The ability of a nanofiltration membrane to remove hardness and ions from diluted seawater

Water (Switzerland)

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 283-294

  Izadpanah, Amir Abbas ^a   Javidnia, Asghar ^b  

^a PERSIAN GULF UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^b ParsianFarAb Co   (Iran)

Author keywords

Hardness; Membrane; Nanofiltration; Potable water; Seawater

Indexed keywords

DESALINATION; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; FILTRATION; HARDNESS; MEMBRANE; PRESSURE; SEAWATER;

EID: 84878708288     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734441     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/w4020283     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Bruggen, B.V.; Vandecasteele, C. Distillation vs. membrane filtration: Overview of process evolutions in seawater desalination. Desalination 2002, 143, 207-218.
2. Raman, L.P.; Cheryan, M.; Rajagopalan, N. Consider nanofiltration for membrane separation. Chem. Eng. Prog.1994, 90, 68-74.
3. Eriksson, P. Nanofiltartion extends the range of membrane filtration. Environ. Prog. 1988, 7, 58-61.
4. Schaep, J.; van der Bruggen, B.; Uytterhoeven, S.; Croux, R.; Vandecasteele, C.; Wilms, D.; van Houtte, E.; Vanlerberghe, F. Removal of hardness from groundwater by nanofiltration. Desalination 1998, 119, 295-302.
5. Gorenflo, A.; Velazquez-Padron, D.; Frimmel, F.H. Nanofiltration of a German groundwater of high hardness and NOM content: Performance and coast. Desalination 2002, 151, 253-265.
6. Orecki, A.; Tomaszewska, M.; Karakulski, K.; Morawski, A.W. Surface water treatment by nanofiltration method. Desalination 2004, 162, 47-54.
7. Ghizellaoui, S.; Taha, S.; Dorange, G.; Chibani, A.; Gabon, J. Softening of Hamma drinking water by nanofiltration and by lime in the presence of heavy metals. Desalination 2004, 171, 133-138.
8. Ghizellaoui, S.; Chibani, A.; Chizellaoui, S. Use of nonofiltration for partial softening of very hard water. Desalination 2005, 179, 315-322.
9. Hilal, N.; Al-Zoubi, H.; Mohammad, A.W.; Darwish, N.A. Nonofiltration of highly concentrated salt solutions up to seawater salinity. Desalination 2005, 184, 315-326.
10. Costa, A.R.; de Pinho, M.N. Performance and cost estimation of nanofiltration for surface water treatment in drinking water production. Desalination 2006, 196, 55-65.
11. Galanakis, C.M.; Fountoulis, G.; Gekas, V. Nanofiltration of brackish groundwater by using a polypiperazine membrane. Desalination 2012, 286, 277-284.
12. Rand, M.C.; Greenbeenberg, A.E.; Taras, M.J. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21th ed.; American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation: Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
13. Geraldes, V.; de Pinho, M.N.; Fonseca, C.M.S.; Duarte, E. Spiral-Wound Module Nanofiltration of Surface River Water; E-Water: Hennef, Germany, 2008; pp. 1-13.