메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 467-481

Update on raloxifene: Mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and contraindications

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HOMOCYSTEINE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; PLACEBO; RALOXIFENE; TAMOXIFEN; TELOMERASE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE;

EID: 84878539661     PISSN: 00297828     EISSN: 15339866     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e31828baef9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (80)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0037434618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective estrogen-receptor modulatorsV mechanisms of action and application to clinical practice
    • Riggs BL, Hartmann LC. Selective estrogen-receptor modulatorsV mechanisms of action and application to clinical practice.NEngl J Med. 2003;348: 618-629.
    • (2003) NEngl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 618-629
    • Riggs, B.L.1    Hartmann, L.C.2
  • 2
    • 77956355088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute, September, Accessed November 25, 2012
    • FDA Approval for Raloxifene Hydrochloride. National Cancer Institute, September 2007. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/fda- raloxifene-hydrochloride. Accessed November 25, 2012.
    • (2007) FDA Approval for Raloxifene Hydrochloride
  • 3
    • 33745920789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-benefit profiles of raloxifene for women
    • Stefanick ML. Risk-benefit profiles of raloxifene for women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355: 190-192.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 190-192
    • Stefanick, M.L.1
  • 4
    • 85056054843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene: Mechanism of action, effects on bone tissue, and applicability in clinical traumatology practice
    • Rey JR, Cervino EV, Rentero ML, et al. Raloxifene: mechanism of action, effects on bone tissue, and applicability in clinical traumatology practice. Open Orthop J. 2009;3: 14-21.
    • (2009) Open Orthop J , vol.3 , pp. 14-21
    • Rey, J.R.1    Cervino, E.V.2    Rentero, M.L.3
  • 5
    • 1642544604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective estrogen receptor modulation: Concept and consequences in cancer
    • Jordan VC. Selective estrogen receptor modulation: concept and consequences in cancer. Cancer Cell. 2004;5: 207-213.
    • (2004) Cancer Cell , vol.5 , pp. 207-213
    • Jordan, V.C.1
  • 6
    • 77953454945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and efficacy of raloxifene in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: An update
    • Messalli EM, Scaffa C. Long-term safety and efficacy of raloxifene in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: an update. Int J Womens Health. 2010;1: 11-20.
    • (2010) Int J Womens Health , vol.1 , pp. 11-20
    • Messalli, E.M.1    Scaffa, C.2
  • 7
    • 0036171788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene regulates osteoclast and osteoblast activity in vitro
    • Taranta A, Brama M, Teti A, et al. The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene regulates osteoclast and osteoblast activity in vitro. Bone. 2002;30: 368-376.
    • (2002) Bone , vol.30 , pp. 368-376
    • Taranta, A.1    Brama, M.2    Teti, A.3
  • 8
    • 10344259093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene modulates interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis in vivo: Results from a pilot clinical study
    • Gianni W, Ricci A, Gazzaniga P, et al. Raloxifene modulates interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis in vivo: results from a pilot clinical study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89: 6097-6099.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 6097-6099
    • Gianni, W.1    Ricci, A.2    Gazzaniga, P.3
  • 9
    • 0035137810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex steroids and bone
    • Compston JE. Sex steroids and bone. Physiol Rev. 2001;81: 419-447.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 419-447
    • Compston, J.E.1
  • 10
    • 0141564591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene concurrently stimulates osteoprotegerin and inhibitsinterleukin-6 production by human trabecular osteoblasts
    • Viereck V, Gru? ndkerC, Blaschke S, et al. Raloxifene concurrently stimulates osteoprotegerin and inhibitsinterleukin-6 production by human trabecular osteoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88: 4206-4213.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 4206-4213
    • Viereck, V.1    Gru Ndker, C.2    Blaschke, S.3
  • 11
    • 33845402400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene therapy interacts with serum osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal women
    • Messalli EM, Mainini G, Scaffa C, et al. Raloxifene therapy interacts with serum osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2007;56: 38-44.
    • (2007) Maturitas , vol.56 , pp. 38-44
    • Messalli, E.M.1    Mainini, G.2    Scaffa, C.3
  • 12
    • 51449103629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene: A review of its use in the prevention of invasive breast cancer
    • Moen MD, Keating GM. Raloxifene: a review of its use in the prevention of invasive breast cancer. Drugs. 2008;68: 2059-2083.
    • (2008) Drugs , vol.68 , pp. 2059-2083
    • Moen, M.D.1    Keating, G.M.2
  • 13
    • 77649195290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 antigen expression in breast carcinomas of women treated with raloxifene
    • Lopes-Costa PV, dos Santos AR, dos Santos LG, et al. Evaluation of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 antigen expression in breast carcinomas of women treated with raloxifene. Cell Prolif. 2010;43: 124-129.
    • (2010) Cell Prolif , vol.43 , pp. 124-129
    • Lopes-Costa, P.V.1    Dos Santos, A.R.2    Dos Santos, L.G.3
  • 14
    • 81855176243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of raloxifene on telomerase expression in breast carcinoma samples from postmenopausal women
    • dos Santos LG, da Silva BB. The effect of raloxifene on telomerase expression in breast carcinoma samples from postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;159: 165-167.
    • (2011) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.159 , pp. 165-167
    • Dos Santos, L.G.1    Da Silva, B.B.2
  • 15
    • 67649881466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of raloxifene on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in breast carcinomas of postmenopausal women
    • da Silva BB, dos Santos AR, Pires CG, et al. Effect of raloxifene on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in breast carcinomas of postmenopausal women. Cell Prolif. 2009; 42: 506-510.
    • (2009) Cell Prolif , vol.42 , pp. 506-510
    • Da Silva, B.B.1    Dos Santos, A.R.2    Pires, C.G.3
  • 16
    • 79953802503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen and raloxifene suppress the proliferation of estrogen receptorYnegative cells through inhibition of glutamine uptake
    • Todorova VK, Kaufmann Y, Luo S, et al. Tamoxifen and raloxifene suppress the proliferation of estrogen receptorYnegative cells through inhibition of glutamine uptake. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011;67: 285-291.
    • (2011) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.67 , pp. 285-291
    • Todorova, V.K.1    Kaufmann, Y.2    Luo, S.3
  • 17
    • 49849103987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on normal human endometrial cells in an organotypic in vitro model
    • Bläuer M, Heinonen PK, Rovio P, et al. Effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on normal human endometrial cells in an organotypic in vitro model. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;592: 13-18.
    • (2008) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.592 , pp. 13-18
    • Bläuer, M.1    Heinonen, P.K.2    Rovio, P.3
  • 18
    • 20144383817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of estrogen and raloxifene on messenger RNA and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in the rat uterus
    • Helvering LM, AdrianMD, Geiser AG, et al. Differential effects of estrogen and raloxifene on messenger RNA and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity in the rat uterus. Biol Reprod. 2005;72: 830-841.
    • (2005) Biol Reprod , vol.72 , pp. 830-841
    • Helvering, L.M.1    Adrian, M.D.2    Geiser, A.G.3
  • 19
    • 70349419647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential actions of estrogen and SERMs in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of endometrial cells
    • Flamini MI, Sanchez AM, Goglia L, et al. Differential actions of estrogen and SERMs in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of endometrial cells. Mol Hum Reprod. 2009;15: 675-685.
    • (2009) Mol Hum Reprod , vol.15 , pp. 675-685
    • Flamini, M.I.1    Sanchez, A.M.2    Goglia, L.3
  • 20
    • 52449126104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, induces mitochondriamediated apoptosis in human endometrial carcinoma cells
    • Morishima S, Shibata MA, Ohmichi M, et al. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, induces mitochondriamediated apoptosis in human endometrial carcinoma cells. Med Mol Morphol. 2008;41: 132-138.
    • (2008) Med Mol Morphol , vol.41 , pp. 132-138
    • Morishima, S.1    Shibata, M.A.2    Ohmichi, M.3
  • 21
    • 28944432031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women
    • Azevedo GD, Franco RF, Baggio MS, et al. Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2005;84: 1680-1684.
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.84 , pp. 1680-1684
    • Azevedo, G.D.1    Franco, R.F.2    Baggio, M.S.3
  • 22
    • 33750820976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene and continuous combined hormone therapy on haemostasis variables: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study
    • Sgarabotto M, Baldini M, Dei Cas A, et al. Effects of raloxifene and continuous combined hormone therapy on haemostasis variables: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. Thromb Res. 2007;119: 85-91.
    • (2007) Thromb Res , vol.119 , pp. 85-91
    • Sgarabotto, M.1    Baldini, M.2    Dei Cas, A.3
  • 23
    • 3242735036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of estradiol and raloxifene on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts
    • Surazynski A, Jarzabek K, Haczynski J, et al. Differential effects of estradiol and raloxifene on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med. 2003;12: 803-809.
    • (2003) Int J Mol Med , vol.12 , pp. 803-809
    • Surazynski, A.1    Jarzabek, K.2    Haczynski, J.3
  • 24
    • 38449088024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of raloxifene on platelet metabolism and plasma lipids
    • Nanetti L, Camilletti A, Francucci CM, et al. Role of raloxifene on platelet metabolism and plasma lipids. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38: 117-125.
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.38 , pp. 117-125
    • Nanetti, L.1    Camilletti, A.2    Francucci, C.M.3
  • 25
    • 0028173543 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of high-density lipoprotein on platelet function is mediated by an increase in nitric oxide synthase activity in platelets
    • Chen LY, Metha JL. Inhibitory effect of high-density lipoprotein on platelet function is mediated by an increase in nitric oxide synthase activity in platelets. Life Sci. 1994;55: 1815-1821.
    • (1994) Life Sci , vol.55 , pp. 1815-1821
    • Chen, L.Y.1    Metha, J.L.2
  • 26
    • 10644283864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: Breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene
    • CORE Investigators
    • Martino S, Cauley JA, Barrett-Connor E, et al. CORE Investigators. Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96: 1751-1761.
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 1751-1761
    • Martino, S.1    Cauley, J.A.2    Barrett-Connor, E.3
  • 27
    • 0034639224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early postmenopausal women: Three-year data from 2 double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trials
    • Johnston CC Jr, Bjarnason NH, Cohen FJ, et al. Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early postmenopausal women: three-year data from 2 double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160: 3444-3450.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 3444-3450
    • Johnston Jr., C.C.1    Bjarnason, N.H.2    Cohen, F.J.3
  • 28
    • 18544381541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Four-year results from a randomized clinical trial
    • Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Investigators
    • Delmas PD, Ensrud KE, Adachi JD, et al. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Investigators. Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: four-year results from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87: 3609-3617.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 3609-3617
    • Delmas, P.D.1    Ensrud, K.E.2    Adachi, J.D.3
  • 29
    • 24144487677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal effects of raloxifene after 8 years: Results from the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) study
    • Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) Investigators
    • Siris ES, Harris ST, Eastell R, et al. Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) Investigators. Skeletal effects of raloxifene after 8 years: results from the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) study. J Bone Miner Res. 2005; 20: 1514-1524.
    • (2005) J Bone Miner Res , vol.20 , pp. 1514-1524
    • Siris, E.S.1    Harris, S.T.2    Eastell, R.3
  • 30
    • 0037827267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of osteoporosis and uterine effects in postmenopausal women taking raloxifene for 5 years
    • Jolly EE, Bjarnason NH, Neven P, et al. Prevention of osteoporosis and uterine effects in postmenopausal women taking raloxifene for 5 years. Menopause. 2003;10: 337-344.
    • (2003) Menopause , vol.10 , pp. 337-344
    • Jolly, E.E.1    Bjarnason, N.H.2    Neven, P.3
  • 31
    • 33745876266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women
    • Raloxifene Use for the Heart (RUTH) Trial Investigators
    • Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P, et al. Raloxifene Use for the Heart (RUTH) Trial Investigators. Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355: 125-137.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 125-137
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Mosca, L.2    Collins, P.3
  • 32
    • 33745249570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: The NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial
    • National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP)
    • Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. JAMA. 2006;295: 2727-2741.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 2727-2741
    • Vogel, V.G.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Wickerham, D.L.3
  • 33
    • 0035120523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continued breast cancer risk reduction in postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene: 4-year results from the MORE trial. Multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation
    • Cauley JA, Norton L, Lippman ME, et al. Continued breast cancer risk reduction in postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene: 4-year results from the MORE trial. Multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;65: 125-134.
    • (2001) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.65 , pp. 125-134
    • Cauley, J.A.1    Norton, L.2    Lippman, M.E.3
  • 34
    • 45849148006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene Use for the Heart Trial Investigators. Reduced incidence of invasive breast cancer with raloxifene among women at increased coronary risk
    • Grady D, Cauley JA, Geiger MJ, et al. Raloxifene Use for The Heart Trial Investigators. Reduced incidence of invasive breast cancer with raloxifene among women at increased coronary risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100: 854-861.
    • (2008) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.100 , pp. 854-861
    • Grady, D.1    Cauley, J.A.2    Geiger, M.J.3
  • 35
    • 69149087312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on the use of pharmacologic interventions including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibition for breast cancer risk reduction
    • Visvanathan K, Lippman SM, Hurley P, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update on the use of pharmacologic interventions including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibition for breast cancer risk reduction. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;115: 132-134.
    • (2009) Gynecol Oncol , vol.115 , pp. 132-134
    • Visvanathan, K.1    Lippman, S.M.2    Hurley, P.3
  • 36
    • 77953529620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update of the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR) P-2 Trial: Preventing breast cancer
    • National Surgical Adjuvant Breast And Bowel Project
    • Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. Update of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 Trial: preventing breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010;3: 696-706.
    • (2010) Cancer Prev Res (Phila) , vol.3 , pp. 696-706
    • Vogel, V.G.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Wickerham, D.L.3
  • 37
    • 0033989737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uterine effects of 3-year raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women younger than age 60
    • Cohen FJ, Watts S, Shah A, et al. Uterine effects of 3-year raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women younger than age 60. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95: 104-110.
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.95 , pp. 104-110
    • Cohen, F.J.1    Watts, S.2    Shah, A.3
  • 38
    • 55349132677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of selective oestrogen receptor modulators on proliferation in tissue cultures of pre- and postmenopausal human endometrium
    • Punyadeera C, Kamps R, Defrère S, et al. Effects of selective oestrogen receptor modulators on proliferation in tissue cultures of pre- and postmenopausal human endometrium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008;112: 102-109.
    • (2008) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.112 , pp. 102-109
    • Punyadeera, C.1    Kamps, R.2    Defrère, S.3
  • 39
    • 0033989921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-month comparative study of raloxifene, estrogen, and placebo on the postmenopausal endometrium
    • Goldstein SR, Scheele WH, Rajagopalan SK, et al. A 12-month comparative study of raloxifene, estrogen, and placebo on the postmenopausal endometrium. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95: 95-103.
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.95 , pp. 95-103
    • Goldstein, S.R.1    Scheele, W.H.2    Rajagopalan, S.K.3
  • 40
    • 1442326213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene therapy does not affect uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women: A transvaginal Doppler study
    • de Azevedo GD, do Prado MF, Ferriani RA, et al. Raloxifene therapy does not affect uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women: a transvaginal Doppler study. Maturitas. 2004;47: 195-200.
    • (2004) Maturitas , vol.47 , pp. 195-200
    • De Azevedo, G.D.1    Do Prado, M.F.2    Ferriani, R.A.3
  • 41
    • 2642712522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women
    • Walsh BW, Kuller LH,Wild RA, et al. Effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1998;279: 1445-1451.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1445-1451
    • Walsh, B.W.1    Kuller, L.H.2    Wild, R.A.3
  • 42
    • 0035089810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized control study of the effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and homocysteine in older women
    • de Leo V, laMarca A, Morgante G, et al.Randomized control study of the effects of raloxifene on serum lipids and homocysteine in older women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184: 350-353.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.184 , pp. 350-353
    • De Leo, V.1    Lamarca, A.2    Morgante, G.3
  • 43
    • 31944433636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of improved serum fatty acid profile of postmenopausal women receiving atorvastatin and raloxifene
    • Piperi C, Zisaki K, Skenderi K, et al. Evidence of improved serum fatty acid profile of postmenopausal women receiving atorvastatin and raloxifene. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;25: 476-481.
    • (2005) J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.25 , pp. 476-481
    • Piperi, C.1    Zisaki, K.2    Skenderi, K.3
  • 44
    • 14944341463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of raloxifene and hormone therapy on serum markers of brain and whole-body cholesterol metabolism in postmenopausal women
    • Vogelvang TE, Mijatovic V, van der Mooren MJ, et al. Effect of raloxifene and hormone therapy on serum markers of brain and whole-body cholesterol metabolism in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2005;50: 312-320.
    • (2005) Maturitas , vol.50 , pp. 312-320
    • Vogelvang, T.E.1    Mijatovic, V.2    Van Der Mooren, M.J.3
  • 45
    • 78751591701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled study of the effects of raloxifene on high sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum lipids
    • Oztas E, Kurtay G. Randomized, controlled study of the effects of raloxifene on high sensitivity C-reactive protein and serum lipids. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;283: 71-77.
    • (2011) Arch Gynecol Obstet , vol.283 , pp. 71-77
    • Oztas, E.1    Kurtay, G.2
  • 46
    • 7944237873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and adverse effects associated with raloxifene: Multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation
    • Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Investigators
    • Grady D, Ettinger B, Moscarelli E, et al. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Investigators. Safety and adverse effects associated with raloxifene: multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104: 837-844.
    • (2004) Obstet Gynecol , vol.104 , pp. 837-844
    • Grady, D.1    Ettinger, B.2    Moscarelli, E.3
  • 47
    • 84875694621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for raloxifene use in daily clinical practice in the Swiss setting
    • Lippuner K, Buchard PA, De Geyter C, et al. Recommendations for raloxifene use in daily clinical practice in the Swiss setting. Eur Spine J. 2012;21: 2407-2417.
    • (2012) Eur Spine J , vol.21 , pp. 2407-2417
    • Lippuner, K.1    Buchard, P.A.2    De Geyter, C.3
  • 48
    • 0034650419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of hot flashes reported by healthy postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene or placebo during osteoporosis prevention trials
    • Cohen FJ, Lu Y. Characterization of hot flashes reported by healthy postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene or placebo during osteoporosis prevention trials. Maturitas. 2000; 34: 65-73.
    • (2000) Maturitas , vol.34 , pp. 65-73
    • Cohen, F.J.1    Lu, Y.2
  • 49
    • 81755162073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raloxifene as an adjunctive treatment for postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Usall J, Huerta-Ramos E, Iniesta R, et al. Raloxifene as an adjunctive treatment for postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72: 1552-1557.
    • (2011) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 1552-1557
    • Usall, J.1    Huerta-Ramos, E.2    Iniesta, R.3
  • 50
    • 0035857351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy
    • NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy
    • NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA. 2001;285: 785-795.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 785-795


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.