Low dose exogenous erythropoietin elicits an ergogenic effect in Standardbred horses

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 38, Issue SUPPL.36, 2006, Pages 233-238

  Mckeever, K H ^a   Agans, J M ^a   Geiser, S ^a   Lorimer, P J ^b   Maylin, G A ^c  

^a The State University of New Jersey   (United States)

^b Cornell University ^*  (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerobic capacity; Blood doping; Erythropoietin; Horse

Indexed keywords

EQUIDAE;

EID: 84878446014     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: 20423306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05545.x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Abdulhadi, M. H., Fouad-Tarazi, F. M., Thomas, T., Bravo, E. L. and Paganini, E. P. (1990) The haemodynamic effects of correction of anaemia in haemodialysis patients using recombinant human erythropoietin. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 5(Suppl. 1), 102-108.
2. Adamson, J. W. and Vapnek, D. (1991) Recombinant erythropoietin to improve athletic performance. N. Eng. J. Med. 324, 698-699.
3. Andrews, F. M., Korenek, N. L., Sanders, W. L. and Hamlin, R. L. (1992) Viscosity and rheologic properties of blood from clinically normal horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 53, 966-970.
4. Anon (2002) Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) National Meeting, New York.
5. Bergstein, S. (2005) A Scenario for Tragedy, http:www.ustrotting.comhoofbeatsstan-ma.htm.
6. Berglund, B. and Ekblom, B. (1991) Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment on blood pressure and some hematological parameters in healthy men. J. Intern. Med. 229, 125-130.
7. Buick, F. J., Gledhill, N., Froese, A. B., Spriet, L. and Meyers, E. C. (1980) Effect of induced erythrocythemia on aerobic work capacity. J. appl. Physiol. 48, 636-642.
8. Burke, E., Coyle, E., Eichner, E., Nadel, E. and Williams, M. (1991) Blood doping and plasma volume expansion: benefits and dangers. In: Sports Science Exchange, Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Chicago, pp 1-12.
9. Chen, E. (1991) Undetectable drug is tied to athletes' deaths. Los Angeles Times, May 22, 1990, p 1.
10. Clyne, N., Berglund, B. and Egberg, N. (1995) Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin induces a moderate rise in hematocrit and thrombin antithrombin in healthy subjects. Thromb Res. 79, 125-129.
11. Cowart, V. S. (1989) A dangerous new form of blood doping. Phys Sportsmed. 17, 155-188.
12. Cox, R. (2002) Vets question whether EPO would be effective. The Guardian, www.guardian.co.ukArchiveArticle0, 4273, 4363996, 00.html.
13. Ekblom, B., Wilson, G. and Astrand, P.-O. (1976) Central circulation during exercise after venesection and reinfusion of red blood cells. J. appl. Physiol. 40, 379-383.
14. Evans, D. L. and Rose, R. J. (1987) Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to sub-maximal exercise training in the thoroughbred horse. Pflugers. Arch. 411, 316-321.
15. Evans, D. L., Harris, R. C. and Snow, D. H. (1993). Correlation of racing performance with blood lactate and heart rate after exercise in thoroughbred horses. Equine vet. J. 25, 441-445.
16. Guyton, A. C. and Richardson, T. Q. (1961) Effect of hematocrit on venous return. Circ. Res. 9, 157-164.
17. Hinchcliff, K. W., McKeever, K. H., Muir, W. W. and Sams, R. A. (1996) Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit and rate of lactate production in horses during brief intense exertion. J. appl. Physiol. 81, 1550-1554.
18. Jaussaud, P., Audran, M., Gareau, R. L., Souillard, A. and Chavanet, I. (1994) Kinetics and haematological effects of erythropoietin in horses. Vet Res. 25, 568-573.
19. Johnson, G. R. (1989) Erythropoietin. Br. med. Bull. 45, 506-514.
20. Kamata, K., Marumo, F. and Onoyama, K. (1991) Hemodynamic mechanism of the elevation in blood pressure following the improvement of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin. Jap. Circ. J. 55, 649-656.
21. Kearns, C. F., Lenhart, J. A. and McKeever, K. H. (2000) Cross-reactivity between human erythropoietin antibody and horse erythropoietin. Electrophoresis 21, 1454-1457.
22. Levin, N. W. (1989) Management of blood pressure changes during recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. Sem. Neph. 9 (Suppl. 2), 16-20.
23. Lundin, A., Akerman, M., Chesler, R., Delano, B., Goldberg, N., Stein, R. and Friedman, E. (1991) Exercise in hemodialysis patients after treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin. Nephron. 58, 315-319.
24. MacDougall, I., Davies, M., Hutton, D., Coles, G. and Williams, J. (1991) Rheological studies during treatment of renal anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin. Brit J. Haem. 77, 550-558.
25. McKeever, K. H. (1996) Erythropoietin: a new form of blood doping in horses. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference of Racing Analysts and Veterinarians, Eds: D. E. Auer and E. Houghton, R & W Publications, Newmarket, pp 79-84.
26. McKeever, K. H., Malinowski, K., Christensen, R., Hafs, H. (1998) Chronic equine somatotropin administration does not affect aerobic capacity or indices of exercise performance in geriatric horses. Br. vet. J. 155, 19-25.
27. 2max, and hemodynamics. Med. sci. sport Exerc. (In Review).
28. 2max, and hemodynamics in exercising horses. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25, S25.
29. McKeever, K. H., Hinchcliff, K. W., Reed, S. M. and Robertson, J. T. (1993b) Role of decreased volume in hematocrit alterations during incremental treadmill exercise in horses. Am. J. Physiol. 265, R404-R408.
30. McKeever, K. H., Hinchcliff, K. W., Reed, S. M. and Hamlin, R. L. (1993c) Splenectomy alters blood pressure response to incremental treadmill exercise in horses. Am. J. Physiol. 265, R409-R413.
31. McKeever, K. H., Schurg, W. A. and Convertino, V. A. (1988) A modified Evans Blue dye method for determining plasma volume in the horse. J. equine vet. Sci. 8, 208-212.
32. Nissenson, A. R. (1989) Recombinant human erythropoietin: impact on brain and cognitive function, exercise tolerance, sexual potency, and quality of life. Sem. Nephrol. 9 (Suppl. 2), 25-31.
33. Persson, S. G. B. (1967) On blood volume and working capacity in horses. Acta. vet. Scand., Suppl. 19, 1-189.
34. Persson, S. G. B. (1973) Blood volume and work performance. Equine vet. J. 1, 321-326.
35. Richardson, T. Q. and Guyton, A. C. (1959) Effects of polycythemia and anemia on cardiac output and other circulatory factors. Am. J. appl. Physiol. 197, 1176-1170.
36. Roberts, D., Smith, D. J., Donnelly, S. and Simard, S. (2000) Plasma-volume contraction and exercise-induced hypoxaemia modulate erythropoietin production in healthy humans. Clin. Sci. 98, 39-45.
37. Robertson, R. J., Gilcher, R., Metz, F., Caspersen, C. J., Allison, T. G., Abbott, R. A., Skrinar, G. S., Krause, J. R. and Nixon, P. A. (1984) Hemoglobin concentration and aerobic work capacity in women following induced erythrocythemia. J. appl. Physiol. 57, 568-575.
38. Robertson, H. T., Haley, N., Guthrie, M., Cardenas, D., Eschbach, J. and Adamson, J. (1990) Recombinant erythropoietin improves exercise capacity in anemic hemodialysis patients. Am. J. Kid. Dis. 4, 325-332.
39. Rose, R. J. and Hodgson, D. R. (1994) Hematology and biochemistry. In: The Athletic Horse, Principles and Practice of Equine Sports Medicine, Eds: D. R. Hodgson and R. J. Rose, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 63-78.
40. Rosenlof, K., Gronhagen-Riska, C., Sovijarvi, A., Honkanen, E., Tikkanen, I., Ekstrand, A., Piirila, P. and Fyhrquist, F. (1989) Beneficial effects of erythropoietin on haematological parameters, aerobic capacity, and body fluid composition in patients on haemodialysis. J. Intern. Med. 226, 311-317.
41. Russell, G., Gore C. J., Ashenden, M. J., Parisotto, R., Hahn, A. G. (2002) Effects of prolonged low doses of recombinant human erythropoietin during submaximal and maximal exercise. Eur. J. appl. Physiol. 86, 442-449.
42. Sjostrand, T. (1962) Blood volume. In: Handbook of Physiology - Circulation I, Ed: W. F. Hutton, APS Washington, pp 51-62.
43. Souillard, A., Audran, M., Bressolle, F., Jaussaud, P. and Gareau, R. (1996) Pharmacokinetics and haematological parameters of recombinant human erythropoietin after subcutaneous administrations in horses. Biopharm. drug Dispos. 17, 805-815.
44. Spriet, L. L. (1991) Blood doping and oxygen transport. In: Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine Volume 4: Ergogenics - Enhancement of Athletic Performance, Eds. D. R. Lamb and M. H. Williams, Benchmark Press, pp 213-248.
45. Spriet, L., Gledhill, N., Froese, A. and Wilkes, D. (1986) Effect of graded erythrocythemia on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise. J. appl. Physiol. 61, 1942-1948.
46. Stone, H. O., Thomson, H. K. and Schmidt-Nielson, K. (1968) Influence of erythrocytes on blood viscosity. Am. J. Pysiol. 214, 913-918.
47. Trilk, J. L., Lindner, A. J., Greene, H. M., Alberghina, D., and Wickler, S. J. (2002) A lactate-guided conditioning programme to improve endurance performance. Equine vet. J., Suppl. 34, 122-125.
48. von Wittke, P., Lindner, A., Deegen, E., and Sommer, H. (1994) Effects of training on blood lactate-running speed relationship in thoroughbred racehorses. J. appl. Physiol. 77, 298-302.