The effect of unexpected bereavement on mortality in older couples

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 103, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1140-1145

  Shah, Sunil M ^a   Carey, Iain M ^a   Harris, Tess ^a   DeWilde, Stephen ^a   Victor, Christina R ^b   Cook, Derek G ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; BEREAVEMENT; CHRONIC DISEASE; FAMILY SIZE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK FACTOR; SPOUSE; SUDDEN DEATH; TIME; UNITED KINGDOM; VERY ELDERLY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BEREAVEMENT; CHRONIC DISEASE; DEATH, SUDDEN; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS; SPOUSES; TIME FACTORS;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84878082429     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301050     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Stroebe M, Schut H, StroebeW. Health outcomes of bereavement. Lancet. 2007;370(9603):1960-1973.
2. Moon JR, Kondo N, Glymour MM, Subramanian SV. Widowhood and mortality: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(8):e23465.
3. Barry LC, Kasl SV, Prigerson HG. Psychiatric disorders among bereaved persons: The role of perceived circumstances of death and preparedness for death. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;10(4):447-457.
4. Hebert RS, Dang Q, Schulz R. Preparedness for the death of a loved one and mental health in bereaved caregivers of patients with dementia: Findings from the REACH study. J Palliat Med. 2006;9(3):683-693.
5. Burton AM, Haley WE, Small BJ. Bereavement after caregiving or unexpected death: Effects on elderly spouses. Aging Ment Health. 2006;10(3):319-326.
6. Kaltman S, Bonanno GA. Trauma and bereavement: Examining the impact of sudden and violent deaths. J Anxiety Disord. 2003;17(2):131-147.
7. Elwert F, Christakis NA. Variation in the effect of widowhood on mortality by the causes of death of both spouses. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(11):2092-2098.
8. Christakis NA, Iwashyna TJ. The health impact of health care on families: A matched cohort study of hospice use by decedents and mortality outcomes in surviving, widowed spouses. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57(3): 465-475.
9. Bourke A, Dattani H, Robinson M. Feasibility study and methodology to create a quality-evaluated database of primary care data. Inform Prim Care. 2004;12(3): 171-177.
10. Lewis JD, Schinnar R, Bilker WB,Wang X, Strom BL. Validation studies of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) data base for pharmacoepidemiology research. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(4):393-401.
11. Shah SM, Carey IM, Harris T, et al. Identifying the clinical characteristics of older people living in care homes using a novel approach in a primary care database. Age Ageing. 2010;39(5):617-623.
12. Shah SM, Carey IM, Harris T, DeWilde S, Victor C, Cook DG. Do good health and material circumstances protect older people from the increase in mortality after bereavement. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(8):689-698.
13. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-383.
14. Khan NF, Perera R, Harper S, Rose PW. Adaptation and validation of the Charlson Index for Read/OXMIS coded databases. BMC Fam Pract. 2010;11:1.
15. The Global Burden of Disease. 2004 Update. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
16. Shah SM, Carey IM, Tess H, DeWilde S, Cook DG. Mortality in older care home residents in England and Wales. Age Ageing. 2013; 42(2):209-215.
17. Noble M, McLennan D, Wilkinson K, et al. The English Indices of Deprivation 2007. London, UK: Department for Communities and Local Government; 2008.
18. Brown G, Fearn V, Wells C. Exploratory analysis of seasonal mortality in England and Wales: 1998 to 2007. Health Stat Q. 2010;(48):58-801.
19. Adams J, Ryan V, White M. How accurate are Townsend Deprivation Scores as predictors of selfreported health? A comparison with individual level data. J Public Health (Oxf). 2005;27(1):101-106.
20. Sloggett A, Joshi H. Higher mortality in deprived areas: Community or personal disadvantage? BMJ. 1994; 309(6967):1470-1474.
21. Bowling A. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality among older people. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58(6):438-440.
22. Martikainen P, Valkonen T. Mortality after death of a spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996;50(3):264-268.
23. Carr D, House JS, Wortman C, Nesse R, Kessler RC. Psychological adjustment to sudden and anticipated spousal loss among older widowed persons. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001;56(4):S237-S248.
24. Lundin T. Morbidity following sudden and unexpected bereavement. Br J Psychiatry. 1984;144:84-88.
25. Kristensen P, Weisæth L, Heir T. Bereavement and mental health after sudden and violent losses: A review. Psychiatry. 2012;75(1):76-97.
26. Schulz R, Beach SR, Lind B, et al. Involvement in caregiving and adjustment to death of a spouse: Findings from the Caregiver Health Effects study. JAMA. 2001;285(24):3123-3129.
27. Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Haley WE, et al. for the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health investigators. End-of-life care and the effects of bereavement on family caregivers of persons with dementia. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(20):936-942.
28. Prigerson HG, Bierhals AJ, Kasl SV, et al. Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(5):616-623.
29. Martikainen P, Valkonen T. Mortality after the death of a spouse: Rates and causes of death in a large Finnish cohort. Am J Public Health. 1996;86(8):1087-1093.
30. Stroebe MS, Folkman S, Hansson RO, Schut H. The prediction of bereavement outcome: Development of an integrative risk factor framework. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(9):2440-2451.
31. [No authors listed.] Living with grief [editorial]. Lancet. 2012;379(9816):589.