Desire, settler colonialism, and the racialized cowboy

American Indian Culture and Research Journal

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 73-86

  Jafri, Beenash ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878320799     PISSN: 01616463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17953/aicr.37.2.n758545211525815     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Racialization refers to "the multiple processes whereby bodies come to be seen as 'having' a racial identity. One's 'racial identity' is not simply determined, for example, by the 'fact' of one's skin colour. Racialization is a process that takes place in time and space: 'race' is an effect of this process, rather than its origin or cause⋯ racialization involves a process of investing skin colour with meaning, such that 'black' and 'white' come to function, not as descriptions of skin colour, but as racial identities" (Sara Ahmed, "Racialized Bodies", in Real Bodies: A Sociological Introduction, ed. Mary Evans and Ellie Lee [New York: Palgrave, 2002], 46). I use "racialized" as a shorthand here to refer to those marginalized through processes of racialization.
2. Indian Cowboy, directed by Nikhil Kamkolkar (New Brunswick, NJ: Kamkol Productions, 2004).
3. Bonita Lawrence and Enakshi Dua, "Decolonizing Antiracism", Social Justice 32, no. 4(2005):127.
4. See also Andrea Smith, "Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy", Global Dialogue 12, no. 2 (2010)
5. Sunera Thobani, Exalted Subjects: Studies in the Making of Race and Nation in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007).
6. Zainab Amadahy and Bonita Lawrence, "Indigeneous Peoples and Black People in Canada: Settlers or Allies?" in Breaching the Colonial Contract: Anti-Colonialism in the US and Canada, ed. Arlo Kempf (New York: Springer Publishing, 2009).
7. Anne Anlin Cheng, The Melancholy of Race: Psychoanalysis, Assimilation, and Hidden Grief (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
8. David Eng, Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001), 136.
9. Wendy Brown, States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995).
10. For example, see Amadahy and Lawrence, "Indigeneous Peoples and Black People in Canada"; Candace Fujikane and Jonathan Okamura, eds., Asian Settler Colonialism: From Local Governance to the Habits of Everyday Life in Hawaii (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2008);
11. Haunani Kay-Trask, "Settlers of Color and 'Immigrant' Hegemony: 'Locals' in Hawai'i", Amerasia Journal 26, no. 2(2000):1-24;
12. Paula Madden, African Nova-Scotian Mi'kmaw Relations (Halifax: Fernwood Publishing, 2009);
13. Lawrence and Dua, "Decolonizing Antiracism"; Mona Oikawa, "Connecting the Internment of Japanese Canadians to the Colonization of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada", in Aboriginal Connections to Race, Environment and Traditions, ed. Rick Riewe and Jill Oakes (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2007), 17-26;
14. Robinder Kaur Sehdev, "People of Colour in Treaty", in Cultivating Canada: Reconciliation through the Lens of Cultural Diversity, ed. Ashok Mathur, Jonathan Dewar, and Mike DeGagne (Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation, 2011), 264-74;
15. Smith, "Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy";
16. Thobani, Exalted Subjects.
17. Patrick Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology: The Politics and Poetics of an Ethnographic Event (New York: Cassell, 1999), 163.
18. Lorenzo Veracini, Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview (Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010), 3.
19. Fetishizations of indigeneity also appear across settler cultural representations in film, literature, and visual art. See Renée L. Bergland, The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2000).
20. Scott Morgensen, Spaces Between Us: Queer Settler Colonialism and Indigeneous Decolonization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011).
21. Mark Rifkin, When Did Indians Become Straight? Kinship, the History of Sexuality, and Native Sovereignty (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).
22. Morgensen, Spaces Between Us;
23. Rifkin, When Did Indians Become Straight?
24. Kalpana Seshadri-Crooks, Desiring Whiteness: A Lacanian Analysis of Race (New York: Routledge, 2000).
25. Scott Morgensen, "Theorising Gender, Sexuality and Settler Colonialism: An Introduction", Settler Colonial Studies 2, no. 2(2012):13.
26. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks (New York: Grove Press, 2008).
27. Denise Ferreira Da Silva, Toward a Global Idea of Race (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007).
28. Veracini, Settler Colonialism.
29. Mehru Jaffer Vienna, "Cinema Cannot Change a Mind That is Already Closed", HardNews: For Those Who Want to Know (Hard News Media, March 2006), accessed May 1, 2012, http://www.hardnewsmedia.com/2006/03/399.
30. Michael Yellow Bird, "Cowboys and Indians: Toys of Genocide, Icons of American Colonialism", Wicazo Sa Review 19, no. 2(2003):33.
31. Jacquelyn Kilpatrick, Celluloid Indians: Native Americans and Film (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999).
32. Smith, "Indigeneity, Settler Colonialism, White Supremacy"
33. Judith Butler, The Psychic Life of Power (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), 104.
34. Sara Ahmed, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-Performativity of Anti-Racism", borderlands e-journal 3, no. 2(2004): np.