagnostic radiology and nuclear cardiology: their use in assessment of equine cardiovascular disease. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1985, 1(2):289-309.
40. Bonagura JD, Pipers FS Diagnosis of cardiac lesions by contrast echocardiography. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983, 182(4):396-402.
41. Kvart C, Carlsten J, Jeffcott LB, Nilsfors L, et al. Diagnostic value of contrast echocardiography in the horse. Equine Vet J 1985, 17(5):357-360.
42. Critchley KL An interventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and bicuspid pulmonary valve in a Welsh pony foal. Equine Vet J 1976, 8(4):176-178.
43. Muylle E, De Roose P, Oyaert W, van den Hende C, et al. An interventricular septal defect and a tricuspid valve insufficiency in a trotter mare. Equine Vet J 1974, 6(4):174-176.
44. Pipers FS, Reef VB, Wilson J Echocardiographic detection of ventricular septal defects in large animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985, 187:810-816.
45. van der Linde-Sipman JS, Goedegebuure SA, Kroneman J Persistent right aortic arch associated with a persistent left ductus arteriosus and an interventricular septal defect in a horse. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1979, 104(20 suppl 4):189-194.
46. Reppas GP, Canfield PJ, Hartley WJ, et al. Multiple congenital cardiac anomalies and idiopathic thoracic aortitis in a horse. Vet Rec 1996, 138(1):14-16.
47. Vitums A Origin of the aorta and pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle in a horse. Pathol Vet 1970, 7(6):482-491.
48. Chaffin MK, Miller MW, Morris EL Double outlet right ventricle and other associated congenital cardiac anomalies in an American miniature horse foal. Equine Vet J 1992, 24(5):402-406.
49. Rooney G, Franks WC Congenital cardiac anomalies in horses. Pathol Vet 1964, 1:454-464.
50. Reef VB, Spencer P Echocardiographic evaluation of equine aortic insufficiency. Am J Vet Res 1987, 48(6):904-909.
51. Menzel B, Kalmar P, Pokar H Surgical correction of a ventricular septum defect in a mare with the help of extracorporeal circulation. Praktische Tierarzt 1995, 76(12):1069-1072.
52. Bonagura JD, Blissitt KJ Echocardiography. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995, 19:5-17.
53. Davis JL, Gardner SY, Schwabenton B, Breuhaus BA, et al. Congestive heart failure in horses: 14 cases (1984-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002, 220(10):1512-1515.
54. Taylor FG, Wotton PR, Hillyer MH, Barr FJ, Luce VM Atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation in a foal. Vet Rec 1991, 128:80-81.
55. Physick-Sheard PW, Maxie MG, Palmer NC, Gaul C, et al. Atrial septal defect of the persistent ostium primum type with hypoplastic right ventricle in a Welsh pony foal. Can J Comp Med 1985, 49(4):429-433.
56. Rahal C, Collatos C, Solano M, Bildfell R Pentalogy of Fallot, renal infarction and renal abscess in a mare. J Equine Vet Sci 1997, 17(11):604-607.
57. Guarda HI, Schifferlis RCA, Alvarez MLH, Probst A, Konig HE A patent ductus arteriosus in a foal. Wiener Tieräztliche Monatsschrift 2005, 92:233-237.
58. Buergelt C, Carmichael JA, Tashjian RJ, Das KM Spontaneous rupture of the left pulmonary artery in a horse with patent ductus arteriosus. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1970, 186:1210-1213.
59. Hare T A patent ductus arteriosus in an aged horse. J Path Bact 1931, 84:124.
60. Reimer JM, Marr CM, Reef VB, Saik JE Aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery and patent ductus arteriosus in a pony foal with pulmonary hypertension and right sided heart failure. Equine Vet J 1993, 25:466-470.
61. Gross DR, Clark DR, McDonald DR, McCrady JD, Allert JA Congestive heart failure associated with congenital aortic valvular insufficiency in a horse. Southwestern Vet 1977, 30:27-34.
62. Clark ES, Reef VB, Sweeny CR, Lichtensteiger C Aortic valvular insufficiency in a one-year-old colt. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987, 191:841-844.
63. Taylor SE, Else RW, Keen JA Congenital aortic valve dysplasia in a Clydesdale Foal. Equine Vet Educ 2007, 19:463-468.
64. Reimer JM Congenital defects and reversions to foetal circulation. Atlas of Equine Ultrasonography 1998, 138-147. Mosby, St Louis. J.M. Reimer (Ed.).
65. King JM, Flint TJ, Anderson WI Incomplete subaortic stenotic rings in domestic animals: a newly described congenital anomaly. Cornell Vet 1988, 78:262-271.
66. McGurrin MK, Physick-Sheard PW, Southorn E Parachute left atrioventricular valve causing stenosis and regurgitation in a Thoroughbred foal. J Vet Intern Med 2003, 17(4):579-582.
67. Gehlen H, Bubeck K, Stadler P Valvular pulmonic stenosis with normal aortic root and intact ventricular and atrial septa in an Arabian horse. Equine Vet Educ 2001, 13(6):286-288.
68. Vitums A, Bayly WM Pulmonary atresia with dextroposition of the aorta and ventricular septal defect in three Arabian foals. Vet Pathol 1982, 19(2):160-168.
69. Cottrill C, O'Connor WN, Cudd T, Rantanen NW Persistence of foetal circulatory pathways in a newborn foal. Equine Vet J 1987, 19:252-255.
70. Young LE, Blunden AS, Bartram DH, Edgar A Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum in a thoroughbred foal. Equine Vet Educ 1997, 9:123-127.
71. Anderson R The pathological spectrum of pulmonary atresia. Equine Vet Educ 1997, 9(3):128-132.
72. Bonagura J, Reef VB Disorders of the cardiovascular system. Equine Internal Medicine 2004, 355-460. Saunders, Philadelphia. S. Reed, W.M. Bayly, D.C. Sellon (Eds.).
73. Gumbrell RC Atresia of the tricuspid valve in a foal. N Z Vet J 1970, 18(11):253-256.
74. Button C, Gross DR, Allert JA, Kitzman JV, et al. Tricuspid atresia in a foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978, 172(7):825-830.
75. van Nie CJ, van der Kamp JS [Congenital tricuspid atresia in a premature foal]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1979, 104(10):411-416.
76. van der Linde-Sipman JS, van den Ingh TS Tricuspid atresia in a foal and a lamb. Zentralbl Veterinärmed A 1979, 26A(3):239-242.
77. Hadlow W, Ward JK Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice in an Arabian foal. Vet Pathol 1980, 17(5):622-626.
78. Honnas C, Puckett MJ, Schumacher J Tricuspid atresia in a Quarter horse foal. Southwestern Vet 1987, 38(1):17-20.
79. Wilson RB, Haffner JC Right atrioventricular atresia and ventricular septal defect in a foal. Cornell Vet 1987, 77(2):187-191.
80. Reef VB, Mann PC, Orsini PG Echocardiographic detection of tricuspid atresia in two foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987, 191(2):225-228.
81. Zamora CS, Vitums A, Nyrop KA, Sande RD, et al. Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice with complete transposition of the great arteries in a horse. Anat Histol Embryol 1989, 18(2):177-182.
82. Rang H, Hurtienne H [Persistent truncus arteriosus in a 2-year old horse]. Tierärztl Prax 1976, 4(1):55-58.
83. Sojka JE Persistent truncus arteriosus in a foal. Equine Pract 1987, 9:24-26.
84. Stephen J, Abbott J, Middleton DM, Clarke C Persistent truncus arteriosus in a Bashkir Curly foal. Equine Vet Educ 2000, 12(5):251-255.
85. Jesty SA, Wilkins PA, Palmer JE, Reef VB Persistent truncus arteriosus in two Standardbred foals. Equine Vet Educ 2007, 19:307-311.
86. Greene H, Wray DD, Greenway JA Two equine congenital cardiac anomalies. Irish. Vet J 1975, 29(7):115-117.
87. McClure JJ, Gaber CE, Watters JW, Qualls CW, et al. Complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis in a Thoroughbred foal. Equine Vet J 1983, 15(4):377-380.
88. Vitums A, Grant BD, Stone EC, Spencer GR, et al. Transposition of the aorta and atresia of the pulmonary trunk in a horse. Cornell Vet 1973, 63(1):41-57.
89. Sleeper MM, Palmer JE Echocardiographic diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries in a neonatal foal. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005, 46(3):259-262.
90. Valdes-Martinez A, Easdes SC, Strickland KN, Roberts ED Echocardiographic evidence of an aortic-pulmonary septal defect in a 4-day-old thoroughbred foal. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006, 47:87-89.
91. Musselman EE, LoGuidice RJ Hypoplastic left ventricular syndrome in a foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984, 185(5):542-543.
92. Ecke P, Malik R, Kannegieter NJ Common atrioventricular canal in a foal. N Z Vet J 1991, 39(3):97-98.
93. Kraus MS, Pariaut R, Alcaraz A, Gelzer ARM, Malik N, Renaud-Farrell S, et al. Complete atrioventricular canal defect in a foal: clinical and pathological features. J. Vet Cardiol 2005, 7:59-64.
94. Kutasi O, Voros K, Biksi I, et al. Common atrioventricular canal in a newborn foal: case report and review of the literature. Acta Vet Hung 2007, 55(1):51-65.
95. Scott E, Chaffee A, Eyster GE, Kneler SK Interruption of the aortic arch in two foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978, 172:347-350.
96. Amend J, Ross JN, Garner HE, Rosborough JP, Hoff HE Systolic time intervals in domestic ponies: alterations in a case of coarctation of the aorta. Can J Comp Med 1975, 39:62-66.
97. Seco Diaz O, Desrochers A, Hoffmann V, Reef VB, et al. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a foal. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005, 46(1):83-85.
98. Machado G, Candioto CG, Carvalhal R, Vasconcelos R de O, Espirito-Sando EF, Oliveira DB Congenital anomaly in the vessels at base of a foal heart. Brazilian J. Vet Res Anim Sci 2006, 43(3):408-411.
99. Patterson-Kane JC, Harrison LR Giant right atrial diverticulum in a foal. J Vet Diagn Invest 2002, 14(4):335-337.