Elaborate horns in a giant rhinoceros beetle incur negligible aerodynamic costs

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 280, Issue 1758, 2013, Pages

  McCullough, Erin L ^a   Tobalske, Bret W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerodynamic costs; Horns; Rhinoceros beetles; Sexual selection

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AERODYNAMICS; BEETLE; BODY MASS; MORPHOLOGY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; UNGULATE; WEIGHT;

EID: 84878122759     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0197     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Darwin C. 1871 The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London, UK: John Murray.
2. Andersson M. 1994 Sexual selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
3. Møller AP. 1996 The cost of secondary sexual characters and the evolution of cost-reducing traits. Ibis 138, 112-119. (doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996. tb04317.x)
4. Oufiero CE, Garland T. 2007 Evaluating performance costs of sexually selected traits. Funct. Ecol. 21, 676-689. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01259.x)
5. Husak JF, Swallow JG. 2011 Compensatory traits and the evolution of male ornaments. Behaviour 148, 1-29. (doi:10.1163/000579510X541265)
6. Møller AP, De Lope F, Saino N. 1995 Sexual selection in the barn swallow Hirundo rustica. VI. Aerodynamic adaptations. J. Evol. Biol. 8, 671-687. (doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8060671.x)
7. Møller AP, Hedenström A. 1999 Comparative evidence for costs of secondary sexual characters: adaptive vane emargination of ornamented feathers in birds. J. Evol. Biol. 12, 296-305. (doi:10.1046/j. 1420-9101.1999.00034.x)
8. Swallow JG, Wilkinson GS, Marden JH. 2000 Aerial performance of stalk-eyed flies that differ in eye span. J. Comp. Physiol. B 170, 481-487. (doi:10. 1007/s003600000124)
9. Ribak G, Swallow J. 2007 Free flight maneuvers of stalk-eyed flies: do eye-stalks affect aerial turning behavior? J. Comp. Physiol. B 193, 1065-1079. (doi:10.1007/s00359-007-0259-1)
10. Worthington AM, Berns CM, Swallow JG. 2012 Size matters, but so does shape: quantifying complex shape changes in a sexually selected trait in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 106, 104-113. (doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011. 01841.x)
11. Geist V. 1966 The evolution of horn-like organs. Behaviour 27, 175-214. (doi:10.1163/15685396 6X00155)
12. Crane J. 1975 Fiddler crabs of the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
13. Eberhard WG. 1977 Fighting behavior of male Golofa porteri (Scarabeidae: Dynastinae). Psyche 84, 292-298. (doi:10.1155/1977/19030)
14. Eberhard WG. 1979 The function of horns in Podischnus agenor (Dynastinae) and other beetles. In Sexual selection and reproductive competition in insects, pp. 231-259. New York, NY: Academic Press.
15. Emlen DJ. 2008 The evolution of animal weapons. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 39, 387-413. (doi:10. 1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173502)
16. Arrow G. 1951 Horned beetles: a study of the fantastic in nature. The Hague, The Netherlands: Junk Publishers.
17. Mizunuma T. 1999 Giant beetles. Tokyo, Japan: ESI Publishers.
18. Beaudoin-Ollivier L, Bonaccorso F, Aloysius M, Kasiki M. 2003 Flight movement of Scapanes australis australis (Boisduval) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Papua New Guinea: a radiotelemetry study. Aust. J. Entomol. 42, 367-372. (doi:10.1046/ j.1440-6055.2003.00369.x)
19. McCullough E. 2013 Using radio telemetry to assess movement patterns in a giant rhinoceros beetle: are there differences among majors, minors, and females? J. Insect Behav. 26, 51-56. (doi:10.1007/ s10905-012-9334-8)
20. Hongo Y. 2010 Does flight ability differ among male morphs of the Japanese horned beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)? Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 23, 271-279. (doi:10.1080/03949370.2010.502322)
21. McCullough EL, Weingarden PR, Emlen DJ. 2012 Costs of elaborate weapons in a rhinoceros beetle: how difficult is it to fly with a big horn? Behav. Ecol. 23, 1042-1048. (doi:10.1093/beheco/ars069)
22. Rayner JMV. 1979 A vortex theory of animal flight. I. The vortex wake of a hovering animal. J. Fluid Mech. 91, 697-730. (doi:10.1017/ S0022112079000410)
23. Rayner JMV. 1979 A vortex theory of animal flight. II. The forward flight of birds. J. Fluid Mech. 91, 731-763. (doi:10.1017/S0022112079000422)
24. Ellington CP. 1984 The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. I-VI. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305, 1-181. (doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0049)
25. Taylor GK, Thomas ALR. 2002 Animal flight dynamics. II. Longitudinal stability in flapping flight. J. Theor. Biol. 214, 351-370. (doi:10.1006/ jtbi.2001.2470)
26. Thomas ALR, Taylor GK. 2001 Animal flight dynamics. I. Stability in gliding flight. J. Theor. Biol. 212, 399-424. (doi:10.1006/jtbi.2001.2387)
27. Siva-Jothy M. 1987 Mate securing tactics and the cost of fighting in the Japanese horned beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma L. (Scarabaeidae). J. Ethol. 5, 165-172. (doi:10.1007/BF02349949)
28. Hongo Y. 2003 Appraising behaviour during male-male interaction in the Japanese horned beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis (Kono). Behaviour 140, 501-517. (doi:10.1163/15685390 3322127959)
29. Karino K, Niiyama H, Chiba M. 2005 Horn length is the determining factor in the outcomes of escalated fights among male Japanese horned beetles, Allomyrina dichotoma L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. Insect Behav. 18, 805-815. (doi:10.1007/s10905-005-8741-5)
30. Hongo Y. 2007 Evolution of male dimorphic allometry in a population of the Japanese horned beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 62, 245-253. (doi:10.1007/s00265-007-0459-2)
31. Emlen DJ. 1997 Alternative reproductive tactics and male-dimorphism in the horned beetle Onthophagus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41, 335-341. (doi:10.1007/ s002650050393)
32. Tobalske B, Hearn J, Warrick D. 2009 Aerodynamics of intermittent bounds in flying birds. Exp. Fluids 46, 963-973. (doi:10.1007/s00348-009-0614-9)
33. Tobalske BW, Puccinelli LA, Sheridan DC. 2005 Contractile activity of the pectoralis in the zebra finch according to mode and velocity of flap-bounding flight. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 2895-2901. (doi:10.1242/jeb.01734)
34. Pennycuick C, Alerstam T, Hedenström A. 1997 A new low-turbulence wind tunnel for bird flight experiments at Lund University, Sweden. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 1441-1449.
35. Vogel S. 1996 Life in moving fluids: the physical biology of flow. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
36. Schröder A, Willert CE. 2008 Particle image velocimetry: new developments and recent applications. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
37. Jarman GM, Hinton HE. 1974 Some defence mechanisms of the Hercules beetle, Dynastes hercules. J. Entomol. A 49, 71-80. (doi:10.1111/j. 1365-3032.1974.tb00070.x)
38. Dudley R. 2000 The biomechanics of insect flight: form, function, and evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
39. Archer M. 1977 The weights of forager loads of Paravespula vulgaris (Linn.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the relationship of load weight to forager size. Insectes Soc. 24, 95-102. (doi:10. 1007/BF02223281)
40. Coelho JR, Hoagland J. 1995 Load-lifting capacities of three species of yellowjackets (Vespula) foraging on honey-bee corpses. Funct. Ecol. 9, 171-174. (doi:10.2307/2390561)
41. Heinrich B. 2004 Bumble-bee economics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
42. Clark CJ, Dudley R. 2009 Flight costs of long, sexually selected tails in hummingbirds. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 2109-2115. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 2009.0090)