Glacial hazards in the Rolwaling valley of Nepal and numerical approach to predict potential outburst flood from glacial lake

Landslides

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 299-313

  Shrestha, Badri Bhakta ^a   Nakagawa, Hajime ^b   Kawaike, Kenji ^b   Baba, Yasuyuki ^b   Zhang, Hao ^b  

^a Public Works Research Institute   (Japan)

^b KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Glacial hazard assessment; Impact of climate change; Moraine dam failure; Numerical approach; Rolwaling valley

Indexed keywords

DAM FAILURE; GLACIAL HAZARDS; HYDRAULIC MODEL EXPERIMENTS; NUMERICAL APPROACHES; ROLWALING VALLEY; SIMPLIFIED METHOD; SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

DAMS; DISASTERS; EROSION; FLOODS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; HYDRAULIC MODELS; LAKES; MOISTURE; NUMERICAL MODELS; SEEPAGE;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

CATASTROPHIC EVENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FLOOD; GLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; GLACIAL LAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MOISTURE; MORAINE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OUTBURST; PREDICTION; SEEPAGE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

HIMALAYAS; JANAKPUR; NEPAL; TSHO ROLPA;

EID: 84878559899     PISSN: 1612510X     EISSN: 16125118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-012-0327-7     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bajracharya OR (2008) Himalayan glacier and glacier lake outburst flood (GLOF). SAARC Workshop on Climate Change and Disaster: Emerging Trends and Future Strategies, Kathmandu, Nepal.
2. Bajracharya SR (2010) Glacial lake outburst flood disaster risk reduction activities in Nepal. International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering 3(1): 92-101.
3. Bajracharya SR, Mool PK, Shrestha BR (2006) The impact of global warming on the glaciers of the Himalaya. International Symposium on Geo-disasters, Infrastructure Management and Protection of World Heritage Sites, Nepal Engineering College, Ehime University and National Society for Earthquake Technology, Nepal, pp. 231-242.
4. Bajracharya SR, Mool PK, Shrestha BR (2007a) Impact of climate change on Himalayan glaciers and glacial lakes, case studies on GLOF and associated hazards in Nepal and Bhutan. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), pp. 1-119.
5. Bajracharya B, Shrestha AB, Rajbhandari L (2007b) Glacial lake outburst floods in the Sagarmatha region. Mt Res Dev 27(4): 336-344.
6. Cenderelli AD, Wohl EE (2001) Peak discharge estimates of glacial-lake outburst floods and "normal" climatic floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal. Geomorphology 40: 57-90.
7. Clague JJ, Evans SG (2000) A review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia. Quat Sci Rev 19: 1763-1783.
8. Costa JE, Schuster RL (1988) The formation and failure of natural dams. Geol Soc Am Bull 100: 1054-1068.
9. Evans SG (1986) The maximum discharge of outburst floods caused by the breaching of man-made and natural dams. Can Geotech J 23: 385-387.
10. Fread DL (1988) DAMBRK: the NWS DAMBRK model: Theoretical background/user documentation. Hydrologic Research Laboratory, Office of Hydrology, NWS, NOAA.
11. Fread DL (1991) BREACH: an erosion model for earthen dam failures. U. S. National Weather Service, Office of Hydrology, Silver Spring, Maryland.
12. Freeze RA (1978) Mathematical models of hillslope hydrology. In: Kirkby MJ (ed) hillslope hydrology. Wiley, New York, pp 177-225.
13. Fujita K, Kadota T, Rana B, Kayastha RB, Ageta Y (2001) Shrinkage of Glacier AX010 in Shorong region, Nepal Himalayas in the 1990s. Bull Glaciol Res 18: 51-54.
14. Horstmann B (2004) Glacial lake outburst floods in Nepal and Switzerland-new threats due to climate change. Germanwatch, pp. 1-11. http://www. germanwatch. org/download/klak/fb-gl-e. pdf. Accessed 26 April 2010.
15. Huggel C, Haeberli W, Kääb A, Bieri D, Richardson S (2004) An assessment procedure for glacial hazards in the Swiss Alps. Can Geotech J 41: 1068-1083.
16. Matambo ST, Shrestha AB (2011) Nepal: Responding Proactively to Glacial Hazards, World Resources Report, Washington DC, pp. 1-18. http://www. worldresourcesreport. org. Accessed 15 May 2011.
17. Mool PK (2010) Glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in the Himalayas. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). http://geoportal. icimod. org/symposium2010/PPT/Theme-I/PK%20Mool. pdf. Accessed 25 April 2011.
18. Mool PK, Bajracharya SR, Joshi SP (2001) Risk assessment of Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake along the Rolwaling and Tama Koshi valleys, Dolakha District, Nepal. United Nations Environment Programme-Asia and the Pacific (UNEP-AP) and International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).
19. Nakagawa H (1989) Study on risk evaluation of flood and sediment inundation disaster, Doctoral Thesis, Kyoto University (in Japanese).
20. Nakagawa H, Utsumi T, Kawaike K, Baba Y, Zhang H (2011) Erosion of unsaturated river embankment due to overtopping water. Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, JSCE, Keynote Lecture, 55: K-1-K-4.
21. Osti R, Egashira S (2009) Hydrodynamic characteristics of the Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood in the Mt. Everest region, Nepal. Hydrol Process 23: 2943-2955.
22. Reynolds JM (1999) Glacial hazard assessment at Tsho Rolpa, Rolwaling, Central Nepal. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, the Geological Society of London 32: 209-214.
23. Richardson SD, Reynolds JM (2000a) An overview of glacial hazards in the Himalayas. Quat Int 65(66): 31-47.
24. Richardson SD, Reynolds JM (2000b) Degradation of ice-cored moraine dams: implications for hazard development. In: Nakawo M, Raymond CF, Fountain A (eds) Debris-covered Glaciers, IAHS Red Book series, 264: 187-198.
25. Shrestha AB, Eriksson M, Mool P, Ghimire P, Mishra B, Khanal NR (2010) Glacial lake outburst flood risk assessment of Sun Koshi basin, Nepal. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 1(2): 157-169.
26. Takahashi T (1991) Debris flow. IAHR Monograph Series. Balkema, Rotterdam.
27. Takahashi T, Nakagawa H, Harada T, Yamashiki Y (1992) Routing debris flows with particle segregation. J Hydraul Eng 118(11): 1490-1507.
28. Takahashi T, Nakagawa H, Satofuka Y (2001) Prediction of reservoir sedimentation and development of reduction system for the sedimentation. Annuals of Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, 44(B-2): 193-206 (in Japanese with English abstract).
29. U. S. Corps of Engineers (2002) HEC-RAS river analysis system hydraulic reference manual. Hydraulic Engineering Center Report, CPD-69. US Corps of Engineers, Davis.
30. van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 892-898.
31. Vanapalli SK, Fredlund DG, Pufahl DE, Clifton AW (1996) Model for the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction. Can Geotech J 33: 379-392.
32. Wang X, Lui S, Guo W, Xu J (2008) Assessment and simulation of glacier lake outburst floods for Longbasaba and Pida lakes, China. Mt Res Dev 28(3/4): 310-317.
33. WECS (Water and Energy Commission Secretariat) (1993) Interim report on the field investigation on the Tsho Rolpa Glacier Lake, Rolwaling valley. WECS, Nepal Government.
34. Yamada T (1998) Glacier lake and its outburst flood in the Nepal Himalaya. Data Center for Glacier Research. Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, Monograph 1: 1-96.