Internal erosion during soil pipeflow: State of the science for experimental and numerical analysis

Transactions of the ASABE

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 465-478

  Wilson, G V ^a   Nieber, J L ^b   Sidle, R C ^c   Fox, G A ^d  

^a USDA ARS NATIONAL SEDIMENTATION LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c Ecosystems Research Division   (United States)

^d OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ephemeral gully erosion; Erodibility; Internal erosion; Landslides; Pipeflow; Soil pipes

Indexed keywords

CONDUCTIVE POROUS MEDIUM; CRITICAL SHEAR STRESS; EMBANKMENT FAILURE; EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSIONS; ERODIBILITY; EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; INTERNAL EROSION;

EROSION; GROUNDWATER FLOW; LANDFORMS; LANDSLIDES; PIPE FLOW; POROUS MATERIALS; SHEAR STRESS; SLOPE PROTECTION; SOILS;

GEOLOGIC MODELS;

EMBANKMENT; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GULLY EROSION; HILLSLOPE; LANDSLIDE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PIPE FLOW; PIPING; SHEAR STRESS; SOIL MECHANICS; SUBSURFACE FLOW;

EID: 84878537147     PISSN: 21510032     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Akay, O., G. A. Fox, and J. Simunek. 2008. Numerical simulation of flow dynamics during macropore-subsurface drain interaction using HYDRUS. Vadose Zone J. 7(3): 909-918.
2. Anderson, A. E., M. Weiler, Y. Alila, and R. O. Hudson. 2009. Dye staining and excavation of a lateral preferential flow network. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 13(6): 935-944.
3. Barcelo, M. D., and J. L. Nieber. 1981. Simulation of the hydrology of natural pipes in a soil profile. ASAE Paper No. 812028. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
4. Barcelo, M. D., and J. L. Nieber. 1982. Influence of a soil pipe network on catchment hydrology. ASAE Paper No. 822027. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
5. Bonelli, S., O. Brivois, R. Borghi, and N. Benahmed. 2006. On the modelling of piping erosion. Comptes Rendu Mécanique 334(8-9): 555-559.
6. Brand, E. W., M. J. Dale, and J. M. Nash. 1986. Soil pipes and slope stability in Hong Kong. Qtly. J. Eng. Geol. And Hydrogeol. 19(3): 301-303.
7. Bryan, R. B., and L. E. Harvey. 1985. Observations on the geomorphic significance of tunnel erosion in a semi-arid ephemeral drainage system. Geografiska Annaler Series A 67(3-4): 257-272.
8. Chappell, N. A. 2010. Soil pipe distribution and hydrological functioning within the humid tropics: A synthesis. Hydrol. Proc. 24(12): 1567-1581.
9. Chu-Agor, M. L., G. V. Wilson, and G. A. Fox. 2008. Numerical modeling of bank instability by seepage erosion undercutting of layered streambanks. J. Hydrol. Eng. 13(12): 1133-1145.
10. DeVries, J., and T. L. Chow. 1978. Hydrologic behavior of a forested mountain soil in coastal British Columbia. Water Resour. Res. 14(5): 935-942.
11. Dunne, T. 1990. Hydrology, mechanics, and geomorphic implications of erosion by subsurface flow. In Groundwater Geomorphology: The Role of Subsurface Water in Earth-Surface Processes and Landforms, 11-28. C. G. Higgins and D. R. Coates, eds. GSA Special Paper 252. Boulder, Colo.: Geological Society of America.
12. Escue, A., and J. Cui. 2010. Comparison of turbulence models in simulating swirling pipe flows. Applied Math. Modelling 34(10): 2840-2849.
13. Faulkner, H. 2006. Piping hazard on collapsible and dispersive soils in Europe. In Soil Erosion in Europe, 537-562. J. Boardman and J. Poesen, eds. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
14. Fletcher, J. E., and P. H. Carroll. 1949. Some properties of soils associated with piping in southern Arizona. SSSA Proc. 13(C): 545-547.
15. Foster, M. A., R. Fell, and M. Spannangle. 2000. The statistics of embankment dam failures and accidents. Canadian Geotech. J. 37(5): 1000-1024.
16. Fox, G. A., and G. V. Wilson. 2010. The role of subsurface flow in hillslope and streambank erosion: A review of status and research needs. Invited review. SSSA J. 74(3): 717-733.
17. Fox, G. A., G. V. Wilson, R. K. Periketi, and R. F. Cullum. 2006. Sediment transport model for seepage erosion of streambank sediment. J. Hydrol. Eng. 11(6): 603-611.
18. Fox, G. A., G. V. Wilson, A. Simon, E. Langendoen, O. Akay, and J. W. Fuchs. 2007. Measuring streambank erosion due to ground water seepage: Correlation to bank pore water pressure, precipitation, and stream stage. Earth Surface Proc. and Landforms 32(10): 1558-1573.
19. Gerke, H. H. 2006. Preferential flow descriptions for structured soils. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 169(3): 382-400.
20. Gerke, H. H., and M. Th. van Genuchten. 1993. A dual-porosity model for simulating the preferential movement of water and solutes in structure porous media. Water Resour. Res. 29(2): 305-319.
21. Gwo, J. P., P. M. Jardine, G. V. Wilson, and G. T. Yeh. 1995. A multi-pore-region concept to modeling mass transfer in subsurface media. J. Hydrol. 164(1-4): 217-237.
22. Hagerty, D. J. 1991a. Piping/sapping erosion: I. Basic considerations. J. Hydraul. Eng. 117(8): 991-1008.
23. Hagerty, D. J. 1991b. Piping/sapping erosion: II. Identificationdiagnosis. J. Hydraul. Eng. 117(8): 1009-1025.
24. Hanson, G. J., R. D. Tejral, S. L. Hunt, and D. M. Temple. 2010. Internal erosion and impact of erosion resistance. Proc. 30th USSD Annual Meeting and Conf., 773-784. Denver, Colo.: U.S. Society on Dams.
25. Jarvis, N. J. 2007. A review of non-equilibrium water flow and solute transport in soil macropores: Principles, controlling factors, and consequences for water quality. European J. Soil Sci. 58(3): 523-546.
26. Jones, J. A. A. 1981. The Nature of Soil Piping: A Review of Research. BGRG Research Monograph 3. Norwich, U.K.: Geo Books.
27. Jones, J. A. A. 1982. Experimental studies of pipe hydrology. In Badlands Geomorphology and Piping, 355-370. R. B. Bryan and A. Yair, eds. Norwich, U.K.: Geo Books.
28. Jones, J. A. A. 1987. The effects of soil piping on contributing area and erosion patterns. Earth Surface Proc. and Landforms 12(3): 229-248.
29. Jones, J. A. A, J. M. Richardson, and H. J. Jacobs. 1997. Factors controlling the distribution of piping in Britain: A reconnaissance. Geomorphology 20(3-4): 289-306.
30. Kirkham. D. 1949. Flow of ponded water into drain tubes in soil overlying an impervious layer. Trans. American Geophysical Union 30: 369-385.
31. Kitahara, H. 1989. Characteristics of pipe flow in a subsurface soil on a gentle slope: II. Hydraulic properties of pipes. J. Japanese Forestry Soc. 71: 317-322.
32. Kitoh, O. 1991. Experimental study of turbulent swirling flow in a straight pipe. J. Fluid Mech. 225: 445-479.
33. Kosugi, K. 1996. Lognormal distribution model for unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Water Resour. Res. 32(9): 2697-2703.
34. Kosugi, K., T. Uchida, and T. Mizuyama. 2004. Numerical calculation of soil pipe flow and its effect on water dynamics in a slope. Hydrol. Proc. 18(4): 777-789.
35. Leopold, L. B., and J. P. Miller. 1956. Ephemeral streams, hydraulic factors, and their relation to the drainage net. USGS Professional Paper 282A. Reston, Va.: U.S. Geological Survey.
36. Li, H., and Y. Tomita. 1994. Characteristics of swirling flow in a circular pipe. J. Fluid Eng. 116(2): 370-373.
37. Lu, Z., and G. V. Wilson. 2012. Acoustic measurements of soil pipeflow and internal erosion. SSSA J. 76(3): 853-866.
38. MacIver, B. N., and G. P. Hale. 1970. Engineering and Design: Laboratory Soils Testing. Engineering Manual No. 1110-2-1906. Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
39. Mears, B., Jr. 1968. Piping. In Encyclopedia of Geomorphology, 840. R. W. Fairbridge, ed. Stroudsberg, Pa.: Hutchinson and Ross.
40. Midgley, T. L., G. A. Fox, G. V. Wilson, D. M. Heeren, E. Langendoen, and A. Simon. 2012. Streambank erosion and instability induced by seepage: In-situ constant-head experiments. J. Hydrol. Eng. (in press): doi: 10.1061/(ASCE) HE.1943-5584.0000685.
41. Midgley, T. L., G. A. Fox, G. V. Wilson, R. C. Felice, and D. M. Heeren. 2013. In situ soil pipeflow experiments on contrasting streambank soils. Trans. ASABE 56(2): 479-488.
42. Mohanty, B. P., R. S. Bowman, J. M. H. Hendrickx, J. Simunek, and M. Th. van Genuchten. 1997. New piecewise-continuous hydraulic functions for modeling preferential flow in an intermittent flood-irrigated field. Water Resour. Res. 33(9): 2049-2063.
43. Mosley, M. O. 1982. Subsurface flow velocities through selected forest sites, South Island, New Zealand. J. Hydrol. 55(1-4): 65-92.
44. Nieber, J. L., and R. C. Sidle. 2010. How do disconnected macropores in sloping soils facilitate preferential flow? Hydrol. Proc. 24(12): 1582-1594.
45. Nieber, J. L., T. S. Steenhuis, T. Walter, and M. Bakker. 2006. Enhancement of seepage and lateral preferential flow by biopores on hillslopes. Biologia, Bratislava 61(suppl. 19): S225-S228.
46. Pierson, T. C. 1983. Soil pipes and slope stability. Qtly. J. Eng. Geol. and Hydrogeol. 16(1): 1-11.
47. Reddi, L. N., I. M. Lee, and M. V. S. Bonala. 2000. Comparison of internal and surface erosion using flow pump tests on a sand-kaolinite mixture. Geotech. Testing J. 23(1): 116-122.
48. Richards, K. S., and K. R. Reddy. 2007. Critical appraisal of piping phenomena in earth dams. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 66(4): 381-402.
49. Sharma, R. H., H. Konietzky, and K. Kosugi. 2010. Numerical analysis of soil pipe effects on hillslope water dynamics. Acta Geotechnica 5: 33-42.
50. Sidle, R. C. 2006. Comments on "Predicting soil erosion for alternative land uses" by E. Wang, C. Xin, J. R. Williams, and C. Xu. J. Environ. Qual. 35: 459-467 (2006).
51. J. Environ. Qual. 35(6): 2435-2438.
52. Sidle, R. C., H. Kitahara, T. Terajima, and Y. Nakai. 1995. Experimental studies on the effects of pipeflow on throughflow partitioning. J. Hydrol. 165(1-4): 207-219.
53. Sidle, R. C., S. Noguchi, Y. Tsuboyama, and K. Laursen. 2001. A conceptual model of preferential flow systems in forested hillslopes: Evidence of self-organization. Hydrol. Proc. 15(10): 1675-1692.
54. Sidle, R. C., A. D. Ziegler, J. N. Negishi, A. R. Nik, R. Siew, and F. Turkelboom. 2006. Erosion processes in steep terrain: Truths, myths, and uncertainties related to forest management in southeast Asia. Forest Ecol. and Mgmt. 224(1-2): 199-225.
55. Simon, A., and R. R. Wells. 2006. Study of the effects of lateral seepage forces on tension crack development, bank failure dimensions, and migration of edge-of-field gullies. In Proc. 8th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conf. Washington, D.C.: USDA-NRCS.
56. Sklash, M. G., K. L. Beven, K. Gilman, and W. G. Darling. 1996. Isotope studies of pipeflow at Plynlimon, Wales, U.K. Hydrol. Proc. 10(7): 921-944.
57. Smart, P. L., and C. M. Wilson. 1984. Two methods for the tracing of pipe flow on hillslopes. Catena 11(1): 159-168.
58. Swanson, M. L., G. M. Kondolf, and P. J. Boison. 1989. An example of rapid gully initiation and extension by subsurface erosion: Coastal San Mateo County, California. Geomorphology 2(4): 393-403.
59. Terajima, T., and Y. Sakura. 1993. Effect of subsurface flow on a topographic change at a valley head of granitic mountains. Trans. Japanese Geomorph. Union 14: 365-384.
60. Torri, D., A. Colica, and D. Rockwell. 1994. Preliminary study of the erosion mechanisms in a biancana badland (Tuscany, Italy). Catena 23(3-4): 281-294.
61. Tsutsumi, D., R. C. Sidle, and K. Kosugi. 2005. Development of a simple lateral preferential flow model with steady state application in hillslope soils. Water Resour. Res. 41: W12420, doi: 101029/2004WR003877.
62. Uchida, T., K. Kosugi, and T. Mizuyama. 2001. Effects of pipeflow on hydrological process and its relation to landslide: A review of pipeflow studies in forested headwater catchments. Hydrol. Proc. 15(11): 2151-2174.
63. van Genuchten, M. Th. 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. SSSA J. 44(5): 892-898.
64. van Genuchten, M. Th., and P. J. Wierenga. 1976. Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media: I. Analytical solutions. SSSA J. 40(4): 473-480.
65. Verachtert, E., M. Van Den Eeckhaut, J. Poesen, and J. Deckers. 2010. Factors controlling the spatial distribution of soil piping erosion on loess-derived soils: A case study from central Belgium. Geomorphology 118(3-4): 339-348.
66. Wan, C. F., and R. Fell. 2004. Laboratory test on the rate of piping erosion of soils in embankment dams. Geotech. Testing J. 27(3): 295-303.
67. Weiler, M., and J. J. McDonnell. 2007. Conceptualizing lateral preferential flow and flow networks and simulating the effects of gauged and ungauged hillslopes. Water Resources Research 43: W03403, doi: 10.1029/2006WR004867.
68. Wilson, B. N. 1993. Development of a fundamental based detachment model. Trans. ASAE 36(4): 1115-1122.
69. Wilson, G. V. 2009. Mechanisms of ephemeral gully erosion caused by constant flow through a continuous soil-pipe. Earth Surface Proc. and Landforms 34(14): 1858-1866.
70. Wilson, G. V. 2011. Understanding soil-pipeflow and its role in ephemeral gully erosion. Hydrol. Proc. 25(15): 2354-2364.
71. Wilson, G. V., P. M. Jardine, and J. P. Gwo. 1992. Modeling the hydraulic properties of a multi-region soil. SSSA J. 56(6): 1731-1737.
72. Wilson, G. V., R. F. Cullum, and M. J. M. Römkens. 2006. Pipe flow impacts on ephemeral gully erosion. In Proc. 8th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conf. Washington, D.C.: USDANRCS.
73. Wilson, G. V., R. K. Periketi, G. A. Fox, S. Dabney, F. D. Shields, and R. F. Cullum. 2007. Soil properties controlling seepage erosion contributions to streambank failure. Earth Surface Proc. and Landforms 32(3): 447-459.
74. Wilson, G. V., R. F. Cullum, and M. J. M. Römkens. 2008. Ephemeral gully erosion by preferential flow through a discontinuous soil-pipe. Catena 73(1): 98-106.
75. Zhang, T., and G. V. Wilson. 2012. Spatial distribution of collapsed pipes in Goodwin Creek watershed, Mississippi. J. Hydrol. Proc. (in press): doi: 10.1002/hyp.9357.
76. Ziemer, R. R. 1992. Effect of logging on subsurface pipeflow and erosion: Coastal northern California, USA. In Proc. Chengdu Symp.: Erosion, Debris Flows, and Environment in Mountain Regions, 187-197. IAHS Publ. No. 209. Wallingford, U.K.: IAHS Press.
77. Zurmühl, T., and W. Durner. 1998. Determination of parameters for bimodal hydraulic functions by inverse modeling. SSSA J. 62(4): 874-880.