Convergent space-time tree regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient at high altitude in the Alps

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 304, Issue , 2013, Pages 1-9

  Carrer, Marco ^a   Soraruf, Luca ^a   Lingua, Emanuele ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Forest dynamics; Larix decidua; Picea abies; Pinus cembra; Trees spatial pattern

Indexed keywords

FOREST DYNAMICS; LARIX DECIDUA; PICEA ABIES; PINUS CEMBRA; SPATIAL PATTERNS;

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; PLANTS (BOTANY); SPACE APPLICATIONS;

REFORESTATION;

ALTITUDE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; FOREST COVER; FOREST MANAGEMENT; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; MONTANE FOREST; REGENERATION; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TREE;

ALPS;

EID: 84878143739     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.025     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Anselin L. Local indicators of spatial association - LISA. Geog. Anal. 1995, 27:93-115.
2. Barbeito I., Dawes M.A., Rixen C., Senn J., Bebi P. Factors driving mortality and growth at treeline: a 30-year experiment of 92,000 conifers. Ecology 2011, 93:389-401.
3. Batllori E., Camarero J.J., Gutierrez E. Current regeneration patterns at the tree line in the Pyrenees indicate similar recruitment processes irrespective of the past disturbance regime. J. Biogeogr. 2010, 37:1938-1950.
4. Bolli J.C., Rigling A., Bugmann H. The influence of changes in climate and land-use on regeneration dynamics of Norway spruce at the treeline in the Swiss Alps. Silva Fenn. 2007, 41:55-70.
5. Brang P. Early seedling establishment of Picea abies in small forest gaps in the Swiss Alps. Can. J. For. Res. 1998, 28:626-639.
6. Brang P. Resistance and elasticity: promising concepts for the management of protection forests in the European Alps. For. Ecol. Manag. 2001, 145:107-119.
7. Camarero J., Gutierrez E., Fortin M.J. Spatial patterns of subalpine forest-alpine grassland ecotones in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. For. Ecol. Manag. 2000, 134:1-16.
8. Camaret S., Guerin B., Leclerc D. Impact of nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes L.) on the spatial distribution of Swiss Stone Pine (Pinus cembra L.) regeneration. Bull. de la Societé Zoologique de France 1998, 123:383-392.
9. Canham C.D., Denslow J.S., Platt W.J., Runkle J.R., Spies T.A., White P.S. Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests. Can. J. For. Res. 1990, 20:620-631.
10. Carcaillet C., Brun J.J. Changes in landscape structure in the northwestern Alps over the last 7000 years: lessons from soil charcoal. J. Veg. Sci. 2000, 11:705-714.
11. Carrer M., Urbinati C. Spatial analysis of structural and tree-ring related parameters in a timberline forest in the Italian Alps. J. Veg. Sci. 2001, 12:643-652.
12. Carrer M., Urbinati C. Long-term change in the sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate forcing in Larix decidua. New Phytol. 2006, 170:861-871.
13. Carrer M., Nola P., Eduard J.L., Motta R., Urbinati C. Regional variability of climate-growth relationships in Pinus cembra high elevation forests in the Alps. J. Ecol. 2007, 95:1072-1083.
14. Cliff A.D., Ord J.K. Spatial Process: Models and Applications 1981, Pion limited, London.
15. Coates K.D. Tree recruitment in gaps of various size, clearcuts and undisturbed mixed forest of interior British Columbia. Canada For. Ecol. Manag. 2002, 155:387-398.
16. Contini, L., Lavarelo, Y., 1982. Le Pin Cembro (Pinus cembra L.): Végetation, Écologie, Sylviculture et Production. Inra, Paris.
17. Crocq C. Le Casse-noix moucheté (Nucifraga caryocatactes) 1990, Lechevalier-R, Chabaud, France.
18. Del Favero R., De Mas G., Lasen C., Paiero P. Il pino cembro nel Veneto, Assesorato Agricoltura e Foreste, Dipartimento Foreste 1985, Regione Veneto, Spinea, VE, Italy.
19. Didier L. Invasion patterns of European larch and Swiss stone pine in subalpine pastures in the French Alps. For. Ecol. Manag. 2001, 145:62-77.
20. Diggle P.J. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Patterns 1983, Academic Press, London.
21. Dorren L.K.A., Berger F., Imeson A.C., Maier B., Rey F. Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps. For. Ecol. Manag. 2004, 195:165-176.
22. Fotheringham A.S., Brunsdon C., Charlton M. Quantitative geography: perspectives on spatial data analysis 2000, Sage Publications Ltd., London.
23. Frelich L.E. Forest dynamics and disturbance regimes 2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Garbarino M., Lingua E., Weisberg P., Bottero A., Meloni F., Motta R. Land-use history and topographic gradients as driving factors of subalpine Larix decidua forests. Landscape Ecol 2013, 10.1007/s10980-012-9792-6.
25. Getis A., Ord J.K. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr. Anal. 1992, 24:189-206.
26. Goreaud F., Courbaud B., Collinet F. Spatial structure analysis applied to modelling of forest dynamics: a few examples. Empirical and Process Based Models for Forest Tree and Stand Growth Simulation 1997, 155-172. Novas Tecnologias, Oeiras, Portugal. A. Amaro, M. Tomé (Eds.).
27. Gray A.N., Spies T.A. Microsite controls on tree seedling establishment in conifer forest canopy gaps. Ecology 1998, 79:2571.
28. Greene D.F., Zasada J.C., Sirois L., Kneeshaw D., Morin H., Charron I., Simard M.J. A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species. Can. J. For. Res. 1999, 29:824-839.
29. Grubb P.J. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 1977, 52:107-145.
30. Haase P. Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley's K-function: introduction and methods of edge correction. J. Veg. Sci. 1995, 6:575-582.
31. Harmon M.E., Franklin J.F. Tree seedlings on logs in Picea-Tsuga forests of Oregon and Washington. Ecology 1989, 70:48-59.
32. Hofgaard A. 50 years of change in a Swedish Boreal old-growth Picea-Abies forest. J. Veg. Sci. 1993, 4:773-782.
33. Hofgaard A. Structure and regeneration patterns in a virgin Picea-Abies forest in northern Sweden. J. Veg. Sci. 1993, 4:601-608.
34. Holmes R.L. Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement. Tree-Ring Bull. 1983, 43:69-78.
35. Holtmeier, F.K., 1994. Introduction to the upper Engadine and its forests. In: Holtmeier, F.K., Schmidt, W.C. (Eds.), International Workshop on Subalpine Stone Pines and their Environment: the Status of our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report, INT-GTR 309, St. Moritz, CH, pp. 9-17.
36. Holtmeier, F.K., 1995. European larch in middle Europe with special reference to the central alps. Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead. General Technical Report, GTR-INT-319. USDA, Forest Serv., Intermountain Research Sta, pp. 41-49.
37. Holtmeier F.K. Mountain Timberlines: Ecology, Patchiness and Dynamics 2009, Springer.
38. ISPRA, 2013. Annali Idrologici. (accessed 15.02.13).
39. Körner C., Riedl S. Alpine Treelines: Functional Ecology of the Global High Elevation Tree Limits 2012, Springer Basel.
40. Kozlowski T.T. Physiological ecology of natural regeneration of harvested and disturbed forest stands: implications for forest management. For. Ecol. Manag. 2002, 158:195-221.
41. Kupferschmid A.D., Bugmann H. Effect of microsites, logs and ungulate browsing on Picea abies regeneration in a mountain forest. For. Ecol. Manag. 2005, 205:251-265.
42. Kuuluvainen T. Gap disturbance, ground microtopography, and the regeneration dynamics of boreal coniferous forests in Finland: a review. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 1994, 31:35-51.
43. Lamedica S., Lingua E., Popa I., Motta R., Carrer M. Spatial structure in four Norway Spruce stands with different management history in the Alps and carpathians. Silva Fenn. 2011, 45:865-873.
44. Lingua E., Cherubini P., Motta R., Nola P. Spatial structure along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian central Alps suggests competition and facilitation among coniferous species. J. Veg. Sci. 2008, 19:425-436.
45. Maher E.L., Germino M.J. Microsite differentiation among conifer species during seedling establishment at alpine treeline. Ecoscience 2006, 13:334-341.
46. Maher E.L., Germino M.J., Hasselquist N.J. Interactive effects of tree and herb cover on survivorship, physiology, and microclimate of conifer seedlings at the alpine tree-line ecotone. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:567-574.
47. McIntire E.J.B., Fajardo A. Beyond description: the active and effective way to infer processes from spatial patterns. Ecology 2009, 90:46-56.
48. Mlinšek D. Die Waldpflege im subalpinen Fichtenwald am Beispiel von Pokljuka. Forstwiss. Centralbl. 1975, 94:202-209.
49. Moeur M. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data. For. Sci. 1993, 39:756-775.
50. Motta R., Edouard J.L. Stand structure and dynamics in a mixed and multilayered forest in the Upper Susa Valley, Piedmont. Italy Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:21-36.
51. Motta R., Lingua E. Human impact on size, age, and spatial structure in a mixed European larch and Swiss stone pine forest in the Western Italian Alps. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:1809-1820.
52. Navarro-Cerrillo R.M., Manzanedo R.D., Bohorque J., Sánchez R., Sánchez J., Miguel S.d., Solano D., Qarro M., Griffith D., Palacios G. Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of cedar forests along a management gradient in the Middle Atlas. Morocco. For. Ecol. Manag. 2013, 289:341-353.
53. Ord J.K., Getis A. Testing for local spatial autocorrelation in the presence of global autocorrelation. J. Reg. Sci. 2001, 41:411-432.
54. Oswald B.P., Neuenschwander L.F. Microsite variability and safe site description for western larch germination and establishment. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1993, 120:148-156.
55. Perry G.L.W., Miller B.P., Enright N.J. A comparison of methods for the statistical analysis of spatial point patterns in plant ecology. Plant Ecol. 2006, 187:59-82.
56. Peterson C.J., Squiers E.R. An unexpected change in spatial pattern across 10years in an aspen-white-pine forest. J. Ecol. 1995, 83:847-855.
57. Rasche L., Fahse L., Zingg A., Bugmann H. Getting a virtual forester fit for the challenge of climatic change. J. Appl. Ecol. 2011, 48:1174-1186.
58. Resler L.M., Butler D.R., Malanson G.P. Topographic shelter and conifer establishment and mortality in an alpine environment, Glacier National Park. Montana. Phys. Geogr. 2005, 26:112-125.
59. Ripley B.D. The second-order analysis of stationary point processes. J. Appl. Probab. 1976, 13:255-266.
60. Ripley B.D. Modelling spatial patterns. J. R. Stat. Soc. B Met. 1977, 39:172-212.
61. Sawada M. Rookcase: an excel 97/2000 visual basic (VB) add-in for exploring global and local spatial autocorrelation. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 1999, 80:231-234.
62. Schonenberger, W., Senn, J., Wasem, U., 1995. Factors affecting establishment of planted trees, including European larch, near the Alpine timberline. In, INT-GTR 319. USDA Forest Service, pp. 170-175.
63. Smit C., Vandenberghe C., den Ouden J., Müller-Schärer H. Nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient. Oecologia 2007, 152:265-273.
64. Stokes M.A., Smiley T.L. Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating 1968, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA.
65. Stoyan D., Stoyan H. Fractals, Random Shapes, and Point Fields: Methods of Geometrical Statistics 1994, Wiley, Chichester.
66. Tjoelker M.G., Boratynski A., Bugala W. Biology and Ecology of Norway spruce 2007, Springer Verlag.
67. Tomback D.F., Holtmeier F.K., Mattes H., Carsey K.S., Powell M.L. Tree clusters and growth form distribution in Pinus cembra, a bird-dispersed pine. Arctic Alpine Res. 1993, 25:374-381.
68. Wiegand T., Moloney K.A. Rings, circles, and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 2004, 104:209-229.
69. Wiegand T., Gunatilleke S., Gunatilleke N. Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri lankan dipterocarp forest. Am. Nat. 2007, 170:E77-E95.
70. Zong C., Wauters L.A., Van Dongen S., Mari V., Romeo C., Martinoli A., Preatoni D., Tosi G. Annual variation in predation and dispersal of Arolla pine (Pinus cembra L.) seeds by Eurasian red squirrels and other seed-eaters. For. Ecol. Manag. 2010, 260:587-594.