Pitfalls in outcome prediction of breast cancer

Journal of Clinical Pathology

Volumn 66, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 458-464

  Rakha, Emad A ^a  

^a NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TAMOXIFEN;

BREAST CANCER; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RESEARCH; DECISION MAKING; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISTANT METASTASIS FREE SURVIVAL; EARLY CANCER; FOLLOW UP; GENE EXPRESSION; GOLD STANDARD; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LOCAL RECURRENCE FREE SURVIVAL; LOCAL THERAPY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; LYMPH VESSEL METASTASIS; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PERCEPTION; PREDICTION; PRIMARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; RECURRENCE FREE SURVIVAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SAMPLE SIZE; SECOND CANCER; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TIME OF DEATH; TIME TO TREATMENT; TISSUE MICROARRAY; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR RECURRENCE; TUMOR VOLUME; VALIDATION STUDY;

BREAST; BREAST CANCER; BREAST PATHOLOGY;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; ENDPOINT DETERMINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PROGNOSIS; RESEARCH DESIGN; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84878333224     PISSN: 00219746     EISSN: 14724146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201083     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Garcia SF, Cella D, Clauser SB, et al. Standardizing patient-reported outcomes assessment in cancer clinical trials: a patient-reported outcomes measurement information system initiative. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5106-12. (Pubitemid 350232291)
2. Land SR, Ritter MW, Costantino JP, et al. Compliance with patient-reported outcomes in multicenter clinical trials: methodologic and practical approaches. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5113-20. (Pubitemid 350232292)
3. McShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W, et al. REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK). Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005;2:416-22. (Pubitemid 43115010)
4. McShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W, et al. REporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studies (REMARK). Br J Cancer 2005;93:387-91. (Pubitemid 43080010)
5. Altman DG, Lyman GH. Methodological challenges in the evaluation of prognostic factors in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998;52:289-303. (Pubitemid 29056101)
6. Hudis CA, Barlow WE, Costantino JP, et al. Proposal for standardized definitions for efficacy end points in adjuvant breast cancer trials: the STEEP system. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2127-32. (Pubitemid 46972801)
7. Punt CJ, Buyse M, Kohne CH, et al. Endpoints in adjuvant treatment trials: a systematic review of the literature in colon cancer and proposed defi nitions for future trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:998-1003. (Pubitemid 47232601)
8. Gschwend JE, Dahm P, Fair WR. Disease specific survival as endpoint of outcome for bladder cancer patients following radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 2002;41:440-8. (Pubitemid 35333942)
9. Ohorodnyk P, Eisenhauer EA, Booth CM: Clinical benefit in oncology trials: is this a patient-centred or tumour-centred end-point? Eur J Cancer 2009;45:2249-52.
10. De Gruttola VG, Clax P, DeMets DL, et al. Considerations in the evaluation of surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop. Control Clin Trials 2001;22:485-502. (Pubitemid 32907433)
11. Sargent DJ, Wieand HS, Haller DG, et al. Disease-free survival versus overall survival as a primary end point for adjuvant colon cancer studies: individual patient data from 20,898 patients on 18 randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8664-70. (Pubitemid 46211509)
12. Willner J, Kiricuta IC, Kolbl O, et al. Long-term survival following postmastectomy locoregional recurrence of breast cancer. Breast 1999;8:200-4. (Pubitemid 29462427)
13. Sarasqueta C, Martinez-Camblor P, Mendiola A, et al. Breast cancer relative survival after the first recurrence and related prognostic factors. Med Clin (Barc) 2009;133:489-95.
14. Tsuji W, Teramukai S, Ueno M, et al. Prognostic factors for survival after first recurrence in breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of 252 recurrent cases at a single institution. Breast Cancer. Published Online First:5 Apr 2012. doi:10.1007/s12282-012-0358-x
15. Marusyk A, Polyak K. Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010;1805:105-17.
16. Marotta LL, Almendro V, Marusyk A, et al. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is required for growth of CD44(+)CD24(-) stem cell-like breast cancer cells in human tumors. J Clin Invest 2011;121:2723-35.
17. Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Lee AH, et al. Prognostic significance of Nottingham histologic grade in invasive breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3153-8.
18. Lakhani SR, Rakha EA, Simpson P. WHO classification of tumours of the breast. 4th edn. Lyon: IARC Press, 2012.
19. Rakha EA, Morgan D, Macmillan D. The prognostic significance of early stage lymph node positivity in operable invasive breast carcinoma: number or stage. J Clin Pathol 2012;65:624-30.
20. Li CI, Uribe DJ, Daling JR. Clinical characteristics of different histologic types of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2005;93:1046-52. (Pubitemid 41548400)
21. Rakha EA, Gill MS, El-Sayed ME, et al. The biological and clinical characteristics of breast carcinoma with mixed ductal and lobular morphology. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;114:243-50.
22. Ustaalioglu BO, Bilici A, Kefeli U, et al. The importance of multifocal/multicentric tumor on the disease-free survival of breast cancer patients: single center experience. Am J Clin Oncol 2012;35:580-6.
23. Tot T, Gere M, Pekar G, et al. Breast cancer multifocality, disease extent, and survival. Hum Pathol 2011;42:1761-9.
24. MacGrogan G, Tott T, Rakha E, et al. Bilateral breast carcinoma and nonsynchronous breast carcinoma. In: Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, Tan PH, van de Vijver MJ, eds. WHO classification of tumours of the breast. 4th edn. Lyon: IARC Press, 2012:69-70.
25. Pedersen L, Gunnarsdottir KA, Rasmussen BB, et al. The prognostic influence of multifocality in breast cancer patients. Breas 2004;13:188-93. (Pubitemid 38937121)
26. El Saghir NS, Seoud M, Khalil MK, et al. Effects of young age at presentation on survival in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2006;6:194.
27. Livi L, Meattini I, Saieva C, et al . The impact of young age on breast cancer outcome. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010;36:639-45.
28. Schonberg MA, Marcantonio ER, Li D, et al. Breast cancer among the oldest old: tumor characteristics, treatment choices, and survival. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2038-45.
29. Blamey RW, Pinder SE, Ball GR, et al. Reading the prognosis of the individual with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:1545-7. (Pubitemid 46891800)
30. Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK, et al. Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1784-92. (Pubitemid 41549890)
31. Blamey RW, Ellis IO, Pinder SE, et al. Survival of invasive breast cancer according to the Nottingham Prognostic Index in cases diagnosed in 1990-1999. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:1548-55. (Pubitemid 46901016)
32. Sotiriou C, Neo SY, McShane LM, et al. Breast cancer classification and prognosis based on gene expression profiles from a population-based study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:10393-98. (Pubitemid 37071889)
33. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, et al. A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1793-802. (Pubitemid 37362955)
34. Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:2131-9. (Pubitemid 34694019)
35. Kelly CM, Krishnamurthy S, Bianchini G, et al. Utility of oncotype DX risk estimates in clinically intermediate risk hormone receptor-positive, HER2-normal, grade II, lymph node-negative breast cancers. Cancer 2010;116:5161-7.
36. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2817-26. (Pubitemid 40051905)
37. Lipscomb J, Gotay C, Snyder C. Outcomes assessment in cancer: measures, methods and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
38. Hoppin JA, Tolbert PE, Taylor JA, et al. Potential for selection bias with tumor tissue retrieval in molecular epidemiology studies. Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:1-6. (Pubitemid 34003065)
39. Zujewski JA, Kamin L. Trial assessing individualized options for treatment for breast cancer: the TAILORx trial. Future Oncol 2008;4:603-10.
40. Cardoso F, Van't Veer L, Rutgers E, et al. Clinical application of the 70-gene profile: the MINDACT trial. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:729-35. (Pubitemid 351264385)
41. Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Green AR, et al. Biologic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer with single hormone receptor positive phenotype. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4772-8. (Pubitemid 350086480)
42. Rakha EA, Teoh TK, Lee AH, et al. Further evidence that E-cadherin is not a tumour suppressor gene in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 2012.
43. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000;406:747-52.
44. Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:10869-74. (Pubitemid 32878711)
45. de Boer M, van Deurzen CH, van Dijck JA, et al. Micrometastases or isolated tumor cells and the outcome of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361:653-63.
46. Sotiriou C, Wirapati P, Loi S, et al. Gene expression profiling in breast cancer: understanding the molecular basis of histologic grade to improve prognosis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:262-72. (Pubitemid 43264710)
47. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1998;352:930-42.
48. Clarke M. Meta-analyses of adjuvant therapies for women with early breast cancer: the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group overview. Ann Oncol 2006;17(Suppl 10):x59-62. (Pubitemid 44541988)