Probing individual redox PEGylated gold nanoparticles by electrochemical-atomic force microscopy

ACS Nano

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 4151-4163

  Huang, Kai ^a   Anne, Agnès ^a   Bahri, Mohamed Ali ^a   Demaille, Christophe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

Author keywords

AFM SECM; electrochemical microscopy; electrochemical atomic force microscopy; mediator tethered electrochemical atomic force microscopy; Mt AFM SECM; PEGylated gold nanoparticles; SECM

Indexed keywords

AFM-SECM; ELECTROCHEMICAL ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MT/AFM-SECM; SECM;

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRODES; GOLD; METAL NANOPARTICLES; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; POLYETHYLENE OXIDES; PROBES;

ANALYTIC EQUIPMENT;

FERROCENE; FERROUS ION; GOLD; MACROGOL DERIVATIVE; METAL NANOPARTICLE;

ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE PROPERTY;

ELECTROCHEMISTRY; FERROUS COMPOUNDS; GOLD; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; PARTICLE SIZE; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

EID: 84878322629     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn400527u     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Metal Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications; Feldheim, D. L., Foss, C. A., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2002.
2. Sardar, R.; Funston, A. M.; Mulvaney, P.; Murray, R. W. Gold Nanoparticles: Past, Present, and Future Langmuir 2009, 25, 13840-13851
3. Daniel, M.-C.; Astruc, D. Gold Nanoparticles: Assembly, Supramolecular Chemistry, Quantum-Size-Related Properties, and Applications toward Biology, Catalysis, and Nanotechnology Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293-346
4. Saha, K.; Agasti, S. S.; Kim, C.; Li, X.; Rotello, V. M. Gold Nanoparticles in Chemical and Biological Sensing Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 2739-2779
5. Elghanian, R.; Storhoff, J. J.; Mucic, R. C.; Letsinger, R. L.; Mirkin, C. A. Selective Colorimetric Detection of Polynucleotides Based on the Distance-Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Science 1997, 277, 1078-1081
6. Rosi, N. L.; Mirkin, C. A. Nanostructures in Biodiagnostics Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1547-1562
7. Heitz, F.; Morris, M. C.; Divita, G. Twenty Years of Cell-Penetrating Peptides: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009, 157, 195-206
8. Penn, S.; He, L.; Natan, M. Nanoparticles for Bioanalysis Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2003, 7, 609-615
9. Jokers, J. V.; Lobovkina, T.; Zare, R. N.; Gambhir, S. S. Nanoparticle PEGylation for Imaging and Therapy Nanomedicine 2011, 6, 715-728
10. Wuelfing, W. P.; Gross, S. M.; Miles, D. T.; Murray, R. W. Nanometer Gold Clusters Protected by Surface-Bound Monolayers of Thiolated Poly(ethylene glycol) Polymer Electrolyte J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12696-12697
11. Wolfe, R. L.; Balasubramanian, R.; Tracy, J. B.; Murray, R. W. Fully Ferrocenated Hexanethiolate Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters Langmuir 2007, 23, 2247-2254
12. Murray, R. W. Nanoelectrochemistry: Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrodes, and Nanopores Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2688-2720
13. Chow, K.-F.; Sardar, R.; Sassin, M. B; Wallace, J. M.; Feldberg, S. W.; Rolison, D. R.; Long, J. W.; Murray, R. W. 3D-Addressable Redox: Modifying Porous Carbon Electrodes with Ferrocenated 2 nm Gold Nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 9283-9289
14. Sardar, R.; Beasley, C. A.; Murray, R. W. Ferrocenated Au Nanoparticle Monolayer Adsorption on Self-Assembled Monolayer-Coated Electrodes Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 6960-6965
15. McCarty, G. S.; Weiss, P. S. Scanning Probe Studies of Single Nanostructures Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 19683-1990
16. Stiles, R. L.; Willets, K. A.; Sherry, L. J.; Roden, J. M.; Van Duyne, R. P. Investigating Tip-Nanoparticle Interactions in Spatially Correlated Total Internal Reflection Plasmon Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 11696-11701
17. Gaiduk, A.; Yorulmaz, M.; Orrit, M. Correlated Absorption and Photoluminescence of Single Gold Nanoparticles ChemPhysChem 2011, 12, 1536-1541
18. Nuño, Z.; Hessler, B.; Ochoa, J.; Shon, Y.-S.; Bonney, C.; Abate, Y. Nanoscale Subsurface- and Material-Specific Identification of Single Nanoparticles Opt. Express 2011, 19, 20865-20875
19. Zachary Nuño, Z.; Hessler, B.; Heiberg, B.; Damato, R.; Dunlap, T.; Shon, Y.-S.; Abate, Y. Nanoscale Near-Field Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging of Silica-Shell/Gold-Core and Pure Silica Nanoparticles J. Nanopart. Res. 2012, 766, 1-8
20. Abate, Y.; Schwartzberg, A.; Strasser, D.; Leone, S. R. Nanometer-Scale Size Dependent Imaging of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) Capped and Uncapped Gold Nanoparticles by Apertureless Near-Field Optical Microscopy Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009, 474, 146-152
21. Bard, A. J. In Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, second ed.; Bard, A. J.; Mirkin, M. V., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2012; pp 1-14.
22. Wittstock, G.; Burchardt, M.; Pust, E. S.; Shen, Y.; Zhao, C. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Direct Imaging of Reaction Rates Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1584-1617
23. Mirkin, M. V.; Nogala, W.; Velmurugan, J.; Wang, Y. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in The 21st Century. Update 1: Five Years After Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 21196-21212
24. Tel-Vered, R.; Bard, A. J. Generation and Detection of Single Metal Nanoparticles Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Techniques J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25279-25287
25. Kueng, A.; Kranz, C.; Lugstein, A.; Bertagnolli, E.; Mizaikoff, B. Integrated AFM-SECM in Tapping Mode: Simultaneous Topographical and Electrochemical Imaging of Enzyme Activity Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3238-3240
26. Kranz, C.; Kueng, A.; Lugstein, A.; Bertagnolli, E.; Mizaikoff, B. Mapping of Enzyme Activity by Detection of Enzymatic Products during AFM Imaging with Integrated SECM-AFM Probes Ultramicroscopy 2004, 100, 127-134
27. Hirata, Y.; Yabuki, S.; Mizutani, F. Application of Integrated SECM Ultra-Micro-Electrode and AFM Force Probe to Biosensor Surfaces Bioelectrochemistry 2004, 63, 217-224
28. Takahashi, Y.; Shevchuk, A. I.; Novak, P.; Murakami, Y.; Shiku, H.; Korchev, Y. E.; Matsue, T. Simultaneous Noncontact Topography and Electrochemical Imaging by SECM/SICM Featuring Ion Current Feedback Regulation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 10118-10126
29. Etienne, M.; Anderson, E. C.; Evans, S. R.; Schuhmann, W.; Fritsch, I. Feedback-Independent Pt Nanoelectrodes for Shear Force-Based Constant-Distance Mode Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 7317-7324
30. Sun, P.; Mirkin, M. V. Kinetics of Electron-Transfer Reactions at Nanoelectrodes Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 6526-6534 and references therein
31. Tel-Vered, R.; Walsh, D. A.; Mehrgardi, M. A.; Bard, A. J. Carbon Nanofiber Electrodes and Controlled Nanogaps for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 6959-6966
32. Watkins, J. J.; Chen, J.; White, H. S.; Abruña, H. D.; Maisonhaute, E.; Amatore, C. Zeptomole Voltammetric Detection and Electron-Transfer Rate Measurements Using Platinum Electrodes of Nanometer Dimensions Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 3962-3971
33. Xiong, H.; Gross, D. A.; Guo, J.; Amemiya, S. Local Feedback Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Electrochemical Characterization of One-Dimensional Nanostructure: Theory and Experiment with Nanoband Electrode as Model Substrate Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 1946-1957
34. Kim, E.; Kim, J.; Amemiya, S. Spatially Resolved Detection of a Nanometer-Scale Gap by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 4788-4791
35. Kim, J.; Xiong, H.; Hofmann, M.; Kong, J.; Amemiya, S. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 1605-1607
36. Güella, A. G.; Ebejera, N.; Snowdena, M. E.; McKelveya, K.; Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. Quantitative Nanoscale Visualization of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rates in 2D Carbon Nanotube Networks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109, 11487-11492
37. Lai, S. C. S.; Dudin, P. V.; Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. Visualizing Zeptomole (Electro)Catalysis at Single Nanoparticles within an Ensemble J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 10744-10747
38. Ebejer, N.; Schnippering, M.; Colburn, A. W.; Edwards, M. A.; Unwin, P. R. Localized High Resolution Electrochemistry and Multifunctional Imaging: Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 9141-9145
39. Kleijn, S. E. F.; Lai, S. C. S.; Miller, T. S.; Yanson, A. I.; Koper, M. T. M.; Unwin, P. R. Landing and Catalytic Characterization of Individual Nanoparticles on Electrode Surfaces J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 18558-18561
40. Meier, J.; Friedrich, K. A.; Stimming, U. Novel Method for the Investigation of Single Nanoparticle Reactivity Faraday Discuss. 2002, 121, 365-372
41. Abbou, A.; Anne, A.; Demaille, C. Probing the Structure and Dynamics of End-Grafted Flexible Polymer Chain Layers by Combined Atomic Force-Electrochemical Microscopy. Cyclic Voltammetry within Nanometer-Thick Macromolecular Poly(ethylene glycol) Layers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 10095-10108
42. Abbou, J.; Anne, A.; Demaille, C. Accessing the Dynamics of End-Grafted Flexible Polymer Chains by Atomic Force-Electrochemical Microscopy. Theoretical Modeling of the Approach Curves by the Elastic Bounded Diffusion Model and Monte Carlo Simulations. Evidence for Compression-Induced Lateral Chain Escape J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 22664-22675
43. Anne, A.; Cambril, E.; Chovin, A.; Demaille, C. Touching Surface-Attached Molecules with a Microelectrode: Mapping the Distribution of Redox-Labeled Macromolecules by Electrochemical-Atomic Force Microscopy Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 6353-6362
44. Anne, A.; Chovin, A.; Demaille, C.; Lafouresse, M. High-Resolution Mapping of Redox-Immunomarked Proteins Using Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy in Molecule Touching Mode Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 7924-7932
45. Wang, K.; Goyer, C.; Anne, A.; Demaille, C. Exploring the Motional Dynamics of End-Grafted DNA Oligonucleotides by in Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 6051-6058
46. Xia, X.; Yang, M.; Wang, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Li, Q.; Chen, J.; C; Xia, Y. Quantifying the Coverage Density of Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains on the Surface of Gold Nanostructures ACS Nano 2012, 6, 512-522
47. Benoit, D. N.; Huiguang, Z.; Lilierose, M. H.; Verm, R. A.; Ali, N.; Morrison, A. N.; Fortner, J. D.; Avendano, C.; Colvin, V. L. Measuring the Grafting Density of Nanoparticles in Solution by Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Total Organic Carbon Analysis Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 9238-9245
48. Shein, J. B.; Lai, L. M. H.; Eggers, P. K.; Paddon-Row, M. N.; Gooding, J. J. Formation of Efficient Electron Transfer Pathways by Adsorbing Gold Nanoparticles to Self-Assembled Monolayer Modified Electrodes Langmuir 2009, 25, 11121-11128
49. Dyne, J.; Lin, Y.-S.; Lai, L. M. H.; Ginges, J. Z.; Luais, E.; Peterson, J. R.; Goon, I. Y.; Amal, R.; Gooding, J. J. Some More Observations on the Unique Electrochemical Properties of Electrode-Monolayer-Nanoparticle Constructs ChemPhysChem 2010, 11, 2807-2813
50. Grabar, K. C.; Allison, K. J.; Baker, B. E.; Bright, R. M.; Brown, K. R.; Freeman, R. G.; Fox, A. P.; Keating, C. D.; Musick, M. D.; Natan, M. J. Two-Dimensional Arrays of Colloidal Gold Particles: A Flexible Approach to Macroscopic Metal Surfaces Langmuir 1996, 12, 2353-2361
51. Bethell, D.; Brust, M.; Schiffrin, D. J.; Kiely, C. From Monolayers to Nanostructured Materials: an Organic Chemist's View of Self-Assembly J. Electroanal. Chem. 1996, 409, 137-143
52. Kissling, G. P.; Miles, D. O.; Fermín, D. J. Electrochemical Charge Transfer Mediated by Metal Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 21175-21185
53. Chazalviel, J.-N.; Allongue, P. On the Origin of the Efficient Nanoparticle Mediated Electron Transfer across a Self-Assembled Monolayer J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 762-764
54. Laviron, E. The Use of Linear Potential Sweep Voltammetry and of a.c. Voltammetry for the Study of the Surface Electrochemical Reaction of Strongly Adsorbed Systems and of Redox Modified Electrodes J. Electroanal. Chem. 1979, 100, 263-270
55. Daoud, M.; Cotton, J. P. Star Shaped Polymers: A Model for the Conformation and its Concentration Dependence J. Phys. (Paris) 1982, 43, 531-538
56. Ball, R. C.; Marko, J. F.; Milner, S. T.; Witten, T. A. Polymers Grafted to a Convex Surface Macromolecules 1991, 24, 693-703
57. Binder, K.; Milchev, A. Polymer Brushes on Flat and Curved Surfaces: How Computer Simulations Can Help to Test Theories and to Interpret Experiments J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2012, 50, 1515-1555
58. Grabar, K. C.; Brown, K. R.; Keating, C. D.; Stranick, S. J.; Tang, S.-L.; Natan, M. J. Nanoscale Characterization of Gold Colloid Monolayers: A Comparison of Four Techniques Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 471-477
59. Anne, A.; Demaille, C.; Goyer, C. Electrochemical Atomic-Force Microscopy Using a Tip-Attached Redox Mediator. Proof-of-Concept and Perspectives for Functional Probing of Nanosystems ACS Nano 2009, 3, 819-827
60. Frens, G. Controlled Nucleation for the Regulation of the Particle Size in Monodisperse Gold Suspensions Nat. Phys. Sci. 1973, 241, 20-22
61. Nath, N.; Chilkoti, A. Label-Free Biosensing by Surface Plasmon Resonance of Nanoparticles on Glass: Optimization of Nanoparticle Size Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 5370-5378
62. Hegner, M.; Wagner, P.; Semenza, G. Ultralarge Atomically Flat Template-Stripped Au Surfaces for Scanning Probe Microscopy Surf. Sci. 1993, 291, 39-46
63. Macpherson, J. V.; Unwin, P. R. Combined Scanning Electrochemical-Atomic Force Microscopy Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 276-285
64. Abbou, J.; Demaille, C.; Druet, M.; Moiroux, J. Fabrication of Submicrometer-Sized Gold Electrodes of Controlled Geometry for Scanning Electrochemical-Atomic Force Microscopy Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 6355-6363