Investigation and treatment of imported malaria in non-endemic countries

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 346, Issue 7909, 2013, Pages

  Whitty, Christopher J M ^a,b   Chiodini, Peter L ^a,b   Lalloo, David G ^c  

^a HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ARTEMETHER PLUS BENFLUMETOL; ARTEMISININ; ARTESUNATE; ATOVAQUONE PLUS PROGUANIL; CHLOROQUINE; CLINDAMYCIN; DIHYDROARTEMISININ PLUS PIPERAQUINE; DOXYCYCLINE; GLUCOSE; MANNITOL; OXYGEN; PRIMAQUINE; PYRIMETHAMINE PLUS SULFADOXINE; QUINIDINE; QUININE; STEROID; TAFENOQUINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INHIBITOR;

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ANEMIA; ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; BOLUS INJECTION; BRAIN MALARIA; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG QUALITY; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ENDEMIC DISEASE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXCHANGE BLOOD TRANSFUSION; FEVER; FLUID THERAPY; FRAUD; GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMOLYSIS; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IMMIGRATION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; INFLUENZA; INTRODUCED SPECIES; JAUNDICE; KIDNEY FAILURE; MALARIA; MALARIA FALCIPARUM; MEDICAL HISTORY; MENINGITIS; MICROSCOPY; MIXED INFECTION; MORTALITY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN THERAPY; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI MALARIA; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE INFECTION; PLASMODIUM OVALE MALARIA; PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RELAPSE; RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SEPTIC SHOCK; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; SURVIVAL; TERATOGENICITY; TINNITUS; TRAVEL;

ADULT; ANTIMALARIALS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE; ERYTHROCYTE TRANSFUSION; FEMALE; FLUID THERAPY; GEOGRAPHY, MEDICAL; HEMOFILTRATION; HUMANS; INTERNATIONALITY; MALARIA; PARASITOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, PARASITIC; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; TRAVEL;

EID: 84878331352     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f2900     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Mali S, Kachur SP, Arguin PM; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Malaria surveillance - United States, 2010. MMWR Surveill Summ 2012;61:1-17.
2. Smith AD, Bradley DJ, Smith V, Blaze M, Behrens RH, Chiodini PL, et al. Imported malaria and high risk groups: observational study using UK surveillance data 1987-2006. BMJ 2008;337:a120.
3. Seringe E, Thellier M, Fontanet A, Legros F, Bouchaud O, Ancelle T, et al. Severe imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria, France, 1996-2003. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17:807-13.
4. WHO. World malaria report 2012. 2012. www.who.int/malaria/publications/ world-malaria-report-2012/en/.
5. Ladhani S, Garbash M, Whitty CJM, Chiodini PL, Aibara RJ, Riordan FA, et al. Prospective, national clinical and epidemiologic study on imported childhood malaria in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:434-8.
6. Checkley AM, Smith A, Smith V, Blaze M, Bradley D, Chiodini PL, et al. Risk factors for mortality from imported falciparum malaria in the United Kingdom over 20 years: an observational study. BMJ 2012;344:e2116.
7. Nic Fhogartaigh C, Hughes H, Armstrong M, Herbert S, McGregor A, Ustianowski A, et al. Falciparum malaria as a cause of fever in adult travellers returning to the United Kingdom: observational study of risk by geographical area. QJM 2008;101:649-56.
8. Public Health England. Malaria 2011. www.malaria-reference.co.uk/.
9. Odolini S, Parola P, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Caumes E, Schlagenhauf P, López-Vélez, et al. Travel-related imported infections in Europe, EuroTravNet 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:468-74.
10. Kyriacou DN, Spira AM, Talan DA, Mabey DC. Emergency department presentation and misdiagnosis of imported falciparum malaria. Ann Emerg Med 1996;27:696-9. (Pubitemid 26180874)
11. Chandramohan D, Jaffar S, Greenwood BM. Use of clinical algorithms for diagnosing malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2002;7:45-52. (Pubitemid 34131810)
12. Bottieau E, Clerinx J, Van Den Enden E, Van Esbroeck M, Colebunders R, Van Gompel A, et al. Imported non-Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a five-year prospective study in a European referral center. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006;75:133-8. (Pubitemid 351627581)
13. Abba K, Deeks JJ, Olliaro P, Naing CM, Jackson SM, Takwoingi Y, et al. Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in endemic countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;7:CD008122.
14. Robinson T, Campino SG, Auburn S, Assefa SA, Polley SD, Manske M, et al. Drug-resistant genotypes and multi-clonality in Plasmodium falciparum analysed by direct genome sequencing from peripheral blood of malaria patients. PLoS One 2011;6:e23204.
15. Kamya MR, Byakika-Kibwika P, Gasasira AF, Havlir D, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, et al. The effect of HIV on malaria in the context of the current standard of care for HIV-infected populations in Africa. Future Virol 2012;7:699-708.
16. WHO. Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook. 2nd ed. 2000. www.rbm. who.int/docs/hbsm.pdf.
17. Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, Mwangi I, Winstanley M, Marsh V, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1399-404.
18. Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, et al. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:93-104. (Pubitemid 46123132)
19. Whitty CJM, Edmonds S, Mutabingwa TK. Malaria in pregnancy. BJOG 2005;112:1189-95. (Pubitemid 43960913)
20. Manyando C, Kayentao K, D'Alessandro U, Okafor HU, Juma E, Hamed K. A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy. Malar J 2012;11:141.
21. Ali AA, Elhassan EM, Magzoub MM, Elbashir MI, Adam I. Hypoglycaemia and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria among pregnant Sudanese women in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission. Parasit Vectors 2011;4:88.
22. Kochar DK, Das A, Kochar SK, Saxena V, Sirohi P, Garg S, et al. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria: a report on serial cases from Bikaner in northwestern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009;80:194-8.
23. Baird JK. Resistance to chloroquine unhinges vivax malaria therapeutics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:1827-30.
24. Naing C, Aung K, Win DK, Wah MJ. Efficacy and safety of chloroquine for treatment in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infections in endemic countries. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2010;104:695-705.
25. Douglas NM, Anstey NM, Angus BJ, Nosten F, Price RN. Artemisinin combination therapy for vivax malaria. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10:405-16.
26. Baird JK, Hoffman SL. Primaquine therapy for malaria. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1336e45.
27. Fernando D, Rodrigo C, Rajapakse S. Primaquine in vivax malaria: an update and review on management issues. Malar J 2011;10:351.
28. Clyde DF. Clinical problems associated with the use of primaquine as a tissue schizontocidal and gametocytocidal drug. Bull World Health Organ 1981;59:391-5. (Pubitemid 11024762)
29. Leslie T, Briceño M, Mayan I, Mohammed N, Klinkenberg E, Sibley CH, et al. The impact of phenotypic and genotypic G6PD deficiency on risk of plasmodium vivax infection: a case-control study amongst Afghan refugees in Pakistan. PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000283.
30. Howes RE, Piel FB, Patil AP, Nyangiri OA, Gething PW, Dewi M, et al. G6PD deficiency prevalence and estimates of affected populations in malaria endemic countries: a geostatistical model-based map. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001339.
31. Bunn A, Escombe R, Armstrong M, Whitty CJM, Doherty JF. Falciparum malaria in malaria-naive travellers and African visitors. QJM 2004;97:645-9. (Pubitemid 39359321)
32. Public Health England. Malaria reference laboratory (malaria RL). www.hpa.org.uk/ProductsServices/MicrobiologyPathology/ LaboratoriesAndReferenceFacilities/MalariaReferenceLaboratory/.
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Malaria. www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ .
34. Sinclair D, Zani B, Donegan S, Olliaro P, Garner P. Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;3:CD007483.
35. Phyo AP, Nkhoma S, Stepniewska K, Ashley EA, Nair S, McGready R, et al. Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria on the western border of Thailand: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2012;379:1960-6.
36. Sutherland CJ, Laundy M, Price N, Burke M, Fivelman QL, Pasvol G, et al. Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b gene are associated with delayed parasite recrudescence in malaria patients treated with atovaquone-proguanil. Malar J 2008;7:240.
37. Nayyar GM, Breman JG, Newton PN, Herrington J. Poor-quality antimalarial drugs in southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12:488-96.
38. Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, White N; South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT) group. Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;366:717-25. (Pubitemid 41207233)
39. Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC, Gomes E, Seni A, Chhaganlal KD, et al. Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376:1647-57.
40. Griffith KS, Lewis LS, Mali S, Parise ME. Treatment of malaria in the United States: a systematic review. JAMA 2007;297:2264-77. (Pubitemid 47018065)
41. Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2483-95.
42. Scott JA, Berkley JA, Mwangi I, Ochola L, Uyoga S, Macharia A, et al. Relation between falciparum malaria and bacteraemia in Kenyan children: a population-based, case-control study and a longitudinal study. Lancet 2011;378:1316-23.
43. Nadjm B, Amos B, Mtove G, Ostermann J, Chonya S, Wangai H, et al. WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective study. BMJ 2010;340:c1350.
44. Marks ME, Armstrong M, Suvari MM, Batson S, Whitty CJM, Chiodini PL, et al. Severe imported falciparum malaria among adults requiring intensive care: a retrospective study at the hospital for tropical diseases, London. BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:118.
45. Al-Taiar A, Jaffar S, Assabri A, Al-Habori M, Azazy A, Al-Mahdi N, et al. Severe malaria in children in Yemen: two site observational study. BMJ 2006;333:827.
46. Lubell Y, Staedke SG, Greenwood BM, Kamya MR, Molyneux M, Newton PN, et al. Likely health outcomes for untreated acute febrile illness in the tropics in decision and economic models; a Delphi survey. PLoS One 2011;6:e17439.
47. Nguyen TH, Day NP, Ly VC, Waller D, Mai NT, Bethell DB, et al. Post-malaria neurological syndrome. Lancet 1996;348:917-21. (Pubitemid 26333848)
48. Birbeck GL, Molyneux ME, Kaplan PW, Seydel KB, Chimalizeni YF, Kawaza K, et al. Blantyre Malaria Project Epilepsy Study (BMPES) of neurological outcomes in retinopathy-positive paediatric cerebral malaria survivors: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1173-81.
49. Idro R, Ndiritu M, Ogutu B, Mithwani S, Maitland K, Berkley J, et al. Burden, features, and outcome of neurological involvement in acute falciparum malaria in Kenyan children. JAMA 2007;297:2232-40. (Pubitemid 47010881)