High flight costs, but low dive costs, in auks support the biomechanical hypothesis for flightlessness in penguins

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 110, Issue 23, 2013, Pages 9380-9384

  Elliott, Kyle H ^a   Ricklefs, Robert E ^b   Gaston, Anthony J ^c   Hatch, Scott A ^d   Speakman, John R ^e,f   Davoren, Gail K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

^c CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^f INSTITUTE OF GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Adaptive landscape; Energetics; Flight performance; Morphology

Indexed keywords

AEROBIC CAPACITY; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BASAL METABOLIC RATE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY SIZE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENERGY COST; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FLIGHT; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PENGUIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THERMOREGULATION;

ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE; ENERGETICS; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY;

ALASKA; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; BIOMECHANICS; CHARADRIIFORMES; DIVING; ENERGY METABOLISM; FLIGHT, ANIMAL; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NUNAVUT; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; SPHENISCIDAE;

ANIMALIA; AVES; LARIDAE; PHALACROCORACIDAE; PHALACROCORAX PELAGICUS; PINGUINUS; SPHENISCIDAE; URIA LOMVIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 84878676367     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304838110     Document Type: Article

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